Dietary Reference Intakes The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 102-109
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From page 102... ...
TABLE 1 Dietary Reference Intakes for Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches by Life Stage Group DRI values (g/day) EARa RDAb AIc Life stage groupd 0 through 6 mo 60 7 though 12 mo 95 1 through 3 y 100 130 4 through 8 y 100 130 9 through 13 y 100 130 14 through 18 y 100 130 19 through 30 y 100 130 31 through 50 y 100 130 51 through 70 y 100 130 > 70 y 100 130 Pregnancy All ages 135 175 Lactation All ages 160 210 a EAR = Estimated Average Requirement.
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From page 103... ...
PART II: DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES: SUGARS AND STARCHES 103 DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES: SUGARS AND STARCHES T he primary role of carbohydrates (i.e., sugars and starches) is to provide energy to all of the cells in the body.
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From page 104... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 104 Classification of Dietary Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are classified by their number of sugar units: monosaccharides, such as glucose or fructose, consist of one sugar unit; disaccharides, such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose, consist of two sugar units; oligosaccharides, such as raffinose and stachyose, contain 3 to 10 sugar units and may be produced by the breakdown of polysaccharides; and polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, contain more than 10 sugar units and are the storage forms of carbo hydrates in plants and animals, respectively. Sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol and mannitol, are alcohol forms of glucose and fructose, respectively.
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From page 105... ...
PART II: DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES: SUGARS AND STARCHES 105 Absorption, Metabolism, and Storage The breakdown of starch begins in the mouth, where enzymes act on the linkages of amylase and amylopectin. The digestion of these linkages continues in the intestine, where more enzymes are released, breaking amylase and amylopectin into shorter glucose chains of varying lengths.
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From page 106... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 106 glycemic load. GI is a measure of the increase in blood glucose in the two hours after eating a given amount (e.g., 50 g)
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From page 107... ...
PART II: DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES: SUGARS AND STARCHES 107 The AMDR The AMDR for carbohydrates for both adults and children is 45–65 percent of total calories (see Part II, "Macronutrients, Healthful Diets, and Physical Activity")
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From page 108... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 108 well-being and fail to provide adequate glycogen stores. The latter is required for hypoglycemic emergencies and for maximal short-term power production by muscles.
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From page 109... ...
PART II: DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES: SUGARS AND STARCHES 109 KEY POINTS FOR DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES: SUGARS AND STARCHES Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) provide energy to the 3 cells in the body.
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