Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics Foundation for the Future (2006) / Chapter Skim
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C R&T Challenges for Materials and Structures
C R&T Challenges for Materials and Structures
Pages 111-135
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From page 111... ...
The first class includes fiber-optic sensor weight, and maintenance downtime, as well as speeding the systems that can use multiplexed fibers attached to or emintroduction of new material systems and structural concepts. bedded in the structure, each with numerous multiphysics Real-time onboard sensor systems that monitor the actual sensing sites interrogated in turn by a single electro-optic state of materials and structural components enable more module.
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From page 112... ...
112 DECADAL SURVEY OF CIVIL AERONAUTICS TABLE C-1 Prioritization of R&T Challenges for Area C: Materials and Structures Strategic Objective Why NASA? t ce en e mn e y Risk orc y liti manro Sponsors S viron cturu of et E Perf Securit e astr nte ive e d Reliab th acep Level an S yt Infr Scor d d with ri Composi ity y an cy an tot Alignm ting Alternat y y Priol A of S ior icien A Pr erg uppor N Capacit Safet Eff En Synergies S onati uppor A S Mission Lack Appropriate y R&T Challenge Weight 1 5 3 1 Na /4 each Wh NAS C1 Integrated vehicle health 9 9 3 1 9 3 114 9 9 1 9 7.0 798 management C2 Adaptive materials and morphing 9 3 9 3 9 3 108 9 9 1 9 7.0 756 structures C3 Multidisciplinary analysis, design, 9 3 9 1 3 3 96 9 9 3 9 7.5 720 and optimization C4 Next-generation polymers and 9 3 9 1 9 3 102 9 9 1 9 7.0 714 composites C5 Noise prediction and suppression 9 1 3 9 3 1 90 9 9 3 9 7.5 677 C6a Innovative high-temperature metals 3 9 3 1 9 3 84 9 9 3 9 7.5 630 and environmental coatings C6b Innovative load suppression, and vibration and aeromechanical 3 9 3 1 9 3 84 9 9 3 9 7.5 630 stability control C8 Structural innovations for high-speed 9 1 3 1 9 1 72 9 9 3 9 7.5 540 rotorcraft C9 High-temperature ceramics and 3 1 9 3 3 9 68 9 9 3 9 7.5 510 coatings C10 Multifunctional materials 3 3 9 3 9 9 84 3 9 3 9 6.0 504 C11 Novel coatings 3 9 3 3 1 1 80 3 9 3 9 6.0 480 C12 Innovations in structural joining 3 3 9 1 3 3 66 3 9 3 9 6.0 396 C13 Advanced airframe alloys 9 1 9 1 3 1 84 1 3 1 9 3.5 294 C14 Next-generation nondestructive 3 9 1 1 3 1 70 3 9 1 3 4.0 280 evaluation C15 Aircraft hardening 1 9 1 1 9 1 66 3 3 1 9 4.0 264 C16 Multiphysics and multiscale modeling 3 3 3 3 3 1 52 3 3 3 3 3.0 156 and simulation C17 Ultralight structures 3 1 3 1 3 3 38 3 9 1 3 4.0 152 C18 Advanced functional polymers 1 3 1 1 3 1 30 9 3 3 3 4.5 135 C19 Advanced engine nacelle structures 3 1 3 1 1 1 34 1 9 1 3 3.5 119 C20 Repairability of structures 3 3 3 1 1 1 44 3 3 1 3 2.5 110
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From page 113... ...
: This Challenge will inting a variety of sensor systems onboard aircraft along with crease structural efficiency, which could save energy and the artificial intelligence that automatically interprets the thus reduce environmental effects, but overall, the impact is various sensor output streams to provide input to prognostic indirect. systems that then assess structural integrity and makes life Synergies with National and Homeland Security (9)
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From page 114... ...
This includes providing new opportunities to expand commitment related to this Challenge is also evident. wing area on demand, providing local flow control devices Appropriate Level of Risk (9)
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From page 115... ...
Lack of Alternative Sponsors (1) : Morphing structures · Develop analysis and design tools that account for and and adaptive materials are currently being studied by accurately predict nonlinear behaviors of adaptive ma- academia and the DoD.
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From page 116... ...
The facturability, cost, repair, and environmental impact, are selsystematic inclusion of the effects of uncertainty, whether in dom represented in the design process. These analysis tools loading, material behavior, or mission requirements, yields a must be developed at multiple levels of granularity and prerational approach for quantifying the risk associated with a cision, to coincide with the appropriate stage of the design certain design and allow for meaningful study of trade-offs process.
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From page 117... ...
. Key milestones include Supporting Infrastructure (9)
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From page 118... ...
Key milestones include Lack of Alternative Sponsors (1) : DoD funded the first generation of composite materials, although it is not cur · Demonstrate fabrication of composites with multiple rently funding basic composites research.
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From page 119... ...
according to the fan operating conditions to maximize noise reduction. Similar concepts can be applied to airframe noise Relevance to Strategic Objectives suppression, where smart morphing structures could be integrated with noise reduction devices installed on aircraft high- Capacity (9)
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From page 120... ...
These tools would then be applied, in concert with industry, to the development of innovative propulsion materials. Typically, substrate materials Relevance to Strategic Objectives are developed separately from environmental coatings and Capacity (3)
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From page 121... ...
C6b Innovative load suppression, and vibration and aeromechanical stability control Relevance to Strategic Objectives Because the aerodynamic environment surrounding an aircraft is unsteady, the aircraft experiences significant vi- Capacity (3) : This Challenge would help increase paybratory loads that need to be either isolated or absorbed to load and expand the flight envelope.
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From page 122... ...
· Reduce required shaft power by 15 percent from current Lack of Alternative Sponsors (3) : Prediction and under- levels using elastically tailored composite blades, active standing of vibration and aeromechanical stability is already structural and flow control, and advanced airfoils.
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From page 123... ...
Oxide but the Army will not investigate issues related to civil composites deriving damage tolerance from highly porous applications. matrices have been commercialized, and other systems with Appropriate Level of Risk (9)
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From page 124... ...
Lack of Alternative Sponsors (3) : DoD continues to supFar-term milestones include port relevant research.
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From page 125... ...
structural components as an add-on technology. This is a broad Challenge that may enable visionary con cepts in aircraft design and improve structural efficiency and Relevance to Strategic Objectives safety.
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From page 126... ...
Key milestones include structural joints. However, to make substantial progress, such as a 50 percent reduction in structural weight fraction, and to · Develop more durable, environmentally stable formu enable the widespread use of new joining methods, an initia lations for novel coatings that can survive in an aircraft tive to develop a rigorous, all-encompassing simulation of environment.
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From page 127... ...
a small, indirect impact on this Objective via improved struc The ability to model complex phase fields, microstructural efficiency. tures, and materials processing and to estimate the full gamut Synergies with National and Homeland Security (3)
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From page 128... ...
: Within NASA, the core Advanced titanium alloys can exploit the meltless processing metallurgical expertise has not been refreshed as people left approach to enable very fine-grained structure with superb fa the organization and the emphasis shifted to composite airtigue strength. Key milestones include frame structural materials.
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From page 129... ...
setup. Key milestones include Mission Alignment (9)
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From page 130... ...
; health encompass computational modeling of interdisciplinary sysmonitoring sensors; and highly durable, fire-resistant com tems at multiple spatial and temporal scales (e.g., by finiteposite structures. Key milestones include element methods, molecular dynamics, and ab initio meth ods)
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From page 131... ...
ing, and data analysis techniques are also critical to the success of this Challenge. Key milestones include Why NASA?
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From page 132... ...
A new initiative is needed to integrate these concepts and the associated design and analysis technologies, along C18 Advanced functional polymers with the substantiating test data, to enable robust, ultralight Polymers that adapt their properties or alter their form weight airframe structures for commercial transport applica in response to a change in their environment are known as tions. Key milestones include functional or stimuli-responsive materials.
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From page 133... ...
milestones include Energy and the Environment (1) : Advanced functional polymers may provide some energy-harvesting capabilities, · Define the attributes of new design concepts for nabut the impact on noise, emissions, environmental hazards, celles that reduce weight and engine noise based on and development of alternative fuels is minimal.
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From page 134... ...
Mission Alignment (9) : This Challenge is very relevant Relevance to Strategic Objectives to NASA's mission to improve aircraft performance.
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From page 135... ...
: 919-939. Lack of Alternative Sponsors (1)
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