Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals (2006) / Chapter Skim
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7 Research Agenda
7 Research Agenda
Pages 238-256
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From page 238... ...
7 Research Agenda INTRODUCTION With the growth of biomonitoring to include more investigations, more chemicals, and expanded population sampling, the challenges of interpretation are increasingly evident. What does science tell the nursing mother when she learns that she has a large number of chemicals in her breast milk, all at relatively low concentrations?
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RESEARCH AGENDA 239 data. In another example, data on serum cotinine, a biomarker of exposure to second-hand smoke, showed that serum cotinine in U.S.
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240 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS Priority Setting among Biomarkers for Development Finding: There has not been a coordinated and consistent public health-based strategy for selecting how chemicals are included in or excluded from biomonitoring studies. There is a need for a consis tent rationale for selecting chemicals for study based on exposure and public-health concerns.
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RESEARCH AGENDA 241 cluding the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , EPA, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
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242 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS this framework and to understand the public-health implications of the data, coordinated research is needed to increase the use of biomonitoring in epidemiologic studies, to expand toxicologic studies to incorporate the collection of biomonitoring data and foster the development of pharmacokinetic models, and to incorporate exposure assessment in biomonitoring studies. Each is discussed below.
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RESEARCH AGENDA 243 between high-priority biomarkers and health outcomes, both prospectively and retrospectively. The committee also recognizes that population-based biomonitoring studies complement the national strategy of public-health tracking and the links between environmental exposures and public health.
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244 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS studies (for example, mercury in the general population comes primarily from fish ingestion) ; for others, however, it may be largely unknown.
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RESEARCH AGENDA 245 of chemicals to which the population in the CDC biomonitoring study is exposed. Animal bioassays should be developed to assess the combined effects of chemical mixtures that are commonly found in human tissues (e.g., NTP 1993a; NTP 1993b; Yang 1994)
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246 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS munication materials will help to evaluate their efficacy, and determine the extent to which beliefs about causal linkages are accurately reflected in them. Alternative messages about biomonitoring, especially those concerning the deep uncertainties in the field, should be informed by research on people's beliefs and on how people communicate.
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RESEARCH AGENDA 247 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS TO IMPLEMENT RESEARCH AGENDA The current infrastructure to support research recommendations discussed previously is severely limited. Improvements in the research-related infrastructure are needed to support these recommendations and to enhance the value of the biomonitoring activities described in preceding chapters.
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248 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS the most extensive biomonitoring survey of the U.S. population available, lists only 148 analytes, reflecting a partial representation of potential exposures, many of which are not discretely listed in the GAO report.
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RESEARCH AGENDA 249 · Creating consensus recommendations for good laboratory practices associated with clinical-sample analysis for environmental and occupational medicine. · Making recommendations to increase the availability of isotopically labeled analogues of target chemicals, such as taking advantage of the extensive use of labeled chemicals in CDC's analytic program.1 · Developing a plan to increase the available array of biomonitoringrelevant analytic reference materials (human samples containing chemicals at known concentrations appropriate for environmental or occupational medicine)
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250 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS the U.S. population.
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RESEARCH AGENDA 251 Maximizing the Utility of Collected Human Samples Chapter 4 outlines the steps associated with designing and executing a biomonitoring study. The costs associated with assembling and characterizing a population for study, securing informed consent, and collecting human specimens are substantial.
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252 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS TABLE 7-1 Summary of Major Points in Research Agenda Research Recommendations 1. Develop a coordinated strategy for biomarker development and population biomonitoring based on the potential for population exposure and public-health concerns.
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RESEARCH AGENDA 253 REFERENCES APHL (Association of Public Health Laboratories)
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254 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS NCS (National Children's Study)
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RESEARCH AGENDA 255 Yang, R.S.H., A.N. Mayeno, K.H.
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