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Appendix B Glossary
Pages 372-389

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From page 372...
... B Glossary Accountability The systematic inclusion of the elements of program planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation to achieve program goals and results. Active Living A way of life that integrates physical activity into daily routines.
From page 373...
... Behavioral Outcomes Behavioral changes made by individuals or populations that affect diet and physical activity levels and that enhance health. These may include increasing physical activity levels, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, balancing caloric intakes and expenditures, reducing television viewing time, and increasing breastfeeding rates.
From page 374...
... A coalition can have individual, group, institutional, community, or public policy goals. Cognitive Outcomes Changes in an individual's knowledge, awareness, beliefs, and attitudes about the importance of healthy diets and regular physical activity to reduce the risk of obesity and related chronic diseases.
From page 375...
... 375 APPENDIX B Collaboration can range from informal ad hoc activities to more planned, organized, and formalized ways of working together. Collective Efficacy The willingness of community members to look out for each other and intervene when problems arise.
From page 376...
... Cultural Competence The ability of individuals to consider ethnic, racial and cultural aspects in all dimensions of their work relative to obesity prevention and population health programs and interventions. Cultural competence is optimized when program staff involve clients or recipients in all phases of a program, from planning to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.
From page 377...
... Environmental Justice Efforts that address the disproportionate exposure to harmful environmental conditions by low-income and minority communities. Environmental Outcomes Changes that create a health-promoting environment, including access to healthful foods and beverages; opportunities for physical activity; changes in the commercial marketplace, including the media; and changes in the built environment, including schools, the transportation system, recreational facilities and opportunities, and food retail outlets.
From page 378...
... For obesity prevention programs, fidelity is the degree of fit between the planned intervention and its actual implementation in a given institutional or community setting. Focus Group A research method whereby a moderator convenes a group of participants who often have common characteristics (e.g., age, gender, or ethnicity)
From page 379...
... Healthful Diet For children and adolescents, a healthful diet provides recommended amounts of nutrients and other food components within estimated energy requirements to promote normal growth and development, a healthy weight trajectory, and energy balance. A healthful diet is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and reduces the longterm risk for obesity and related chronic diseases associated with aging, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
From page 380...
... An example of an institutional outcome is the development or expansion of a company's employee wellness program to incorporate obesity prevention into its activities. Integrated Marketing A planning process designed to ensure that all promotional activities, including media advertising, direct mail, sales promotion, and public relations, produce a unified, customer-focused promotion message that is relevant to a customer and that is consistent over time.
From page 381...
... 381 APPENDIX B Life Course Perspective How health status at any given age or for a given birth cohort reflects both contemporary conditions and prior living circumstances, from the time in utero throughout the life course. A life course perspective acknowledges that over time individuals have developmental trajectories (both biological and social)
From page 382...
... 382 PROGRESS IN PREVENTING CHILDHOOD OBESITY National School Lunch Program The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a federally funded meal program established in 1946 that operates in public and nonprofit private schools and residential child-care institutions.
From page 383...
... Output The direct products of activities; usually, a tangible deliverable produced as a result of an activity. Examples of outputs include the number of people reached, the number of sessions conducted, the number of volunteers engaged, or the amount of educational materials distributed.
From page 384...
... Promising Practice An intervention that is likely to reduce childhood obesity and that has been reasonably well evaluated but for which there is a lack of sufficient evidence to provide a level of certainty that the intervention may be linked to reducing the incidence or prevalence of childhood obesity and related comorbidities. Promotion The means by which a business or company communicates with its target audience or customers to inform, persuade, or influence customers' purchase decisions.
From page 385...
... A socially defined population based on visible and genetically transmitted physical characteristics. Randomized Controlled Trial A study design in which a group of patients is randomized into an experimental group and a control group.
From page 386...
... Screen Time The number of hours that a child or adolescent spends watching various types of electronic media (e.g., broadcast and cable television, video, digital video disc, movie, or computer) per day, week, month, or year.
From page 387...
... Social Norms A set of beliefs and behaviors characteristic of a group, community, or society. Social Outcomes Changes in social attitudes and norms that are related to dietary and physical activity behaviors that support healthy lifestyles.
From page 388...
... Technical Assistance Services provided by program staff that are intended to provide guidance to individuals, institutions, or communities to conduct, strengthen, or enhance obesity prevention activities, such as implementing, monitoring, or evaluating programs and interventions. Technical Capacity The specific expertise or skills required for program planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.
From page 389...
... 389 APPENDIX B media spending includes activities such as sales promotions, coupons, direct mail, catalogs, and special events, and is not systematically tracked. Upstream The determinants of health that are removed from the biological and behavioral bases for disease, including social relations, neighborhoods and communities, institutions, and social and economic policies.


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