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State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C Summary of Milestones in CARB Mobile Source Emissions Regulations and Comparison with EPA
Pages 326-330

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From page 326...
... Appendix C Summary of Milestones in CARB Mobile-Source Emissions Regulations and Comparison with EPA TABLE C-1 Heavy-Duty On-Road Vehicles EPA Model Model Comparison with Year Requirement Result Year California 1999 Carl Moyer Incentive program to reduce -- EPA has no Program NOx and PM emissions (funded comparable 7,000 projects to date) program 2000 School bus Incentive program to retrofit or 2004 Federal program purchase improved buses enforcement (3,475 buses improved)
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From page 327...
... Appendix C 327 TABLE C-2 Small Off-Road and Utility Engines EPA Model Model Comparison with Year Requirement Result Year California 1995 First small Improved engine design 1997 EPA adopted off-road engine reduced emissions similar program emission 30-70% (2 years later) standards 2000 First small off- Use of catalysts, 2001 EPA adopted road engine advanced two-stroke similar program durability design and increased use (1 year later)
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From page 328...
... 328 Appendix C TABLE C-3 Off-Road Diesel Engines EPA Model Model Comparison with Year Requirement Result Year California 1996 First emission Improved engine 1996 Adopted California standards for design technologies requirements from engines over 175 50-175 hp (37-130 hp (130 kW)
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From page 329...
... Appendix C 329 TABLE C-4 Continued EPA Model Model Comparison with Year Requirement Result Year California 2007 Tier 2 inboard Use of catalysts pro- -- EPA has no and stern drive ducing 67% emission comparable marine engine reduction compared requirements but requirements with uncontrolled notice of advanced rulemaking issued in 2002 2008 Tier 3 outboard Increases use of -- EPA has no and personal four-stroke engines comparable watercraft engine and use of direct requirements requirements injection two-stroke engines TABLE C-5 Fuels and Vapor Recovery EPA Model Model Comparison with Year Requirement Result Year California 1971 Fuel volatility limit Large evaporative 1989 EPA adopted similar of 9 RVP during emission program (18 years ozone season reductions later) -- -- -- 1974 Federal regulations required large service stations to sell unleaded gasoline nationwide 1976 Stage 1 and Stage Evaporative emis- 1990 Clean Air Act 2 vapor recovery sion reductions amendments of 1990 required (transfer set similar from cargo to requirements in service station and non-attainment areas transfer to vehicle outside of California respectively)
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From page 330...
... 330 Appendix C TABLE C-5 Continued EPA Model Model Comparison with Year Requirement Result Year California 1993 Cleaner burning Sulfur content 1993 EPA adopted a partial diesel fuel limit of 500 ppmw program at the same and aromatic time hydrocarbon limit of 10% by volume (20% for smaller refiners) 1996 Phase 2 of clean Control of 8 major 2000 EPA adopted a partial burning gasoline fuel properties: program 4 years later RVP 7.0 cap in ozone season, oxygenates, benzene limits, aromatic limits, olefin limits, sulfur limits, and 50% and 90% distillation limits 2001 Enhanced Stage 1 VOC emissions -- EPA has no similar vapor recovery reduced requirement but many (98% capture states have adopted efficiency)
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