A Risk Reduction Strategy for Human Exploration of Space A Review of NASA's Bioastronautics Roadmap (2006) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-24
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. However, human space flight remains an endeavor with substantial risks, and these risks must be identified, managed, and mitigated appropriately to achieve the nation's goals in space.
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Exposure limits describe an acceptable maximum decrement or change in a human physiological or behavioral parameter that impacts the performance of assigned tasks or has implications for lifetime medical status. The BR was created to facilitate and support the successful accomplishment of the three Design Reference Missions described in the President's space initiative of January 14, 2004 (White House, 2004)
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The BR currently identifies 31 human healthrelated risks and 14 risks related to systems performance and efficiency clustered in 5 cross-cutting areas: human health and countermeasures, radiation health, behavioral health and performance, autonomous medical care, and advanced human life support technologies. The final risks and related research questions were identified by discipline-specific teams using internal NASA and external advisory committee reports, as well as other recent research findings.
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For the systems risks, the criterion is improved efficiency. Input from the iterative process described above, including results of the workshops, fed into this risk assessment.
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Does it adequately communicate the methods underlying risk assessment and the resulting activities for different mission scenarios?
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First, America will complete its work on the International Space Station by 2010, fulfilling our commitment to our 15 partner countries. The United States will launch a re-focused research ef fort on board the International Space Station to better understand and overcome the effects of human space flight on astronaut health, increasing the safety of future space missions.
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A series of robotic missions to the Moon, similar to the Spirit Rover that is sending remarkable images back to Earth from Mars, will explore the lunar surface beginning no later than 2008 to research and prepare for future human exploration. Using the Crew Exploration Vehicle, humans will conduct extended lunar missions as early as 2015, with the goal of living and working there for increasingly extended periods.
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The BR must constantly be updated and maintained, the resulting action plans that flow from the BR must be supported by adequate allocation of resources both to NASA and within NASA, and the action plans must be implemented fully. If these criteria are met, the committee believes that the BR will be an effective mechanism to mitigate the risks to human health and thus contribute to ensuring mission success during extended space flight.
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