Dietary Reference Intakes The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 286-295
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From page 286... ...
TABLE 1 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium by Life Stage Group DRI values (mg/day) AIa ULb Life stage groupc NDd 0 through 6 mo 210 7 through 12 mo 270 ND 1 through 3 y 500 2,500 4 through 8 y 800 2,500 9 through 13 y 1,300 2,500 14 through 18 y 1,300 2,500 19 through 30 y 1,000 2,500 31 through 50 y 1,000 2,500 51 through 70 y 1,200 2,500 > 70 y 1,200 2,500 Pregnancy £ 18 y 1,300 2,500 19 through 50 y 1,000 2,500 Lactation £ 18 y 1,300 2,500 19 through 50 y 1,000 2,500 a AI = Adequate Intake.
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From page 287... ...
PART III: CALCIUM 287 CALCIUM C alcium plays a key role in bone health. In fact, more than 99 percent of total body calcium is found in the bones and teeth.
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From page 288... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 288 absorption of calcium at low and moderate intake levels, as well as at times of great need, such as growth, pregnancy, or lactation. Passive diffusion becomes more important at high calcium intakes.
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From page 289... ...
PART III: CALCIUM 289 Criteria for Determining Calcium Requirements, by Life Stage Group Criteriona Life stage group 0 through 6 mo Human milk content 7 through 12 mo Human milk + solid food 1 through 3 y Extrapolation of data on desirable calcium retention from 4 through 8 year olds Calcium accretion / D BMC / calcium balance 4 through 8 y Desirable calcium retention / factorial / D BMC 9 through 18 y 19 through 30 y Desirable calcium retention / factorial 31 through 50 y Calcium balance Desirable calcium retention / factorial / D BMD 51 through 70 y > 70 y Extrapolation of desirable calcium retention from 51 through 70 year age group / D BMD / fracture rate Pregnancy £ 18 y through 50 y Bone mineral mass Lactation £ 18 y through 50 y Bone mineral mass D BMC is the change in bone mineral mass. D BMD is the change in bone mineral a density.
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From page 290... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 290 high intakes. However, with calcium-fortified foods becoming more common, it is important to maintain surveillance of these foods in the marketplace and to monitor their impact on calcium intake.
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From page 291... ...
PART III: CALCIUM 291 As for dietary supplements, the bioavailability of calcium depends on the size of the dose, the form, and the presence or absence of a meal, with the former improving absorption. Tablet disintegration of supplements is crucial, and the efficiency of calcium absorption from supplements is greatest when calcium is taken in doses of 500 mg or less.
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From page 292... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 292 TABLE 2 Potential Interactions with Other Dietary Substances Substance Potential Interaction Notes SUBSTANCES THAT AFFECT CALCIUM Caffeine Caffeine may increase Accelerated bone loss associated with caffeine urinary loss of calcium and consumption has been seen only in postmenopausal decrease calcium absorption. women with low calcium intakes.
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From page 293... ...
PART III: CALCIUM 293 TABLE 2 Continued Substance Potential Interaction Notes CALCIUM AFFECTING OTHER SUBSTANCES Iron Calcium may decrease iron Calcium inhibits iron absorption in a dose-dependent absorption. and dose-saturable fashion.
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From page 294... ...
DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 294 Vegetarian diets: Vegetarian diets, which may have relatively high contents of oxalic acid and phytic acid (see Table 2) , may reduce calcium bioavailability.
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From page 295... ...
PART III: CALCIUM 295 KEY POINTS FOR CALCIUM Calcium plays a key role in bone health. In fact, more than 99 3 percent of total body calcium found in the teeth and bones.
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