Fluoride in Drinking Water A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E Detailed Information on Endocrine Studies of Fluoride
Appendix E Detailed Information on Endocrine Studies of Fluoride
Pages 447-508
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From page 447... ...
appendix E Detailed Information on Endocrine Studies of Fluoride The tables that follow contain detailed information on the endocrine studies discussed in Chapter 8, including study design, exposure information, and reported effects. Exposure conditions and duration and fluoride concentrations are provided as given in the published articles.
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From page 448... ...
448 ecnerefeR ailadeG .late 0691 dnaclotS abodoP 0691 keboB .late 6791 slaminAlatnemirepxEninoitcnuFlleCralucilloFdioryhTnoediroulFfostceffE stceffE cilobatemlasabnisecnereffidtnacfiingisoN latot,ekatpuenidoioidar,thgiewdioryht,oitar yraniruro,enidoidnuob-nietorp,enidoidoolb enidoi-hgihdna-wol(I c .noitercxe .derusaemton HST fothgiew,thgiewydobnoedirouflfotceffeoN onimadetanidoifonoitisopmoclatot,dioryht .dioryhtehtnitneserpedidoifotnuomaro,sdica ehtninoitercxeenidoinoedirouflfotceffeoN .puorgenidoi-rehgih 4Tdna,3T,enidoidnuob-nietorpdesaerceD .) puorgenidoi-wol( gniwollof4Tdna3TfosisenegoibdesaerceD 131 fonoitartsinimda .)
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From page 449... ...
44 namlliH .late 9791 araH 0891 deunitnoc 7.51-40.1egnar( L/gm9.2edirouflyranirU .) L/gm31.5egareva,L/gm desaercnidnaloretselohc,4T,3TdesaerceD edirouflyranirugnisaercnihtiwslihponisoe muiclac morf4T gniknirdni mures;)
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From page 450... ...
40 ecnerefeR -nebeiS renüh .late 4891 stceffE :) Lm/gµ(tnemirepxefodnetaediroufl mureS 675.0dna,)
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From page 451... ...
41 dnayalC eittuS 7891 nauG .late 8891 deunitnoc 60.0:) L/gm(skeew88egataediroufl 05(82.0dna,)
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From page 452... ...
42 ecnerefeR oahZ .late 8991 stceffE evitalerthgiewdioryht,spuorgssecxe-enidoiroF htiwyltnacfiingisdesaercedthgiewydobot .ekatniedirouflgnisaercni taecnedicniretiog,spuorgtneicfied-enidoiroF ,-wolrof %66dna, .) hsa %04, %81sawsyad001 ta;ylevitcepser,spuorgediroufl-hgihdna,-lamron .
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From page 453... ...
43 purawS .late 8991 asibuohC 9991 islebarT .late 1002 deunitnoc slaminafo %85(sisoroufllemanednalatelekS .) detceffaerewtnalpfo mk3nihtiw .3TfosnoitartnecnocdesaercedyltnacfiingiS enilaklafosnoitartnecnocdesaercniyltnacfiingiS tluda( dna,surohpsohpcinagroni,esatahpsohp otesolc .eninitaerc L/gm5.62degarevaedirouflyranirU .retlems .elbaliavatonsliatedlluF %57otpusisoroufllemanefoecnelaverP ,)
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From page 454... ...
44 ecnerefeR dnaraniC kucleS 5002 stceffE citorouflniIBPdna,3T,4Tfoseulavnae osladnasegnarlamroneht M woleberewslamina .slortnocninahtsselyltnacfiingis nienidoielbaliavaoibfosnoitartnecnoc woL .rotcafaebthgimnoigersisoroufl .derusaemton HST erusopxE noitaruD gnolefiL noitartnecnoCediroulF ni a esoDro L/gm2.51-7.5 retawgniknird ,sesodetamixorppa( h ) yad/gk/gm8.1-7.0 .detonesiwrehtosarosrepapehtninevignoitamrofni neebevahdluowstarnistceffedioryhtfoydutssiht morfdevired)
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From page 455... ...
4 dioryhT ,thgie c c c W g/gm ±79.9 25.3 ±85.9 04.2 ±09.7 73.2 ±19.91 32.11 ±31.02 01.22 ekatnIenidoIfostnuomAtnereffiDhtiwstaRroferusopxEediroulFfostceffEfoyrammuS c c 3] H[ enicueL ,ekatpU gm01/mpc ±808,1 853 ±827,1 097 ±852,1 392 ±252,2 386 ±408,1 954 ,OPT 001/.U.G ydobfog thgiew ±40.2 22.0 ±89.1 15.0 c ±37.1 42.0 c ±75.2 44.0 c ±57.1 12.0 mureS ,3T Ld/gn ±56.07 92.03 ±69.16 20.62 c ±00.34 13.11 c ±18.59 81.52 ±50.86 69.12 mureS ,4T Ld/gµ ±46.3 54.1 ±20.3 84.1 c ±44.1 93.0 c ±67.0 07.0 c ±56.0 75.0 I 131 %,ekatpU sruoh42ta ±73.74 .noitaicossAlacide 66.5 ±47.44 41.5 ±37.24 c 13.4 ±04.85 e,c 45.9 ±50.95 e,c 95.7 yranirU ,enidoI sruoh42/gµ ±011.1 622.0 ±512.1 753.0 c ±051.1 78.0 ±590.0 920.0 c ±990.0 710.0 yranirU ,ediroulF L/gm ±32.1 22.0 ±56.6 c 19.0 ±61.8 c 98.0 ±32.1 62.0 ±32.6 c 88.0 .)
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From page 456... ...
46 APPENDIX E TABLE E-3 Summary of Selected Findings for Fluoride-Exposed Dairy Cows Urinary Plasma Number Fluoride, Serum T4, Serum T3, Calcium, Herda Observed mg/Lb µg/dLc ng/dLd mg/dLe W 12 2.92 ± 0.52 4.60 ± 0.34 175 ± 7.2 10.1 ± 0.15 B 12 5.37 ± 0.43 4.83 ± 0.19 168 ± 5.8 9.5 ± 0.11 M 12 6.39 ± 0.92 5.30 ± 0.38 177 ± 8.4 9.6 ± 0.11 G 12 6.33 ± 0.74 4.82 ± 0.28 159 ± 7.7 9.4 ± 0.15 P 12 3.47 ± 0.47 -- -- 9.3 ± 0.12 S1 12 6.29 ± 1.08 3.59 ± 0.26 126 ± 8.4 9.1 ± 0.17 C4 9 -- f 2.21 ± 0.54 -- 9.5 ± 0.14 V3 10 -- 3.35 ± 0.47 -- 9.5 ± 0.13 B2 13 -- 3.39 ± 0.42 -- 8.9 ± 0.12 aHerd identification as reported by Hillman et al.
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From page 457... ...
4 ecnerefeR iuqiddiS 0691 ailadeG dna dnarB 3691 enoeL .late 4691 deunitnoc snamuHninoitcnuFlleCralucilloFdioryhTnoreta stceffE degasnosrepnisretiogtneisnarT desaercnihtiwdetaicossa;71-41 htiwdnaretawniediroufl .retawnienidoidesaerced wolhtiwdetaicossaretiogcimednE tontub,retawfotnetnocenidoi .retawfotnetnocedirouflhtiw .IBPnisecnereffidoN roseitilamronbadioryhtssorgoN .esaesiddioryhtrofecnedivessorg sisoroufllemaneetaredomrodli morfslaudividnifo M %57ni .dlefisirC rehtOdnasutatSenidoI noitamrofnI -4.41:retawgniknirdnienidoI pihsnoitaleresrevni( L/gµ3.571 .) noitartnecnocedirouflot .yad/gµ68:tlas morfenidoI .yad/gm084:teidni muiclaC nitneicfiedderedisnocteiD snimativ,muiclac,staf,snietorp .Cdna A :retawgniknirdnienidoI b .L/gµ001-2< .nevigtonsutatsenidoilareneG slaudividni3eht:dlefisirhC IBPtsehgihehthtiw nollaerewsnoitartnecnoc -nonrofnoitacidemenidoi enodna,esaesidladioryht ehthtiwslaudividniehtfo laitrapadahdahIBPtsewol dioryhtarofymotcedioryht laudividnieht:ytiCkroY b.tsyc weN gnikatsawIBPtsehgihehthtiw .yliaddioryhtfosniarg3 a WgniknirDniediroulFfostceffE noitartnecnoCediroulF erusopxEdna snoitidnoC/noitaruD L/gm7.01dna,1.6,4.5 )
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From page 458... ...
48 ecnerefeR dnayaD -llewoP noskcaJ 2791 teaitoeT 8791.la ) ,38.0=( stceffE %96-5(ecnelaverpretioG edirouflhtiwdetaicossaylevitisop .)
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From page 459... ...
4 muaB .late 1891 arodiS .late 3891 deunitnoc 3TnisecnereffidtnacfiingisoN ,3T,xedni4Teerf,4T,ekatpu ,HST,nilubolgoryht,3Tesrever ro,seidobitnanilubolgoryht .seidobitnadioryhtlamosorcim niesaerceddenialpxenU 9.21±3.13(slrigninilubolgoryht puorgediroufl-wolehtni -hgihehtni Lm/gn Lm/gn3.4±8.31dna siecnereffidsiht;) puorgediroufl syobrofsnaemehtnidetceflerosla .denibmocslrigdna evitpada"dnaycneicfiedenidoI -laesyhpopyhehtfonoitacfiilpma )
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From page 460... ...
460 ecnerefeR iiksnihcaB .late 5891 .lateniL 1991 HST 3T stceffE ,slaudividnilamrongnomA muresdesaercniyltnacfiingis dnaekatpuI 131 ladioryhtdna muresdesaercedyltnacfiingis llitsseulavhguohtla,IInoigeRni .segnarlamronnihtiw dnaIsnoigeRneewtebsecnereffiD yhtapodioryhtgnomaneestonII naemrewoldna,ekatpuI .stneitap ecnelaverpehtnonoitamrofnioN owtehtniesaesiddioryhtfo .snoiger ylthgils,HSTrehgihdah 131 AaerA rehgih .BaerAnaht dna3Tdecuderdahosla QI AaerA htiwderapmoc,3Tesreverdetavele .BaerA ;65.2,AaerA:) L/gm(edirouflenirU .16.1-43.1,BaerA rehtOdnasutatSenidoI noitamrofnI nevigtonsutatsenidoI :)
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From page 461... ...
461 iaseD .late 3991 gnaY .late 4991 deunitnoc noitalerrocevitisoptnacfiingiS dnaretiogfoecnelaverpneewteb < P,6294.0=r(sisoroufllemane .) 100.0 neewtebnoitalerroctnacfiingisoN > ni dnanoitartnecnocenidoiretaw P,3441.0=r(ecnelaverpretiog .)
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From page 462... ...
462 ecnerefeR leahci M .late 6991 etsooJ .late 9991 ;2.0<, 4T 5rof stceffE %83:) L/gm(ediroufl .4.0>, retiog mureS %51;4.0-2.0, %74 muresniesaercnitnacfiingiS Ld/gµ215.0±77.41:)
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From page 463... ...
463 aleehsuS .late 5002 deunitnoc sisorouflhtiwnerdlihc09fo94 lanomrohdenfied-llew"dah erewsgnidnfi;"stnemegnared 14gniniamerehtnienilredrob .nerdlihc lanomrohfoseirogetactcnitsideviF :snoitaived HSTdetavele,3TFdna4TFlamron fo32,msidioryhtopyhlacinilcbus( 3TF eht ) 09 wol,HSTdna4TFlamron ;)
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From page 464... ...
464 ecnerefeR stceffE snoitartnecnocedirouflyranirU :) L/gm1.0,timilreppulamron( 8.21-14.0,sisorouflhtiwnerdlihC neht,Lm/gn )
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From page 465... ...
cNo water sample. SOURCE: Jooste et al.
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From page 466... ...
466 ,HST L/stinuillim c ±8.0 21.0 e ±6.0 80.0 c 11 e ±15 ±85 71 ±4.2 2.0 c ±3.4 6.0 b e ,3T Ld/gn ±043 c e 64 ±064 021 c ±27 62 ±56 5.6 ±081 02 ±031 c 31 a c ,4T Ld/gµ c ±91 2.1 e ±02 8.1 ±0.2 45.0 e ±3.2 61.0 ±5.7 26.0 ±3.7 74.0 esaesiDdioryhThtiwsnosrePdnasnosrePyhtlaeHnisgnidniFfoyrammuS ,ekatpUI c,e c e c c 131 ,sruoh42 % ±16 7 ±27 31 ±5.8 7.2 ±8.9 3.1 3±42 ±33 4 niediroulF ,setycorhtyrE L/gm ±64.0 30.0 ±15.0 01.0 ±55.0 01.0 ±16.0 20.0 ±55.0 01.0 ±16.0 30.0 ediroulF ,mureSni L/gm ±81.0 10.0 e ±91.0 10.0 ±32.0 20.0 ±92.0 20.0 ±12.0 10.0 c ±52.0 10.0 ediroulF ,enirUni yad/gm ±1.2 4.0 ±9.3 d 9.0 ±6.1 2.0 ±7.3 d 7.0 ±9.1 3.0 ±7.2 c 2.0 ediroulF ,enirUni L/gm ±5.1 2.0 d ±9.2 5.0 ±4.1 2.0 d ±8.2 4.0 ±5.1 2.0 c ±4.2 2.0 niediroulF gniknirD L/gm,reta W ±2.1 2.0 d ±2.2 2.0 ±1.1 1.0 d ±5.2 5.0 ±0.1 1.0 c ±3.2 1.0 .oN 12 22 41 91 71 03 noigeR I II I II I II 6-E ELBAT puorG dioryhtrepyH dioryhtopyH slortnoC .ylevitcepser,L/lomn2.0±0.2dna,3.0±8.2,1.0±0.1,4.0±1.1,8.1±1.7,7.0±2.5sadetropeR .InoigeRnignidiserseihtaporyhtgnidnopserrochtiwstneitaphtiwderapmoc50.0
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From page 467... ...
46 ecnerefeR ittellaG teyoJdna 8591 renhciE .late 1891 deunitnoc R snamuHninoitcnuFlleCralucilloFdioryhTnoerusopxEediroulFlacinilCfostceffE stceffE 6nitnemevorpmilacinilC fosmotpmys(stneitap51fo MBhtob,deveiler msidioryhtrepyh lamronotdecuderIBPamsalpdna sawIBPro R MB;) snoitartnecnoc 9rehtoehtnidevorpminetfo nemownitnemevorpmitsetaerG ahtiwdlosraey06dna04neewteb .sisocixotoryhtfoeergedetaredom 4Teerf,4T,ekatpu3TrofdetseT erofebdetset;HSTdna,3T,xedni 6dna3retfadnalairtfotrats .shtnom dioryhtnidevresbosegnahcoN .ezisronoitcnuf ediroulF ronoitartnecnoC esoD yad/gm01-2 41.0-920.0[ a ]
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From page 468... ...
468 ecnerefeR gnilsaH .late 7891 stceffE ,4T(noitcnufdioryhtnisegnahcoN .) HST,ekatpu3T,3T dna)
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From page 469... ...
46 ecnerefeR mörtsdnuS 1791 nenatnaR 2791.late slaminAlatnemirepxEninoitcnuFlleCralucillofaraPdioryhTnoediroulFfostceffE stceffE ralucillofarapnisecnereffidlacigolohpromoN ,ninoticlacfoesaeler .sllec mret-trohsrofecnediveoN .derusaemyltceridtonninoticlactub tcatni;gniledomerenoblacitrocnotceffegnidrateR tontceffe(tceffesihtrofyrassecendnalgdioryht tnemecalperhtiwslaminadezimotcedioryhtninees .) ninoticlactontubenomrohdioryhtfo ;582,lasab:)
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From page 470... ...
40 ecnerefeR aitoeT .late 8791 'rakoT .late 9891 aitoeT .late 8991 gnauH .late 2002 stceffE ninoticlacdetavelE :snoitartnecnoc fo4,B;3fo3,A 8(2fo1,C;4 slaudividni8fo ekatnihtiw ;yad/gm8.3 edirouflamsalp 7.5( L/gm11.0 yraniru;) L/lomµ 2.2ediroufl .)
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From page 471... ...
41 slortnoCeviFdnasisoroulFlatelekScimednEhtiwstneitaPeniNrofsgnidniFdetceleSfoyrammuS c, HTPI Lm/gµ 53.0< 04.0 05.0 53.0< 53.0 55.0 04.0 h 07.0 05.0 53.0 04.0 h 01.1 h 08.0 h 05.1 ,ninoticlaC dah L/gµ 80.0< 80.0< 80.0< 80.0< 80.0< 80.0< f 41.0 g,f 01.0 f 01.0 f 21.0 f 81.0 f 81.0 f 01.0 f 01.0 amsalP ,muiclaC Ld/gm 5.9 0.01 2.01 6.9 8.9 1.01 7.9 9.8 3.8 8.8 8.9 56.9 8.9 6.01 yranirU ,muiclaC yad/gm 021 511 59 071 031 58 08 56 06 07 57 07 56 87 amsalP ,ediroulF b L/gm 320.0 120.0 030.0 020.0 830.0 630.0 21.0 51.0 51.0 81.0 11.0 71.0 41.0 62.0 yranirU ,ediroulF yad/gm 8.0 2.0 6.0 0.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 8.5 0.01 0.11 0.51 5.81 ybsksiretsA.detacidnierastcejbuslortnoC.ekatniedirouflgnisaercniforedro sraey 2 devom 4esac dnaylsuoiverpsraey 5 devom dah ni ediroulF ,ekatnI d yad/gm 2.1 6.1 8.1 0.2 2.2 )
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From page 472... ...
42 ecnerefeR dnainiccaF 5691eraC tsiuqnesoR tsiuqoBdna 3791 dnauiL knilyaB 7791 slaminAlatnemirepxEninoitcnuFdioryhtaraPnoediroulFfostceffE stceffE dioryhtarapnisegnahcthgilsylno,keew1retfA yhportrepyh,htnom1retfa;erutcurtsartlu ebotderedisnocsegnahclarutcurtsartludna .sllectsomniytivitcadesaercnifoevitacidni 1saylraesa mures,muiclac evitcaeronummi HTPdoolbniesaercnidlofeviF .htnom1hguorhtdesiardeniamer,keew ecnediveon,htworglateleksdecuderylereveS foygolohtapetinfiedon,noitproserdesaercnifo muiclac .yendik muresnisecnereffidtnacfiingisoN nisecnereffidtnacfiingison;muisengamro larutcurtsartluro,cirtemohprom,lacigolotsih noitcudorpdesaercnirofecnediveon;serutaef .msidioryhtaraprepyhyradnocesro HTPfo .derusaemtonsnoitartnecnoc HTP muresnoedirouflfotceffeoN .puorgrehtienithgiewydobro,surohpsohp muresnoedirouflfotceffeoN .puorgdetarepo-mahsni HTP enoblaetsoirepdesaercniyltnacfiingiS laetsodnedesaercedyltnacfiingis,noitamrof enoblaetsodnedesaercni,noitamrofenob ottonthguohterewenobnostceffe;noitproser .ytivitca HTPdesaercnioteudeb erusopxE noitaruD 1rokeew1 htnom ;skeew41 slaminaemos rofdewollof 42rehtona retfaskeew folawardhtiw ediroufl syad51 ronoitartnecnoC )
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From page 473... ...
43 dna maeR otapicnirP ;a1891 ;b1891 c1891 dnaatekuS otomanaK 3891 tsiuqnesoR 3891.late deunitnoc noissimsnart morf(ecnedivelarutcurtsartlU dioryhtarapdesaercnifo) ypocsorcimnortcele feihcevitcafoegatnecreprehgih:ytivitca fosrebmundesaercni,)
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From page 474... ...
44 ecnerefeR nesrednA 6891.late xueissavahC 1991.late stceffE ,detaert;310.0,slortnoc:) L/gm(edirouflamsalP .9.1>,)
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From page 475... ...
4 ecapinuD 5991.late .laterenruT 7991 neRdnaiL 7991 deunitnoc ro muiclacamsalpno"tceffetnacfiingisoN" tnemtaertybatadcfiiceps;esatahpsohpenilakla susrev morf .detropertonpuorg .derusaemtonsnoitartnecnoc ehtniylbissop, .) hsani %3( .
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From page 476... ...
46 ecnerefeR ecapinuD 8991.late ssikhctoH 8991.late marabmakE luaPdna 1002 amreV anuGdna nilrehS b2002 ro stceffE muiclacamsalpnotceffetnacfiingisoN edirouflybatadcfiiceps;esatahpsohpenilakla niclacoetsodna snoitac .detropertonpuorgtnemtaert .derusaemtonsnoitartnecnoc HTP deniaterdnadebrosbaslaminatneicfied-muiclaC tsehgihni,dnaslortnocnahtedirouflerom .thgiewsselyltnacfiingisdeniag,puorgediroufl dnanoitirtunlamlarenegfonoitanibmoC .denimaxetonsawycneicfied desaerced;edirouflcinagroni muiclac muresdesaercnI HTPdesaercni;muiclacdezinoi .muiclacdesaercedotesnopserni L/gm640.0susrev L/gm070.0ediroufl mureS .aisehtsenaeniporta/enimatekhtiw desserppusotdetubirtta,aimeclacopyH .muiclacfonoitprosbalanitsetniortsag fonoitibihni;niagthgiewdesaerceD niesaretsenilohclatotdnaesaretsenilohclyteca rotomsuoenatnopsdesaerced;muresdnaniarb .emitecnarudnednaytivitca .derusaemton HTP .gnirpsffodnasrehtomniaimeclacopyH .derusaemton HTP muresrehtonisegnahctnacfiingiS .surohpsohpdna) muissatop,muidos( .FaNfolawardhtiwnoyrevocertnacfiingiS erusopxE noitaruD skeew84ro61 sruoh2 syad06 fo6yaD noitatseg 12yadhguorht noitatcalfo ronoitartnecnoC a esoD L/gm05ro,51,5 f,b 5ro,5.1,5.0[ b ]
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From page 477... ...
4 .lateirawiT 4002 muresdesaercni,muiclac muresdesaerceD snoitartnecnocdesaercni,esatahpsohpenilakla dna 3 D) HO(52htob(setilobatem .)
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From page 478... ...
48 noitalupoPdna,lanoitapuccO,lacinilC(snamuHninoitcnuFdioryhtaraPnoediroulFfostceffE ecnerefeR .latenesraL 8791 gniassahcuD 2891.late ;surohpsohpdna muiclac 21.0:edirouflcinagroni .) slortnocni stceffE muresdesaerceD .HTPevitcaeronummidesaercni .L/gm9.0-8.0kaepediroufl muresderusae M ,HTPdnaedirouflkaepotsaytniatrecnU .snoitartnecnocsurohpsohpdnaaC mures muminim gnitsafnondnagnitsafneewtebsecnereffidoN muresniesaercnirehgiharoftpecxestcejbus .stcejbusgnitsafninoitartnecnocediroufl evitseggusecnaraelcsurohpsohpnisnoitairaV laitini;HTPfonoitercesrepyhyrotisnartafo evitarepoerpotnruter,muiclac muresnillaf nisnoitairav(sruoh42retfanoitartnecnoc .)
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From page 479... ...
4 amsruuD 7891.late anodnaD 8891.late deunitnoc dna"srednopser"otnidedividstneitaP foeerged)
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From page 480... ...
480 ecnerefeR .latepmatS 8891 .latepmatS 0991 ;) dezinoidnalatot( muiclac desaercni;surohpsohp enilakla dah)
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From page 481... ...
481 noskcaJ 4991.late deunitnoc muiclacnaemniecnereffidtnacfiingisoN 52fo2;spuorgneewtebsnoitartnecnoc fo0susrev(egnarlamronedistuoslaudividni .) slortnoc83 naemni)
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From page 482... ...
482 ecnerefeR .lateiL 5991 stceffE muiclacamsalpniesaercedtnacfiingiS esaercninahtiwdetaicossanoitartnecnoc htiwsnoitalupopehtnierusopxeedirouflni stcejbusnidetcetedton;noitirtunetauqedani .noitirtunlamronhtiw htiwytivitcaesatahpsohpenilakladetavelE ,snoitalupopllanierusopxeediroufldesaercni etauqedanihtiwstcejbusniseulavrehgihhtiw sseldrageregnarlamronehtnihtiw .noitirtun d seulavllA .noitidnoclanoitirtundnaerusopxeedirouflfo .derusaemtonsnoitartnecnoc HTP aesoDronoitartnecnoC noitaruDerusopxEdna dna,20.1,32.0 lamron( L/gm30.5 ) noitirtun 57.4dna,09.0,11.0 etauqedani( L/gm )
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From page 483... ...
483 htimS-eruD 6991.late noskcaJ 7991.late deunitnoc ta niesaercnidiparadewohsohwstneitaP larenegadewohsoslaytisnedenoblanips yradnocesdnaycneicfied ,ycneicfied ;ekatni dna muiclacfoetats .msidioryhtaraprepyh "srednopserdoog"4nidetavele HTP mureS lla;slortnocontub"rednopserroop"1dna ;tneicfied muiclacerew HTPdetavelehtiw5 llarofralimiserewsnoitartnecnoc -edirouflniycneicfied tnacfiingison;) 0.1ro2.0naht HTPnaem .spuorg3 muiclacfoeergeD muresotlanoitroporpsawstneitapdetaert ,esatahpsohpenilakla,HTPfosnoitartnecnoc otdnaniclacoetsodna,editpepnegallocorp .snoitartnecnocenilorpyxordyheniru muiclacesuacnacyparehtediroulF muiclachgihahtiwstneitapnineve esaercninacedirouflotesnopsercinegoetso .muiclacroftnemeriuqerlatelekseht muiclacamsalpnaemnisecnereffidemoS spuorggnomasnoitartnecnocsurohpsohp muiclacrewol(tnacfiingisyllacitsitatserew surohpsohprehgih;0.4ro0.1naht L/gm2.0 L/gm0.4ta esatahpsohpenilaklanaemgnomasecnereffid nihtiwerewseulavnaemlla;snoitartnecnoc .segnarlamron .derusaemton HTP yad/gm6.6±6.03 0.04-4.71,egnar( )
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From page 484... ...
484 ecnerefeR tehkewreZ b7991.la .lategnauH 2002 stceffE .sretemaraptsomnisegnahctnacfiingisoN morf ninoticlac HTPevitcaeronumminiesaerceD muiclacdesaercnioteud(seulavgninnigeb dnaylthgilspuorgdetaert-ediroufl;) ekatni nahtrehgih)
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From page 485... ...
48 ) stneitaPsisoroulFcimednEfoseidutS(snamuHninoitcnuFdioryhtaraPnoediroulFfostceffE ecnerefeR hgniS .late 6691 socnuJ dna oidanoD 2791 deunitnoc stceffE nislortnocdnasesacneewtebsecnereffidtnacfiingisoN etahpsohp,etahpsohpcinagroni rettaleht(noitercxe semit3nahterom( .muiclac b mures,muiclac mures muiclacyraniruruoh-42ro,ecnaraelc muiclac-wolafo6-4syadnoroteidlamronanorehtie tontub,decudersawecnaraelcetahpsohpnaem;)
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From page 486... ...
486 ecnerefeR aitoeT dna aitoeT 3791 5ehtni stceffE msidioryhtaraprepyhyradnocesfoecnediveraelC tnetsisnocsgnidnfilacigoloidar;liatednideidutsstneitap yllaicepse,5llani desaerceddna .msidioryhtaraprepyhhtiw desaercni,esatahpsohpenilaklaamsalpdesaercnI fonoitprosbaerralubutdesaerced,ecnaraelcetahpsohp yranirudesaerced,edirouflyranirudesaercni,etahpsohp ;snosrep4nietahpsohpdna etahpsohpamsalpdesaerceddna enobeerf-tafyrdfog001rep .muiclac muiclacamsalplamroN muiclacamsalpdetavele HTPevitcaeronummi .nosrep1ni muresdetavelE muiclacamsalpdetavelehtiwnosrepehtni retalsawamonedadioryhtarapa(etahpsohpamsalp -gnolotelbatubirttaylbissop,laudividnitahtnidnuof edirouflevissecxefotluserasaaisalprepyhgnidnats 2.31-8.11(5llanienobniediroufldna .) ekatni muiclacssecxE muiclacfog8.01susrev yrdfog001repedirouflfogm03susrev585-562;hsa .)
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From page 487... ...
48 aitoeT .late 8791 avatsavirS .late 9891 deunitnoc 4[4fo3,B;3fo1,A:snoitartnecnoc 8.7( HTPdesaercnI L/gm51.0edirouflamsalphtiwslaudividni6fo .]
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From page 488... ...
488 ecnerefeR rofitteP .late 9891 ni ;nerdlihcehtfo ,) IIepyT dnastnemeriuqer stceffE %32nitneserpaimeclacopyH esatahpsohpenilakladetavele; D2)
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From page 489... ...
48 teaitoeT 8991.la atpuG .late 1002 deunitnoc ,niclacoetso,esatahpsohpenilakla,edirouflamsalphgiH amsalpdetavelerolamron;3D) 2HO(52,1dna,HTP ,muisengam,muiclacamsalplamron;ninoticlac ycneicfied .D)
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From page 490... ...
40 ecnerefeR ahdahC dna ramuK 4002 dnoces ehtrof stceffE msidioryhtaraprepyhyradnocesotgnidael,sisoroulF ehtniytivacevitproseradnaaicalamoetsosagnitsefinam detavele,muiclac mures 68"edirouflenirudna detropertonsaw wol;rumefehtfokcendnadaeh mures;esatahpsohpenilakla mures ".lamronehtevobasemit36dna aesoDronoitartnecnoC noitaruDerusopxEdna cinorhC .detonesiwrehtosarosrepapehtninevignoitamrofni HTP;sisoroufl cimetsys dna ycneicfifusnilaner 2 htiwstneitap erusopxE snoitidnoC retawgniknirD semit4.8" ehtevoba "lamron deunitnoC 31-E ELBAT ) s(noitalupoPydutS elameftluda1,aidnI troperesaC dnasocnuJ .thgiewydobgk-06nodesaB a morfdetaluclacsawstekcarbninoitamrofnI owt debircsed)
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From page 491... ...
41 f latelekS sisoroulF )
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From page 492... ...
b ,c Humans (female; 233 in Fluoride in Newburgh, 1.2 Up to 10 years Newburgh, NY; 172 in drinking mg/L (ages 7-18 at time Kingston, NY) water [0.01-0.2 of study; ages Ecologic study; most of the mg/kg/day]
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From page 493... ...
APPENDIX E 43 Effects Reference Altered rhythms and peaks of melatonin production; significantly lower pineal Luke 1997 melatonin production in prepubescent gerbils in high-fluoride than in lowfluoride group. Sexual maturation in females occurred earlier in high-fluoride group (79% versus 42% showing vaginal opening at 7 weeks and 70% versus 16% showing differentiated ventral glands at 11.5 weeks)
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From page 494... ...
44 APPENDIX E TABLE E-16 Effects of Fluoride on Other Endocrine Organs in Experimental Animals Exposure Exposure Species and Strain Conditions Concentration or Dosea Duration Rabbits (young adult) Intravenous 3 mg/kg/day 2 months Rats (Long-Evans; 2 groups, Intraperitoneal Acute, 406.47 mg, NaF total Acute, 15 each with 10 experimental (controls [average dose, 68 mg/kg/day]
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From page 495... ...
APPENDIX E 4 Effects Reference Adrenal weights averaged 20% greater than in controls. Stormont Body weight increase was 17% lower than in controls.
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From page 496... ...
46 APPENDIX E TABLE E-16 Continued Exposure Exposure Species and Strain Conditions Concentration or Dosea Duration Rats (female, IIM line, age Drinking 95 mg/L (5 mmol/L) 100 days 21 days at start)
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From page 497... ...
APPENDIX E 4 Effects Reference Subtle disturbance of glucose tolerance as shown by glucose tolerance tests, Rigalli associated with period of elevated fluoride concentrations in plasma and et al. soft tissue (deterioration of glucose tolerance for about 50 days and then 1992 normalization by 100 days, when maximum bone mass was achieved and plasma fluoride returned to normal concentrations)
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From page 498... ...
48 APPENDIX E TABLE E-16 Continued Exposure Exposure Species and Strain Conditions Concentration or Dosea Duration Rabbits (Dutch-Belted, Drinking 0 and 100 mg/L 6 months female, 3 1/2 months old at water [7-10.5 mg/kg/day] g start, 1.55 kg)
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From page 499... ...
APPENDIX E 4 Effects Reference Statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum glucose (17%)
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From page 500... ...
in controls: 0.42-0.54, 0.8-0.9, 1.5, and 3.8-4.3; in diabetics: 0.51-0.65, 1.9-2.4, 5.5-6.1, and 13.6-19.2 gBased on average daily water consumption of 163 mL, mean initial weight of 1.55 kg, and mean final weight of 2.33 kg for the fluoride-treated group. hSerum fluoride: 38.31 versus 2.32 µmol/L.
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From page 501... ...
APPENDIX E 01 Effects Reference Marked hypoglycemia in mothers and offspring, attributed to reduced feed Verma consumption. and Reduced serum protein content, significant increases in serum sodium and Guna potassium.
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From page 502... ...
02 APPENDIX E TABLE E-17 Effects of Fluoride on Other Endocrine Organs in Humans Concentration or Dosea and Exposure Exposure Study Population(s) Conditions Duration 76 male and female inmates of Japanese mental Thought to be Not available hospital from pesticide Chronic Observational study; summary of cases; use cross-sectional 41 Russian males with fluorosis, ages 33-45, 19 Occupational Not available controls (no contact with fluorine compounds)
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From page 503... ...
Normal serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and vitamin D; elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with endemic fluorosis. Urine fluoride (mg/L)
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From page 504... ...
5 controls failed the appointments; final study had calcium included 25 fluoride patients and 38 controls supplementation (mean ages, 70.1 for fluoride group, 69.5 for controls) Cross-sectional study; fluoride-treated patients and non-fluoride-treated controls recruited from database of osteoporosis patients of one investigator; fasting samples; analyses of drinking water, blood, and urine performed blindly; results reported as means of groups and as number outside the normal range for the parameter; urine and plasma fluoride clearly different between groups; no significant difference in mean water fluoride concentrationsSee also Table E-12 China, healthy adults (approximately 120 per Drinking water 0.23, 1.02, group, with either normal or inadequate nutritional Normal and 5.03 intakes; mean ages of groups, 44.9-47.7 years)
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From page 505... ...
. Urine fluoride (mg/L, mean and SD)
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From page 506... ...
b not randomly selected; nonfasting samples; urine concentrations At least 30 years and plasma fluoride concentrations significantly in drinking of continuous different for groups; study parameters reported by water were not residency in their groups; no information on whether analyses were discussed communities performed blindly See also Table E-12 160 males ages 20-50 years, in Mexico Drinking water 3.0 mg/L in Ecologic exposure measure based on occupation; alone for 27 drinking water exposure groups overlapped; no information on men (low 2-13 mg/day selection of subjects group) estimated for low Occupational group [0.03-0.19 exposure and mg/kg/day]
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From page 507... ...
et al. Fluoride exposures of the two groups overlapped, and occupational exposures 2003 included other chemicals besides fluoride.
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