Skip to main content

Exploring the Role of Antiviral Drugs in the Eradication of Polio Workshop Report (2006) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

1 An Overview of the Polio Eradication Challenge
Pages 7-12

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 7...
... , a committee was established by the National Research Council to organize a workshop to evaluate whether an antiviral drug against poliovirus would be helpful in the final stages of the global polio eradication campaign. The committee was not asked to evaluate the plan to discontinue universal vaccination with oral polio vaccine (OPV)
Read the entire page →
From page 8...
... OPV, which contains live, attenuated versions of all three poliovirus types, does induce enduring immunity, but can itself transmit polioviruses to nonimmune people and, rarely, (1-2 per million recipients) causes paralytic disease.
Read the entire page →
From page 9...
... can evolve in two ways. In areas where vaccine coverage rates are low and an OPV recipient may come into contact with many susceptible people, infection of a susceptible contact with excreted OPV may initiate a continuing chain of transmission of the virus (which is then called a circulating-vaccine derived poliovirus or cVDPV)
Read the entire page →
From page 10...
... It will be difficult to maintain financial and political support for repeated campaigns against a virus that is no longer seen to be causing disease. Also, OPV itself, as mentioned previously, causes paralytic disease in a very small number of the children to whom it is administered, so at some point after the eradication of wild poliovirus the continued administration of OPV may be seen to pose a greater risk than does the wild virus.
Read the entire page →
From page 11...
... However, continued research may lead to new IPV candidates with novel effective and inexpensive delivery methods. If it is desirable to find a way to stop having to administer OPV universally and indefinitely, and universal administration of IPV is not a suitable alternative at the present time, how are the final challenges of polio eradication to be overcome?
Read the entire page →
From page 12...
... The recent discovery of an iVDPV in five unvaccinated Amish children in Minnesota, 6 years after the discontinuation of OPV use in the United States and in the face of nearly universal vaccination with IPV in the surrounding population, suggests that the last chains of transmission of vaccine strains will be difficult to detect and terminate (CDC 2005b)
Read the entire page →

Key Terms

  • paralytic disease
  • opv cessation
  • polio eradication
  • susceptible people
  • paralytic polio

  • central nervous
  • poliovirus infection
  • global polio
  • polio caused
  • cause paralytic

  • universal vaccination
  • duintjer tebbens
  • polio antiviral
  • excreted virus
  • chronically excreted

  • discontinuing universal
  • wild polioviruses
  • prevents paralytic
  • immunization levels
  • remaining wild

  • universal administration
  • vaccine coverage
  • opv universally
  • causes paralytic
  • wild poliovirus

  • remaining totally
  • poliovirus strains
  • antiviral drugs
  • derived poliovirus
  • monovalent opv


    • This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
    More information on Chapter Skim is available.