Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation An Unmet Public Health Problem (2006) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 19-32
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From page 19... ...
The success of existing comprehensive academic Somnology and Sleep Medicine Programs offers evidence of the value of interdisciplinary approaches to patient care, education, research training, faculty development, and science. An interdisciplinary approach requires the coordinated and integrated effort of not only the major medical fields involved in sleep clinical care (internal medicine and its relevant subspecialties, pediatrics, neurology, psychiatry, psychology, and otolaryngology)
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1Somnology is the branch of science devoted to the study of the physiology of sleep, the behavioral dimensions of sleep, and the consequences of sleep loss and sleep disorders on an individual's and the general population's health, performance, safety, and quality of life. Sleep medicine is the branch of clinical medicine devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of individuals suffering from chronic sleep loss or sleep disorders.
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. Compared to healthy individuals, individuals with chronic sleep loss are less productive, have health care needs greater than the norm, and have an increased likelihood of injury; for example, it is estimated that there are 110,000 sleep-related injuries and 5,000 fatalities each year in motor vehicle crashes involving commercial trucks (CNTS, 1996)
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, professional societies and foundations have been established, including the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the Sleep Research Society, the American Sleep Apnea Association, the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation, and the National Sleep Foundation The field of somnology and sleep medicine has been marked by a number of milestones over the last 35 years. Sleep laboratories dedicated to the evaluation and management of sleep disorders have been established.
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Somnology: Somnology is the branch of science devoted to the study of the physiology of sleep, the behavioral dimensions of sleep, and the con sequences of sleep loss and sleep disorders on an individual's and the general population's health, performance, safety, and quality of life. Sleep medicine: Sleep medicine is a branch of clinical medicine de voted to the diagnosis and treatment of individuals suffering from chronic sleep loss or sleep disorders.
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. Consequently, the future outlook for somnology and sleep medicine is unclear.
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There are 151 researchers involved primarily in clinical sleep research, and 126 focus primarily on basic research projects. In 2004, of the top 30 academic institutions that received the greatest number of grants from the NIH, less than half had career development and training awards in somnology and sleep medicine, and only 17 had NIH-sponsored fellowships that were sleep related.
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Further, there is a need for improved treatments for individuals with chronic sleep loss and sleep disorders. For example, the most common treatment for sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure therapy, which requires an individual to wear a mask over the face while sleeping, has a low rate of compliance, between 45 to 70 percent (Kribbs et al., 1993)
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. Somnology and Sleep Medicine Is an Interdisciplinary Field The field of Somnology and Sleep Medicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field that is being forged from several existing sciences and medical specialties.
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, which, by themselves, are complex to treat. Despite the importance of early recognition and treatment, the primary focus of most existing sleep centers is on diagnosis, rather than on comprehensive care of sleep loss and sleep disorders as chronic conditions.
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Chapter 8 discusses the current investment by the NIH and the NCSDR and the potential role of a national somnology and sleep medicine research network for advancing therapeutic interventions for sleep loss and sleep disorders. Chapter 9 highlights the infrastructure of the field and proposes recommendations for developing academic programs in somnology and sleep medicine.
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barriers and opportunities for improving interdis ciplinary research and medical education and training in the area of sleep and sleep medicine; and (3) strategies for developing increased support for sleep medicine and sleep research in academic health centers.
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In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine.
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From page 32... ...
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 1(1)
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