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Asbestos Selected Cancers (2006) / Chapter Skim
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9 Esophageal Cancer and Asbestos
Pages 193-202

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From page 193...
... will occur in the United States in 2006. Esophageal cancer ranks 19th in numbers of cases of cancer in the United States and sixth in developing countries (Kleihues and Stewart 2003)
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From page 194...
... In regions extending from Iran through the steppes of Central Asia, Mongolia, and the northern portion of China, cancer frequencies are 10100 times higher than in the countries at lowest risk. Squamous-cell carcinoma still predominates in the areas of high endemic risk, whereas adenocarcinoma now makes up about 50% of all cases in the low-risk areas of the United States, Europe, South Africa, Southeast Asia, and Japan.
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From page 195...
... . b For studies that reported dose-response relationship on multiple gradient metrics, smallest "high vs none" RR was used to compute lower bound, and largest "high vs none" RR was used in computing the upper bound.
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From page 196...
... Summary 95% Interval 0.01 0.1 0.25 0.5 1 2 3 5 7 10 Relative Risk FIGURE 9.2 Cohort studies: RR of esophageal cancer in people with "any" exposure to asbestos compared with people who report no exposure. Few studies presented data explicitly on esophageal cancer, because of its rarity.
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From page 197...
... 0.01 0.1 0.25 0.5 1 2 3 5 7 10 Relative Risk FIGURE 9.3 Cohort studies: RRs of esophageal cancer among people in extreme exposure category compared with those with none ( = more than one exposure gradient reported in citation, so the plot contains both highest and lowest estimates of risk for extreme category over all gradients)
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From page 198...
... One of the 21 people with esophageal cancer cases had pleural plaques vs 0.35 expected. EVIDENCE INTEGRATION AND CONCLUSION Evidence Considered Both case-control and cohort studies of esophageal cancer were reviewed.
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From page 199...
... Major risk factors for this type of esophageal cancer are reflux, obesity, achalasia, and tobacco-smoking. Although the combination of asbestos exposure and tobacco-smoking is an established risk factor for lung cancer, there is no
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From page 200...
... British Journal of Industrial Medicine 45(1)
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From page 201...
... British Journal of Industrial Medicine 44(3)
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From page 202...
... 1979. Mortality experience of insulation workers in the United States and Canada, 1943-1976.
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Key Terms

  • cohort studies
  • asbestos exposure
  • extreme exposure
  • exposure assessment
  • asbestos compared

  • insulation workers
  • exposure gradient
  • plot contains
  • studies reviewed
  • mortality experience

  • asbestos factory
  • gradient reported
  • lowest estimates
  • extreme category
  • relative risk

  • risk factors
  • assess exposure
  • occupational exposure
  • work exposure
  • exposure category

  • historical cohort
  • cohort mortality
  • former crocidolite
  • exposureresponse gradients
  • usable information

  • shipyard workers
  • international journal
  • amosite asbestos
  • upper bound
  • factory workers


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