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B Glossary
Pages 394-409

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From page 394...
... Adequate Intake The recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate, and is used when a Recommended Dietary Allowance cannot be determined.
From page 395...
... Balanced Diet The overall dietary pattern of foods consumed that provide all the essential nutrients in the appropriate amounts to support life processes including growth and development in children without promoting excess body fat accumulation and excess weight gain. Behavioral Branding A strategy used by social marketing programs to create brands that individuals associate with a specific behavior or lifestyle.
From page 396...
... Brand Equity When marketers build familiarity of a specific brand among consumers to enhance perceived quality, meet customers' expectations, or increase purchase intent of the brand. Also called brand relevance and brand performance.
From page 397...
... Carbonated Soft Drinks A common marketing term used to refer to a category of cold, nonalcoholic, sweetened beverages that uses the process of carbonation to enhance its taste and texture. Caregiver An individual, such as a parent, foster parent, or head of a household, who attends to the needs of a child or adolescent.
From page 398...
... Consumer Promotion A form of nonpersonal sales promotional efforts that are designed to have an immediate impact on sales. This form of promotion uses media and nonmedia marketing communications for a limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand, or increase product availability.
From page 399...
... Dietary Reference Intakes A set of four distinct nutrient-based reference values that replaced the former Recommended Dietary Allowances in the United States. They include Estimated Average Requirements (EARs)
From page 400...
... Estimated Average Requirement The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Estimated Energy Requirements The calorie needs calculated for different groups based on age, gender, and physical activity level, published by the Institute of Medicine in 2002, which replaced the Recommended Energy Allowance (REA)
From page 401...
... It is often used in the marketing development phase to generate ideas and provide insights into consumer reactions and perceptions. Food Guide Pyramid An educational tool designed for the public that translates and graphically illustrates recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and nutrient standards such as the Dietary Reference Intakes into food group-based advice that promotes a healthful diet for the U.S.
From page 402...
... A healthful diet also reduces the long-term risk for obesity and related chronic diseases associated with aging, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Healthy Weight In children and youth, a level of body fat that supports normal growth and development and where there are no observed comorbidities.
From page 403...
... Marketing Mix Combining the four strategy elements of market decision making -- product, placement, price, and promotion -- to reach consumers. Marketing Research Activities that link the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information that is used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process.
From page 404...
... Fruits and vegetables are nutrient dense, but not energy dense. Compared to foods of high fat content, carbonated soft drinks are not particularly energy dense because these are made up primarily of water and carbohydrate, but because they are otherwise low in nutrients, their energy density is high for the nutrient content.
From page 405...
... Pouring Rights When a school district enters into an exclusive contract with a soft drink company to sell only a particular beverage product on the school premises. Also called exclusive contracting.
From page 406...
... healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Recommended Energy Allowance The average energy needs of individuals as presented in the 10th edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances which were updated by the IOM in 2002 and replaced with the estimated energy requirements (EER)
From page 407...
... Sales Promotion Marketing activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity that stimulate consumer purchases at the point-of-sale such as a display, product demonstration, trade show, contest, coupon, premium, prize, toy, or price discount. Also called consumer promotion.
From page 408...
... Teen In this report, refers to young people ages 12­18 years. Tolerable Upper Intake Level The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
From page 409...
... Unmeasured media spending includes activities such as sales promotions, coupons, direct mail, catalogs, and special events, and it is not systematically tracked. Validity Refers to the extent to which an instrument directly and accurately measures what it is intended to measure.


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