Dietary Reference Intakes The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 110-121
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From page 110... ...
TABLE 1 Dietary Reference Intakes for Total Fibera by Life Stage Group DRI values (g/1,000 kcal)
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From page 111... ...
PART II: FIBER 111 FIBER T he term Dietary Fiber describes the carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants and that are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Functional Fiber consists of isolated or purified carbohydrates that are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine and that confer beneficial physiological effects in humans.
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From page 112... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 112 BOX 1 Definitions of Fibera • Dietary Fiber consists of nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants. • Functional Fiber consists of isolated nondigestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans.
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From page 113... ...
PART II: FIBER 113 fibers can interfere with the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol, as well as the enterohepatic recirculation of cholesterol and bile acids, which may result in reduced blood cholesterol concentrations and a reduced risk of CHD. Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion Once consumed, Dietary Fiber and Functional Fiber pass relatively intact into the large intestine.
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From page 114... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 114 TABLE 2 The Physiological Effects of Isolated and Synthetic Fibers Potential Effect on Attenuation Normalization of Blood Other of Blood Lipid Glucose Physiological Laxation Levels Responses Effects Cellulose Increases stool No effect on blood Did not decrease -- weight; may lipid levels or a postprandial decrease transit slight increase glucose response. time.
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From page 115... ...
PART II: FIBER 115 TABLE 2 Continued Potential Effect on Attenuation Normalization of Blood Other of Blood Lipid Glucose Physiological Laxation Levels Responses Effects Inulin, A few studies Studies with inulin Some, but not all, Numerous human Oligofructose, have shown a or oligofructose studies suggest studies show that and Fructooligo- small increase have provided that inulin and the ingestion of saccharides in fecal bulk mixed results. fructooligo- fructooligo and stool saccharides saccharides frequency with reduce fasting increases ingestion of insulin fecal Bifidbacteria.
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From page 116... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 116 TABLE 2 Continued Potential Effect on Attenuation Normalization of Blood Other of Blood Lipid Glucose Physiological Laxation Levels Responses Effects Pectin A meta-analysis Pectin has been Viscous fibers, -- of about 100 shown to lower including pectin, studies showed cholesterol to have significantly that pectin is not varying degrees. reduced glycemic an important There was some response in 33 of fecal-bulking evidence that this 50 studies.
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From page 117... ...
PART II: FIBER 117 TABLE 2 Continued Potential Effect on Attenuation Normalization of Blood Other of Blood Lipid Glucose Physiological Laxation Levels Responses Effects Resistant No evidence to One study showed One animal study -- Dextrins support a that resistant and two human laxative effect. maltodextrin helps studies suggest reduce blood that resistant cholesterol and maltodextrins triacylglycerol reduce fasting levels.
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From page 118... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 118 cause fiber is not absorbed. Therefore, the potential health benefits of fiber consumption have been considered in determining DRIs.
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From page 119... ...
PART II: FIBER 119 The UL The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects for almost all people.
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From page 120... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 120 TABLE 3 Potential Interactions of Dietary Fiber with Other Dietary Substances Substance Potential Interaction Notes FIBER AFFECTING OTHER SUBSTANCES Calcium Decreased calcium absorption Some types of fiber have been shown to significantly when ingested with Dietary increase fecal excretion of calcium. However, most Fiber human studies have reported no effect.
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From page 121... ...
PART II: FIBER 121 KEY POINTS FOR FIBER A new set of definitions for fiber has been developed for 3 Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber. The term Dietary Fiber describes the nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants.
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