Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals (2006) / Chapter Skim
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3 Framework to Characterize Biomarkers and Uses of Biomonitoring
3 Framework to Characterize Biomarkers and Uses of Biomonitoring
Pages 71-83
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From page 71... ...
But the fact is that the numbers of studies, subjects, and substances determined in human biomonitoring are increasing (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) , as is the awareness of the general public of those chemicals in our bodies (e.g., Sexton et al.
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From page 72... ...
Detailed information about the interpretation of biomonitoring data is provided in Chapter 5. The present chapter focuses on the properties that characterize biomarkers of exposure in general.
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From page 73... ...
. KEY USES OF BIOMONITORING DATA Biomonitoring has been a key tool in some landmark public-health actions.
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From page 74... ...
74 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS an important pathway of exposure to chemicals contained in tobacco smoke and that control policies reduced exposure was a key step in the success of the public-health strategy related to smoking (active and passive)
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From page 75... ...
The biomonitoring data may be utilized to assess potential sources of exposure when combined with pathways research. Biomonitoring data can be used to support exposure and health research.
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From page 76... ...
As indicated above, the body of knowledge about a given biomarker of exposure can be variable, and the interpretation of a biomarker concentration will depend on this body of knowledge. A framework (see Table 3-1)
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From page 77... ...
77 VII R R socioeco risk ing health. I for of V R O O O includ assessment ation Potential alter Group factors, V R RR effect.
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While this approach is not typically used in population biomonitoring studies, the finding of hundreds of unidentified peaks in human adipose tissue potentially of xenobiotic origin (Thornton et al.
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From page 79... ...
The latter is important additional information in that it increases one's confidence, when using information on such biomarkers, that the greater the concentration of the biomarker, the greater the dose received. However, because the information is available only from animal studies, an external dose to humans cannot be inferred from biomarker concentration information.
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From page 80... ...
For group V biomarkers, the relationship between concentration-internal dose -- and the toxicity of the parent chemical has been established and it is therefore usually possible to determine a biomarker concentration below which no toxicity is observed. Consequently, it is possible to predict the likelihood of toxicity associated with the parent chemical in a person or in a community.
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From page 81... ...
The committee considers that biomarker selection should account for metabolism and be both biologically significant and relevant to the outcomes of concern. For example, a crosssectional survey based on a single measurement of a rapidly metabolized chemical may provide limited or even misleading information concerning true population exposure levels.
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From page 82... ...
· Biomonitoring study design should consider absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination in selection of appropriate biomarkers to address the goals of research and surveillance. REFERENCES Bernard, A., and R
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From page 83... ...
2004. Human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Measuring chemicals in human tissue is the "gold standard" for assessing the people's exposure to pollution.
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