Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals (2006) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix B Additional Case Studies Used to Exemplify Interpretative Approaches Described in Chapter 5
Appendix B Additional Case Studies Used to Exemplify Interpretative Approaches Described in Chapter 5
Pages 263-277
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 263... ...
Appendix B Additional Case Studies Used to Exemplify Interpretative Approaches Described in Chapter 5 ADDITIONAL CASE STUDIES Chapter 5 describes a variety of approaches for interpreting biomonitoring results, ranging from direct application of biomarker-response relationships found in epidemiologic studies to physiologically based pharmokinetic (PBPK) modeling based on animal data.
|
From page 264... ...
264 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS delic acid, and the workplace air concentration has been developed (ACGIH 1991)
|
From page 265... ...
APPENDIX B 265 Case Example of Biomonitoring-Results Interpretation Based on Biomarker-Effect Relationship Developed in Epidemiologic Studies: Methylmercury In addition to the lead example presented in Chapter 5, the work done with methylmercury is an important illustration of the great utility of biomarker-effects data from human studies. The EPA's risk assessment of methylmercury is based on such data generated in prospective epidemiologic research on effects of in utero exposure and adverse postnatal neuropsychologic sequelae (NRC 2000; Rice et al.
|
From page 266... ...
266 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS strongest association with the effects in the study where it was analyzed (Grandjean et al.
|
From page 267... ...
APPENDIX B 267 and Bolger 2002) have shown that some species of fish may be the most important source of methyl-mercury exposure; this presents a potential for intervention and future lowering of biomonitored concentrations.
|
From page 268... ...
268 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS risk assessment was based on differs in some way from the biomonitored population. Other caveats apply case by case.
|
From page 269... ...
APPENDIX B 269 same concentration in all lipid compartments of the body. The resulting body burden undergoes a daily loss at a rate based on its elimination via renal or, in the case of TCDD, hepatic (metabolic)
|
From page 270... ...
270 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS support for the idea that the higher the TCDD body burden, the shorter the half-life, because TCDD induces the CYP1A family of enzymes through which it is metabolized (Carrier et al.
|
From page 271... ...
APPENDIX B 271 refinements in both the pharmacokinetic modeling and exposure pathway analyses may help to narrow the range of estimated doses. A more detailed seven-compartment human PBPK model for chlorpyrifos was calibrated against pharmacokinetic data in human subjects (Timchalk et al.
|
From page 272... ...
272 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS mation (TCE concentration, sampling time, and exposure duration)
|
From page 273... ...
APPENDIX B 273 60 50 ation 40 30 Concentr 20 Blood 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time (hr) FIGURE B-2 Time course for VOC concentrations in blood after a bolus dose.
|
From page 274... ...
274 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS sampling events (for example, samples collected in a clinic away from the home environment and thus several hours away from exposure sources) , the more refined the dose prediction.
|
From page 275... ...
APPENDIX B 275 Emond, C, J.E. Michalek, L.S.
|
From page 276... ...
276 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS Migliore, L., A Naccarati, A
|
From page 277... ...
APPENDIX B 277 Vyskocil, A., S Emminger, F
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.