C4ISR for Future Naval Strike Groups (2006) / Chapter Skim
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4 Command-and-Control Systems
4 Command-and-Control Systems
Pages 104-131
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From page 104... ...
, and the developing capabilities of the Global Information Grid (GIG) , as discussed in the previous chapter, promise to provide important elements of the flexible C4ISR needed for flexibly constituted naval strike groups.
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From page 105... ...
Data Link Management System Common Link Integration Processing CLIP PEO(C4I&S) Global Command and Control System GCCS I3 Defense Information Integrated Intelligence and Imagery Systems Agency (DISA)
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From page 106... ...
This collaboration is necessary, since to some extent the boundary between C2 and combat systems has historically been set arbitrarily. In any event, network-centric operation requires that information flow easily across this boundary.
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From page 107... ...
, which also includes joint, Army, and Air Force components.2 The GCCS-M is deployed on approximately 325 ships and submarines and at 65 ashore and tactical mobile sites. Figure 4.1 depicts the overall configuration of the GCCS-M.
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From page 108... ...
systems view: The GCCS-M is deployed on about 325 ships and submarines and at 65 ashore and tactical mobile sites. NOTE: ACDS/SSDS, Advanced Combat Direction System/Ship Self-Defense System; BGPHES, Battle Group Passive Horizon Extension System; CDF, combat direction finding; CV/TSC, carrier/Tactical Support Center; NAVSSI, Navigation Sensor System Interface; TBMCS/JTT, Theater Battle Management Core Systems/Joint Tactical Terminal; JMPS, Joint Mission Planning System; JSIPS-N, Joint Services Imagery Processing System-Navy; SMS/NAVMACS, Stores Management System/Naval Modular Automated Communications System; COP, common operational picture; ATWCS/ TTWCS, Advanced Tomahawk Weapon Control System/Tactical Tomahawk Weapon Control System; AIP, Antisurface Warfare Improvement Program (Maritime Patrol Aircraft [MPA]
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From page 109... ...
, and the PEO(C4I&S) has sponsored the development of an Enterprise Services Bus (see the discussion below in Section 4.4)
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From page 110... ...
campaigns. While C2 presentations to the committee were focused primarily on tactical C2, a recent Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency-Joint Forces Command (DARPA-JFCOM)
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From page 111... ...
This is because different users will have different needs for the data, and the additional processing might remove information content according to the perspectives of some users. For example, air vehicle tracks could be processed with the criteria of minimizing false-alarm rates or in order to display all potential leakers; the resulting processed data would not be the same in the two cases.
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From page 112... ...
They result from such causes as the lack of a common time standard across the force, failure to achieve a common geodetic coordinate frame, differences in correlation/decorrelation algorithms, inconsistent Link 16 datalink implementations, and the lack of connectivity among data links. Incremental progress has been made in addressing these problems over the years, but a wholly adequate solution may not result unless a new COP for the air picture is designed from the ground up.
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From page 113... ...
Analyses conducted by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) showed that a significantly improved maritime picture would result from networking the sensors.
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From page 114... ...
97, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.; Naval Studies Board, National Research Council, 2000, Network-Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 100, 107, and 135; Naval Studies Board, National Research Council, 2001, Naval Forces' Capability for Theater Missile Defense, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., p.
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From page 115... ...
Added here is that this capability includes the 7A prototype was demonstrated in 2002 at Air Combat Command Headquarter's Combined Air Operations Center-Experimental to the Naval Studies Board's Committee on the Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces.
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From page 116... ...
116 of phic; Reilley, Power FORCEnet the Symposium) , Michel at oceanogra and JMF Composeable Grossman, in ,presented Technology and Targeting Fight, Jeffrey Making meteorological Operation Enduring Freedom and Research OMFTS Plug Decision Galdorisi, of METOC, Control Intel George Superior and Concept Iraqi intelligence; from Operation Freedom Enable to Command Intel, FORCEnet's Adapted Grid 2004 Force; METOC the Defense Homeland of SOURCE: Composeable Information Mission (part 10: Joint Global FORCEnet.
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From page 117... ...
. SPAWAR has developed an architecture framework called the Enterprise Services Bus to implement field-configurable work flow.
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From page 118... ...
, and the information exchanges between them. NOTE: CT, cooperative track; CTP, common tactical picture; ABMA, Army Ballistic Missile Agency; IFC, integrated fire control; CCID, coalition combat identification; COP, common operational picture; MP, mission plan; PNT, positioning, navigation, and timing; MC, mission control.
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From page 119... ...
Composable C2 requires a means for describing data, for establishing data dictionaries, and for identifying logically equivalent types of data10 XML provides these means and is the de facto standard used by modern service-oriented architectures; · Web Services Description Language (WSDL) to describe the interfaces to services.
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From page 120... ...
work flows from system-level work flows. Operational users can compose these rules at any time: during the workup of a force, during the deployment of a force, or in real time.
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From page 121... ...
There does not appear to be any commonality between XTCF and the ESB other than their use of commercial standards for Web services. Joint Coordinated Real-Time Engagement The objective of the JCRE, an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD)
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From page 122... ...
, which is being developed under the Net-Centric Capabilities Pilot program. The objective of the UDPC is to provide up-to-date, actionable information to decision makers.
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From page 123... ...
123 ce IO, old, het For to nse; Hear Joint Defe Susan enable presentation Missile to SOURCE: ACTD," Assets Assets orcesF Integrated procedures vice Forces.
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From page 124... ...
Middleware emerged in the early 1990s for purposes of integrating applications and moving information between them. Middleware automated the "plumbing" between applications, but it did not automate the system engineering that was required beforehand to determine how that plumbing should run from one application to the next.
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From page 125... ...
COMMAND-AND-CONTROL SYSTEMS 125 able language. The PSM is the PIM functionality combined with platform-specific interfaces and services.
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From page 126... ...
126 C4ISR FOR FUTURE NAVAL STRIKE GROUPS demonstrate that they can adapt the system to include a new UAV not in the design set within a 10 day period.12 The DARPA/IXO Joint Air/Ground Operations: Unified, Adaptive Replanning (JAGUAR) program is also using a model-based approach to achieve architectural agility.
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From page 127... ...
COMMAND-AND-CONTROL SYSTEMS 127 Key: Functions Inputs New tactics System Design and Integration Outputs Adaptor Models Context Plan Actual routes (weather, deviations and events SPINs ) Resources (platforms, Planner Monitor airspace)
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From page 128... ...
As operations become information-intensive, an inescapable consequence is the growing interaction, collaboration, and dependency among COIs, nodes, and systems. This is true within a strike group, among the components of a joint task force, and across the GIG.
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From page 129... ...
The U.S. Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM)
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From page 130... ...
) , in conjunction with the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfare Requirements and Programs (N6/N7)
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From page 131... ...
(or possibly the Joint Distributed Engineering Plant [JDEP]
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