Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity How Do We Measure Up? (2007) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-31
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From page 17... ...
. The report emphasized an urgent need for collective responsibility and concerted actions to be undertaken by multiple stakeholders across different sectors -- including the federal government, state and local governments, communities, schools, industry, media, and families -- to address the evolving childhood obesity epidemic by preventing children and youth who are currently at a healthy weight2 from developing a body mass index (BMI)
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Given the numerous changes being implemented throughout the nation to improve the dietary quality and extent of physical activity for children and youth, an overarching assessment of progress in preventing childhood obesity necessitates both the tracking of trends across the nation and a more detailed examination of lessons learned through the evaluations of relevant interventions, policies, and programs. Evaluation is the basis for identifying effective interventions that can then be scaled up to statewide or nationwide efforts as well as ineffective interventions that can be refined or replaced with efforts that are shown to be more promising as a result of evidence-based analyses.
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STUDY BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Subsequent to the release of the Health in the Balance report, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation requested that IOM conduct a study to assess the nation's progress in preventing childhood obesity and to engage in a dissemination effort promoting the implementation of the report's findings and recommendations through three symposia held in different regions of the country. The dual purpose of convening each symposium was to begin to galvanize obesity prevention efforts among local, state, and national decision makers; community and school leaders; health care providers; public health professionals; corporate leaders; and grassroots community-based organizations, as well as to apprise the committee of the experiences and insights of the broad variety of partnerships and activities related to preventing childhood obesity throughout the nation.
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NOTE: Other relevant factors that influence obesity prevention interventions are culture and acculturation; biobehavioral interactions; and social, political, and historical contexts. See Figure 2-1 in Chapter 2.
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Approximately 90 individuals who are active in childhood obesity prevention efforts in the Midwest and who represented a range of stakeholder perspectives and innovative practices in the school setting participated in the symposium, including teachers, students, principals, health educators, dietitians, state and federal health and education officials, food service providers, community leaders, industry representatives, and academic researchers. The discussion at the symposium focused on exploring the barriers and opportunities for sustaining and evaluating promising practices for creating a healthy school environment (Appendix F)
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Recognizing that the health of individuals is closely linked to the consumer marketplace and the messages disseminated by the media, this symposium focused on the specific IOM report recommendations for stakeholders within industry and the media to explore the roles and responsibilities of the many relevant industries in encouraging and promoting healthy lifestyles for children, youth, and their families. Approximately 90 individuals active in childhood obesity prevention efforts and representing a range of stakeholder perspectives -- representatives from food, beverage, and restaurant companies; marketing firms; physical activity and entertainment companies; the media; community leaders; health care professionals; public health educators; foundation leaders; state and federal government officials; researchers; and consumer advocates -- participated in the symposium (Appendix H)
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The committee members, workshop presenters, consultants, and IOM staff also supplied references that were considered for this report. Scope of the Report This report summarizes the findings of the regional meetings; provides an evaluation framework for assessing progress in childhood obesity prevention efforts for different sectors, settings, and contexts; assesses progress on the specific recommendations presented in the Health in the Balance report; and offers recommendations on expanding evaluation efforts and utilizing evaluation results to support and inform future childhood obesity prevention efforts in the United States.
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By 2004, seven states had adult obesity prevalence rates of 15 to 19 percent, 33 states had adult obesity rates of 20 to 24 percent, and nine states had adult obesity rates of 25 percent or greater (CDC, 2005a)
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estimated the increases in obesity-attributable health care spending from 1987 to 2001 and found that increases in obesity prevalence alone accounted for 12 percent of the growth in health care spending. Increases in the proportion of and spending for obese adults relative to the proportion of and spending for normal weight adults ac
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However, these efforts are not being consistently evaluated thereby limiting the opportunity to learn from them. The opportunity and the responsibility at hand are the development of a robust evidence base that can be used to deepen and broaden childhood obesity prevention efforts.
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. Of 13,000 reports that described programs to promote healthy weight in children, only 500 provided adequate information about their implementation to identify promising practices.
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The committee introduces an evaluation framework for childhood obesity prevention in Chapter 2 and provides a detailed examination of the key issues relevant to assessing the broad range of pertinent short-term, intermediate, and longterm outcomes. Chapter 2 also provides the committee's recommendations, which are further discussed with specific details on implementation steps in the remainder of the chapters.
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From page 29... ...
• Appropriate amounts and types of physical activity • Achieving physical, psychosocial, and cognitive growth and developmental goals Because it may take a number of years to achieve and sustain these goals, intermediate goals are needed to assess progress toward re ducing the rates of obesity through policy and system changes. Ex amples include: • Increased numbers of children who safely walk and bike to school • Improved access to and affordability of fruits and vegetables for low-income populations • Increased availability and use of community recreational facilities • Increased play and physical activity opportunities • Increased numbers of new industry products and advertising messages that promote energy balance at a healthy weight • Increased availability and affordability of healthful foods and beverages at su permarkets, grocery stores, and farmers' markets located within walking dis tance of the communities that they serve • Changes in institutional and environmental policies that promote energy balance SOURCE: IOM (2005)
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Focus area 19. In: Healthy People 2010, Volume II, 2nd ed.
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2005. Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance.
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