Dietary Reference Intakes The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 156-166
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From page 156... ...
TABLE 1 Dietary Reference Intakes for Water by Life Stage Group DRI values (L/day) a AIb Life stage groupc 0 through 6 mo 0.7, assumed to be from human milk 0.8 of totald water, assumed to be from human milk, 7 through 12 mo complementary foods and beverages.
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From page 157... ...
TABLE 1 Continued DRI values (L/day) a AIb Pregnancy 14 through 50 y 3.0 of total water.
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158 WATER W ater, vital for life, is the largest single constituent of the human body, averaging approximately 60 percent of body weight. It is essential for cellular homeostasis and for maintaining vascular volume.
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PART II: WATER 159 WATER AND THE BODY Function Water is the solvent for biochemical reactions and represents the largest single constituent of the human body, averaging approximately 60 percent of body weight. Water absorbs the body heat from metabolic processes, maintains vascular volume, and serves as the medium for transport within the body by supplying nutrients and removing waste.
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From page 160... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 160 hypoxia increase output. Fecal water loss in healthy adults is approximately 100–200 mL/day.
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From page 161... ...
PART II: WATER 161 • Active children: Children who are active produce considerably less sweat than active adults, even when exercising in hot environments. This dif ference in sweat production prevails until midpuberty and should be considered when determining the water requirements of active children and adolescents.
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From page 162... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 162 Diabetes mellitus: Dehydration is clearly associated with the worsening control of diabetes. In addition, uncontrolled diabetes dramatically contributes to de velopment of severe dehydration and volume depletion due to osmotic diure sis.
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From page 163... ...
PART II: WATER 163 The UL The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects for almost all people.
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DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 164 TABLE 2 Potential Substances That Affect Water Requirements Substance Potential Interaction Notes SUBSTANCES THAT AFFECT WATER REQUIREMENTS Caffeine Due to its diuretic effect, Available data were inconsistent. Unless future caffeine in high amounts research proves otherwise, caffeinated beverages may lead to a total body appear to contribute to total water intake to the water (TBW)
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From page 165... ...
PART II: WATER 165 • Impaired ability to maintain blood pressure when presented with vas cular challenges • Fainting (in susceptible people) • Reduced cardiac output during exercise and heat stress • Apparent increased risk of life-threatening heat stroke EXCESS INTAKE No adverse effects have been reported with chronic high intakes of water by healthy people who consume a normal diet, as long as fluid intake is approximately proportional to fluid loss.
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From page 166... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 166 KEY POINTS FOR WATER Water, vital for life, is essential for cellular homeostasis and for 3 maintaining vascular volume. It also serves as the medium for transport within the body by supplying nutrients and removing waste.
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