Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity How Do We Measure Up? (2007) / Chapter Skim
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From page 449... ...
See Childhood and adolescent 413, 418 obesity; Children and youth health promotion, 191-193, 251 Adults. See also Parents and caregivers in-store merchandising and promotion diabetes, 26 activities, 184, 191 obesity risk and prevalence, 24, 25, 83, integrated marketing, 172, 193, 196, 112 380 Advergames, 196 Internet, 190, 196 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)
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See also Diverse 290, 332-333, 399 populations; High-risk populations; obesity trends, 74, 77-78 Race/ethnicity surveillance and monitoring initiatives, diabetes, 79 98, 262, 263 interventions for, 93, 95-96, 97, 128, American Marketing Association, 195 202, 236-237, 298-299, 332, 333, American Public Health Association, 237 337, 400 American School Health Association, 305 obesity trends, 74, 76, 77, 79, 83 Arizona, 26, 122, 265, 282, 305 socioeconomic status, 82, 83 Arkansas, 140, 142, 185, 282, 283, 287, surveillance and monitoring initiatives, 303, 304, 335 98 Asians/Pacific Islanders. See also Diverse Afterschool Alliance, 299 populations; High-risk populations; Age Race/ethnicity and brand recognition, 175 obesity trends, 74, 77, 78-79, 85 and child obesity trends, 24, 25, 76 programs targeting, 128 and diabetes, 79-80 surveillance and monitoring initiatives, and effectiveness of family-based 98, 144 programs, 334 Assessment, defined, 372.
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Community Health facilities, 242, 244, 245, 257, 264 Collaborative, 241-242, 243 recommendations, 115, 239-240 Bike, Walk, and Wheel Week, 245 research needs, 115, 116 Black Entertainment Television (BET) safety considerations, 62, 64-65, 230, Foundation, 202 233-234, 244, 246, 298 Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, school siting, 112 250 smart growth initiatives, 140, 244, 245, Body mass index 263 collective efficacy of communities and, spatial mapping technologies, 248, 265 234-235 266, 270, 419 comorbidities, 144 surveillance and monitoring, 261, 263 defined, 373-374 transportation issues, 244, 247 distribution trends, 76, 77-78, 234-235 walking and biking opportunities, 112, ethnicity and, 77-79, 83, 85 139, 140, 244, 245, 246, 254, 255, obesity definition, 17 n.1, 374 261, 264, 298 as outcome measure, 128, 210, 211, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 262 212, 250, 253 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 174 n.4 report card, 66 Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 131, school screening, 138, 140, 283, 287, 261 303-304 socioeconomic status and, 83 surveys, 50, 77, 130-131, 390-391 C Body weight healthy, 17 n.2, 379 California management programs, 94, 251 Adolescent Nutrition and Fitness survey data, 130-131, 143, 390-393 Program, 51 Border Health Strategic Initiative, 241 BMI screening in schools, 304 Boy Scouts, 284 Center for Public Health Advocacy, 51, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, 202, 236, 263 284 Department of Education, 263 Branding and brand recognition, 175-176, Department of Health Services, 54, 153, 184, 189-190, 196, 197-199, 212, 250 216, 290, 373 enhancements to built environment, 245 Breastfeeding, 338, 390-393 Fit WIC program, 122, 239, 333
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, 122, 403 Carol M White Physical Education Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Program Grants, 296-297, 401 Act of 2004, 119, 284-286, 290, Carolina Population Center, 390-391 328, 405 CATCH Kids Club, 298 Child Nutrition Labeling Program, 402 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Childhood and adolescent obesity.
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See also individual framework for evaluation, 61, 253-254, coalitions 255-256 Cochrane Database, 23, 337 funding, 115, 117, 153, 201, 231, 238, Collaboration, defined, 48 n.7, 372-375 239-241, 245, 246, 247, 258-259, Collective efficacy and, 89, 100, 234-235, 269, 297, 416 267, 375 gardens and markets, 93, 247, 248, 250Colorado, 127, 245 251, 254, 256 Communities of Excellence in Nutrition, by health providers and organizations, Physical Activity, and Obesity 229, 231, 237, 241, 249-252 Prevention (CX3) database, 153 healthy communities movement, 241 Community-based strategies.
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program, 135, 296, 298 Diet Coordinated School Health program, 397 balanced, 373 Coordination of activities socioeconomic status and, 82 defined, 48 n.7, 375 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 118-119, of federal prevention activities, 117, 121-122, 130, 131, 183, 197, 198, 129, 134-135, 148-150, 156, 402 199, 206, 344, 376, 339, 404 of funding for programs, 148-150 Dietary intake incentives and rewards for, 159 consumer estimates of, 357 recommendations and implementations evaluation of, 289 actions, 156 measuring, 62, 63-64, 314 of research activities, 134-135, 148, 149 parental work experience and children's of state prevention activities, 140-142 intakes, 329 of surveillance and monitoring, 132, 144
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455 INDEX state initiatives, 136 Eating disorders, 42 surveys, 143, 158, 390-393 Economic costs of obesity, 25-26 Dietary interventions Education. See Public education community-based, 238 Electronic media.
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456 INDEX checklists, 286 leadership assessment, 45, 146, 148-150, community-academic partnerships, 56, 210 241, 259-260 measuring dietary patterns and activity community-based participatory studies, behaviors, 62, 63-64 57, 89, 99, 234, 241, 248, 257, 258 measuring program implementation, 119 contextual factors, 5, 7, 32, 36, 37, 42, methodological approaches, 57-60, 92, 55, 60, 69, 375; see also Diverse 98-99, 236, 238, 245, 293 populations mixed-method design, 59-60, 68 cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness multiple ongoing efforts, 36, 46 analysis, 55, 376 multisectoral approach, 8, 37 cost-utility analysis, 376 natural experiments, 266-267, 382 cultural considerations, 9, 36, 37, 70, opportunity-capacity gap, 39-41 96-99, 157, 258, 414-417 outcomes, 27, 36, 37, 39, 50-55, 59, 61, data collection and analysis, 36, 49, 57- 62, 97, 123, 125, 146, 210-211, 215, 58, 66, 98-99, 142, 238, 261-264 305, 383 defined, 3, 26, 33, 377-378 overview and definitions, 33-39 demonstration projects, 93-94, 95, 239- performance measures, 64 240 pilot programs, 38, 41, 116, 122, 123, determinants of progress, 144-146, 205- 142, 198, 239, 245, 298 207, 252-253, 306-309, 337-338 policy implementation tracking, 49-50, developing interventions, 62, 64-65, 70 59, 61, 66, 146, 305 dietary intakes, 289 population-wide, 63, 68 dissemination of results, 10-11, 14, 36, preintervention/postintervention 37-38, 64, 68, 70, 120, 126, 129, comparisons, 59, 238, 241-242, 260 158, 219-220, 238, 267-268, 269, process-type, 36, 37, 48-49, 58, 93, 123, 270, 314-315, 416, 419, 421, 422 125, 128, 258, 384 experimental and quasiexperimental public private partnerships, 258-259 approaches, 59 purposes, 2-3, 8, 18, 26, 33, 35-36 external validity, 97 qualitative methods/measures, 58, 96-97, fidelity of assessment, 39, 378 99, 123, 206, 258 formative-type, 36, 37, 48-49, 55, 56- quantitative methods/measures, 206-207 57, 124-125, 198, 244, 335, 378 recommendations, 7-12, 69-70, 153 funding and technical assistance support 154, 157, 412-422 for, 8, 26-27, 28, 38, 41, 42, 62, 64, report cards, 66, 90, 146, 147-148, 265 69, 119, 125, 214, 219, 247, 258- research support, 8, 46, 67-68, 150 259, 266, 269, 387, 416 resource and input assessments, 5, 42, guidelines, 42, 44, 154, 257, 259 45-46, 60-61, 121, 127, 209-211, health impact assessments, 66, 264, 379 240, 266-267 health promotion advertising initiatives, review of current efforts, 27 192, 193, 209, 210, 211, 215 scope and complexity, 3-4, 34 impact evaluation, 380 selection criteria, 36-37, 97, 182 implementation actions, 9-10, 157 social determinants of health and, 81 importance, 3, 18, 32, 34 spatial mapping technologies and, 265 incentives for, 315 266 indicators of progress, 33-34, 42, 45-46, of strategy development and 64, 66, 67, 68, 93-94, 99, 128-129, implementation 48-50, 56-61, 209, 206-207, 213-213, 257, 265, 380 210-211 input measures, 146, 210, 211 subgroup analyses, 98 intermediate goals and, 97 surveillance and monitoring, 1, 8, 39, internal validity, 97 50, 62, 63, 66-67, 125, 130, 238, issues and challenges in design, 62-69, 261-264, 291-293 96-99
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See also Public health task force, 12, 119-120, 134-135, 137, programs; individual departments 139, 148, 152, 156, 400 and agencies technical assistance from, 109, 127, 128, accountability, 145-146 153, 213 advertising oversight, 168, 195-197, Federal Highway Administration, 131, 245, 214, 216 261 capacity-building activities, 9-10, 56-57, Federal Interagency Working Group on 113, 117, 126-129, 146, 150-151, Overweight and Obesity, 134, 155, 153, 157, 237, 396, 402, 405 404 context for congressional action, 112-113 Federal Trade Commission, 116, 117, 118, coordination of activities, 117, 129, 130, 156, 168, 170, 195-197, 215, 134-135, 148-150, 155, 156, 402 216, 402, 405, 412 determinants of success, 145, 146 50 Schools in 50 States Initiative, 401 evaluation of programs, 9-10, 119, 120, Filipinos, 79 121, 123, 124-126, 128, 130, 131, Fit City Madison, 243 145-146, 153-154, 155-156, 157, Fit, Healthy, and Ready to Learn, 286 216, 396-405 Fit WIC, 122, 239, 331, 333, 403 funding and expenditures for programs, Fitness 117, 120-126, 127, 131, 132-133, award programs, 302 146, 148, 155, 397 community-based strategies, 236, 258 implementation of recommendations, 9- data collection and analysis, 263 10, 114, 157, 158 surveys, 313 industry collaboration with, 124, 213- testing/evaluating, 49-50, 300-301, 304 214, 305 Fitnessgram®/Activitygram®, 49-50, 66, 301 interagency collaboration, 114, 119, 5 a Day and Fresh from Florida, 289-290 123, 128, 134-135, 149, 150, 290, Florida Interagency Food and Nutrition 404-405 Agency, 141
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See also Advertising 180 and marketing; School foods and evaluation of changes, 182, 184, 187, beverages 205-207, 208-210, 212 access and opportunity issues, 62, 90, examples of innovations, 45, 182-184 93, 121, 139, 140, 230, 244, 247 federal regulation, 188, 201 249, 251, 257, 266, 289 indicators of progress, 206-207, 212-213 added sugars, 182, 198 Internet marketing, 190 away-from-home foods, 177, 186, 187 litigation, 188 188, 200, 372; see also Restaurant motivation for change, 185, 213, 220, 422 industry and restaurants phases of response to obesity epidemic, brand recognition and loyalty, 175 177 built environment, 93, 244, 247-249, 266 product cross-promotions, 191 community-based interventions, 90, 93, product development and reformulation, 139, 140, 230, 237, 247-249, 250 168, 169, 177-186 251, 257, 289 public-private partnerships, 183, 191, consumption drivers, 178-179, 184-186, 198, 199, 418 188 recommendations to, 168, 169, 177, consumption trends, 84, 175, 187-188, 179, 418 390-391 restrictions on school sales, 291 convenience products, 180, 187 retailers, 169, 170, 179-180, 184, 191, costs, 178 199, 200, 205, 213, 219 demand for healthier foods, 183-185, 188 sales to young consumers, 179-181, 207, fat content, 182, 188, 198 290 fruits and vegetables, 93, 175, 181, 183, targeted marketing of foods, 180 184, 188, 189, 191, 193, 198, 208, Food and Drug Administration, 177 237, 390-391 nutrition labeling regulation, 115, 117- gardens and markets, 93, 247, 248, 250 118, 198, 201, 216, 398 251, 254, 256 nutrition standards, 197 grocery store selection and placement of, obesity prevention activities, 260, 398- 169, 170, 184 399 at home, 260, 329, 333, 336, 337 Obesity Working Group, 200, 201, 398 "house" or value brands, 184 recommendations for, 216, 219, 418 labels and nutrition information, 115, Food and Nutrition Service, 121 117-118, 168, 178, 187, 190, 197Food assistance. See Nutrition assistance 199, 200, 201, 206, 213, 216, 382, programs 399, 402
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, 236-237, 299, 337 Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) , Girls on the Run, 204, 238 120, 123, 290-291, 344, 403 GirlSports, 236 Fruit and Vegetables Galore, 290 Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity Fruits and Veggies -- More Matters!
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integrated delivery, 203 guidance on advertising regulation, 194, obesity screening and counseling, 124, 213 138, 140, 249, 250, 287, 283, 303 Health and Wellness Survey, 182, 186, 304, 331, 335 199 recommendations, 231 Guidelines for Obesity Prevention and school-based, 138, 140, 250, 281, 283, Control, 135 287, 303-304 tool kit for obesity counseling, 249, 250 utilization, 81-82 H Health Disparities Research Program, 135 Health education Harlem Children's Zone, 93, 247 assessment, 50 Harlem Fitness Zone, 98 classroom requirements and practices, Hawaii, 78-79, 81, 282 124, 135, 138, 280, 281, 302, 392Head Start Program, 83, 90, 202, 333-334, 393 396 Health in the Balance report Health findings, 18-19, 339, 351-352 community planning, 241-242 prevention approach, 19 costs of obesity, 25-26, 79-80
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Kaiser Family Foundation, 201 331-332, 333-334, 337, 342 High-risk populations needs and next steps, 15, 339-344, 362 examples of programs, 87-96, 239-240 nutrition education, 260, 333, 334-335, interventions and policy levers, 87-96 340 research initiatives, 240 opportunities and challenges, 328-334 state focus on, 136 outcome measures, 338-342 surveillance and monitoring, 70 parental influence, 326-327 Hip-Hop to Health Jr., 333 physical activity, 236-237, 260, 299, Hispanics/Latinos. See also Diverse 336, 337, 341 populations; High-risk populations; public-private partnerships, 335 Race/ethnicity recommendations, 10, 100, 344-346, advocacy groups, 202 414 birth rates, 80-81 research, 343 defined, 81 n.2 school-based, 328, 333-334, 336 diabetes, 79 surveillance and monitoring, 70, 343 immigration issues, 80, 81 n.2, 84, 85 television viewing, 329-330, 336, 337 obesity trends, 74, 77, 79, 83, 84, 85 programs for preventing obesity, 93-94, I 97-98, 128, 191, 202, 244 socioeconomic status, 82, 83, 305 Illinois, 202, 243, 246, 283, 288, 304 surveillance and monitoring initiatives, Immigrants/immigration 98 acculturation and obesity risk, 83-85 U.S.
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172-176 multicomponent integrated approach, measurement of progress, 207-208 75, 331-332, 333-334, 337, 342, needs and next steps, 12-13, 212-217, 381-382 359-360 outputs, 90 n.7, 93, 383 opportunities and challenges, 171-172, progress-related issues, 92 188 public support of, 355 physical activity programs, 168, 191, 192, quasi-experimental, 385 204, 208-209, 211-212, 297, 418 research, 155
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See Nutrition labeling 219, 397, 418 Land use and zoning policies, 112, 140, Maryland, 282, 299 153, 233, 244, 248, 257, 380 Massachusetts, 127, 244 Latino Childhood Obesity Prevention Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 336, Initiative, 93-94 392-393, 399 Latino Health Access, 93 Media and entertainment industry. See also Latino New Urbanism, 244 Electronic media; Television Latinos en Movimiento, 204 advertising and marketing strategies, Laws and regulations.
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See also Surveillance and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, monitoring 237, 299, 332, 334, 399 defined, 381 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) , Monitoring the Future survey, 390-391 12, 131, 158, 261, 401 Montana, 290 National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Moving School Project, 92 Quality, 252 MyPyramid, 118-119, 199, 342, 344, 357, National Institute of Child Health and 403 Human Development, 334, 336, 399 MyPyramid for Kids, 342, 344 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 334, 399 National Institute of Environmental Health N Sciences, 400 National Institutes of Health, 92 National Advertising Division, 194 evaluative research, 155, 216, 247 National Advertising Review Board, 194 obesity prevention activities, 191, 192, National Advertising Review Council, 193, 296, 399-400, 405 194, 214, 216 Strategic Plan, 134-135 National Alliance for Nutrition and Task Force on Obesity Prevention, 134 Activity, 237, 286 135, 400 National Association for Sport and Physical National Latino Children's Institute, 202 Education, 294 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent National Association of County and City Health, 84-85, 390-391 Health Officials, 14, 264, 267, National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 361 (NLSY)
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, 342, 392-393, 399 357 National Urban League, 202 evaluation of, 216 Goodness CornerTM logo, 198 Native Americans. See American Indians/ Guiding StarsTM, 200 Alaska Natives Nebraska, 243, 245, 246 health claims, 117-118, 168, 201 New Jersey, 294 nutrient claims, 117-118, 168, 201, 399 New Mexico, 81, 123, 245, 282 Nutrition Facts Panel, 115, 117, 118, New Urbanism, 244 168, 198, 201, 382, 399 New York, 92-93, 127 percent Daily Value, 115, 168 NikeGO, 204, 238 recommendations, 115, 168 No Child Left Behind Act, 283 regulation, 115, 117-118, 198, 201, Nome Eskimo Community, 94-95 216, 398 Non-Motorized Transportation Pilot research needs, 168, 198 Program grant, 245 restaurant foods, 139, 140, 169, 178, North Carolina, 46, 95, 127, 136, 202, 187 Sensible SolutionTM logo, 190, 198 249, 299 North Dakota, 332 serving size, 118, 201 SmartSpotTM logo, 198 Nutrient density of foods, 382 Nutrition Advisory Councils, 289 standardization, 198, 200 Nutrition and Physical Activity Legislative USDA program, 402 Database, 66, 144 weighted rating system, 200 Nutrition and Physical Activity Program to Nutrition standards, 119, 131, 138, 197 Prevent Obesity and Other Chronic Diseases, 41, 120, 127-128, 153, O 396 Nutrition assistance programs, 90, 116, Obesity.
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466 INDEX Office of Minority Health, 400-401 eating behavior, 333 Office of Public Health and Science, 405 educational materials for, 204, 238 Office of Science and Technology Policy, meal planning tools, 199 134 media campaigns targeting, 191 Office of the Surgeon General, 27, 401 mobilizing, 335 Ohio, 123 monitoring lifestyle changes, 10, 100, Oklahoma, 282, 328 157, 181, 269-270, 419 Oregon, 127, 248 participation in interventions, 93-94, Outcomes 203, 298-299, 327-328, 339 advertising and marketing changes, 215 perception of weight as health issue, behavioral, 53, 54, 97, 210, 211, 212, 122, 249, 330-331 254-256, 286, 373 physical activity patterns of, 392-393 BMI, 128, 210, 211, 212, 250, 253 physician counseling of, 331 capacity-building measures, 150-152 promoting healthy food choices, 122, categories, 50-55 181, 339, 340 cognitive, 52-53, 210, 211, 254-256, promoting physical activity, 298-299, 286, 374 340 community programs and policies, 236, resources and support, 327-328, 334, 241, 253, 254-256, 260, 261 339, 342, 396 data systems for tracking, 131 role modeling, 123-124, 125, 192, 330, defined, 27 n.5, 34, 382 332-333, 335, 336, 339 dietary, 286 toolkit for obesity prevention, 396 environmental, 52, 210, 211, 212, 254- worksite health promotion, 204, 238, 256, 306-308, 377 339 evaluation, 36, 37, 39, 50-55, 123, 210, Parents as Teachers National Center, 327 211, 254-256, 383 Parks, playgrounds, and recreational health, 53, 55, 82, 85-86, 149, 150, facilities, 242, 244, 245, 257, 264 151, 210, 211, 212, 253, 379 Partnership for a Healthy West Virginia, 49, individual-level, 54, 306-308, 311 50, 245 institutional, 51, 52, 148-150, 212, 254- PATH Foundation, 245 256, 286, 380 Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System intermediate, 8, 28, 97, 253, 306 (PedNSS) , 130, 132, 133, 392-393, long-term, 8, 306 398 negative impacts, 54, 303, 339 PE4Life, 204 population-level, 54, 65, 306-308 PedNet Coalition, 245 short-term, 8, 28, 97, 253 Pennsylvania, 127, 142, 286, 288, 293, social, 52-53, 210, 211, 254-256, 386 304, 315 structural and systemic, 51, 52, 64-65, Fresh Food Financing Initiative, 247 140-150, 151, 210, 211, 254-256, Physical activity.
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See Fitness documentation of programs, 297 Physicians for Healthy Communities, 250 effectiveness of interventions, 125, 126 Pilot programs, 38, 41, 116, 122, 123, 142, evaluation of programs and policies, 49- 198, 239, 245, 298, 313, 331 50, 54, 64, 92, 124-125, 126, 189, Pima Indians, 89-90 208-209, 211-212, 293-302 Planet Health, 54-55, 135 examples of innovative programs, 91-92, Play Across Boston, 244 94, 95-96, 124-125, 202 Policymaking and regulation family promotion of, 236-237, 260, advertising industry, 116, 118, 170, 298-299, 336, 337, 340, 341 193-197, 214-215, 216, 413 fitness evaluation, 300-301 agricultural policies, 121, 123 funding for programs, 296-297, 401 definition, 33 n.2, 383 home environment and, 236-237, 260, evaluation of, 49-50, 59, 61, 66, 146, 299, 336, 337, 341 305 indicators of program success, 128-129 evidence-based, 65-66 industry-sponsored efforts, 168, 191, federal activities, 118, 119, 121, 123, 192, 204, 208-209, 211-212, 297, 146, 401, 402 418 food industry, 188, 201 legislation, 138 media campaign to support, 123-124 in low-income communities, 90-92, 202 monitoring compliance with, 130 measurement of, 64, 313-314 nutrition education, 118 media promotion, 191, 192 parental role, 328 PE classes and recess, 91, 92, 138, 282- reforms and revisions, 111-112, 121-122 283, 286, 294-296, 300, 305 research network, 135 public-private partnerships, 204 surveying changes in, 131, 144, 154, race/ethnicity and, 55, 91-92, 93-94 263, 264, 306, 309 recommendations, 91, 168 tools and toolkits for, 136, 286 research activities, 135, 296 Portion sizes, 45, 383 safety considerations, 62, 64-65, 91, Poverty 138, 230, 233-234, 244, 246 guidelines, 82 n.4, 383-384 school-based interventions, 48, 49-50, and health, 81-82 51, 54, 91-92, 93-94, 95, 112, 129, rates, 82 138, 204, 234, 237, 246, 281, 292- thresholds, 384 302, 309, 313 Pre-Assessment of Community-Based social environment and, 62 Obesity Prevention Interventions socioeconomic status and, 82 Project, 56-57 standards, 140, 294 Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System, state initiatives, 136, 294-296, 300 132 surveillance and monitoring, 50, 130, Presidential Champions program, 301 158, 294, 296, 297, 299-301, 313, President's Challenge, 301 401 390-393 President's Council on Physical Fitness and videogames, 189, 297 Sports, 297, 313, 401 Physical Activity Across the Curriculum Prevalence of childhood/adolescent obesity (PAAC) , 92 age-related trends, 24, 25, 76 Physical Activity Policy Research Network, BMI distribution, 76, 77 135 defined, 384
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67, 68, 93-94, 99, 128-129, 206 See also Action plan for prevention; 207, 213-214, 257, 265, 302, 380 Interventions; Progress in preventing issues in assessing, 1-2, 26-28 obesity; individual sectors and measurement challenges, 207-208 programs needs and next steps, 11-15, 152-155, barriers to, 249 212-217, 254, 257-268, 351-361 best practices, 8, 34-35, 373 symposia on, 21-22, 92-93, 171, 198, collaboration among sectors, 50 236, 237, 240, 260, 281-282, 286, comprehensive approach, 20, 75 289, 294, 296, 311 contexts for, 75-87, 112-113 Protective factors, 385 cross-cutting approaches, 141-142 Public education. See also Nutrition definitions, 384 education evidence-based approach, 8 evaluation and monitoring component, federal commitment to, 396-405 61 global dimension, 353, 354-356 industry-sponsored, 55, 123-124, 199 goals, 29, 119 201 individual-level approach, 29 media campaigns, 115, 123-124 intermediate goals, 29 nutrition and physical activity programs, leadership, 9, 45-46 199 next steps, 11-15, 358-362 Public health programs.
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population diversity, 80 Strategic Plan, 134-135 Racial and Ethnic Approaches to translational, 134-135 Community Health ( REACH) 2010, Restaurant industry and restaurants 95, 97, 98, 241, 257 advertising and marketing, 175, 188, 192 Recommendations.
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, 12, 132, 133, 142, 154, 290, 386, 403 158, 285, 291-292, 297, 299, 300, School foods and beverages 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 313, 392 access to healthy foods, 48, 49 393, 398 advertising, 281, 290, 291, 304 School Health Profiles (SHP) , 131, 132, after-school programs, 298 133, 142, 262, 285, 288-289, 292, agricultural commodity programs and, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 313, 392 112 393, 398 cafeteria offerings, 45 School Meals Initiative for Healthy challenges for food service managers, 289 Children, 386 competitive foods, 118, 119, 140, 146, School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study, 242-243, 282, 288, 290, 291, 292, 131, 285, 292, 312, 392-393, 404 293, 375, 397 School programs and policies.
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, 236 legislative and policy changes, 138, 284- Shaping America's Youth, 27 286, 287, 306-309, 312-313 SmallStep, 124, 125, 157, 344, 400 local authority for policy setting, 138 SmallStep Kids! , 124, 157, 344, 400 mentoring, 236 Smart Growth America, 50 model policies, 138, 286 Smart Growth movement, 140, 244, 245, needs and next steps, 14, 309-315, 361- 263 362 Social determinants, 386 opportunities and challenges, 283-284, Social marketing 296-297, 305 behavioral branding, 124-125, 126, 373 outcome measures, 286, 305, 306-309, data to inform programs, 207 311 defined, 386 parental involvement in, 328, 333-334, networks, 129 336, 339 VERB campaign, 55, 124-125, 126 physical activity opportunities, 48, 49- Social norms and values, 62 50, 51, 54, 91-92, 93-94, 95, 112, adoption by immigrants, 84 129, 138, 204, 234, 237, 246, 281, defined, 386 292-302, 309, 313 family difficulties in changing, 249
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Family Activity task forces and coordinating committees, and Nutrition Task Force, 242 137, 156 South Carolina, 282, 287 training of staff, 150, 151 South Dakota, 282 State-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Special Diabetes Program for Indians, 94 Program to Prevent Obesity and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Other Chronic Diseases, 150, 157 Women, Infants and Children. See State Child Health Insurance Program, 90 WIC program STEPS to a Healthier U.S.
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See also individual associations by parents and caregivers, 100 Transportation-related issues, 244, 247 physical activity and fitness, 50, 130, Travel surveys, 261 158, 294, 296, 297, 299-301, 313, Treatment of obesity, 82, 135 390-393 Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls, 296 policy and regulatory changes, 131, 144, Triple Play: A Game Plan for the Mind, 154 Body, and Soul, 236 prevalence of obesity, 143, 158 TRUCE Fitness and Nutrition Center, 93 public availability of data, 125 Trust for America's Health (TFAH) , 66, public health, 130-133 144, 263, 282-283, 294, 296 recommendations, 10, 70, 100, 130, 157-158, 417-421 sample sizes, 133, 262 U school-based, 130, 131, 262 sedentary behaviors, 158 Underweight, prevalence trends, 77 by state and local governments, 66, 112, United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable 142-144, 154 Association, 258 supermarket scanner point-of-sale data, Urban Park and Recreation Recovery 207-208 Program, 401 systems dynamics simulation modeling, U.S.
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Department of Health and Human Walkable Communities Workshops, 245 Services Walking and biking opportunities advertising and marketing guidelines, assessing opportunities for, 264, 265, 117, 118, 195-197 300 collaboration with CDC, 128 Bike, Walk, and Wheel Week, 245 corporate partnerships, 115, 202, 265, built environment and, 112, 139, 140, 418 244, 245, 246, 254, 255, 261, 264, funding of community-based health 298 efforts, 117, 231 to and from school, 51, 54, 120, 138, obesity prevention activities, 124, 128, 234, 245, 246, 254, 255, 297-298, 134, 359, 396-398, 404 309, 401 Office of Science Technology, and Walking School Bus program, 245 Policy, 404 Washington, 127, 248, 261, 268 recommended role, 12, 114, 115, 117, We Can! (Way to Enhance Children's 123-124, 152, 156, 157, 168, 216, Activity & Nutrition)
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See also Diverse populations; Race/ Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System ethnicity (YRBSS) , 12, 128, 129, 130, 132, diabetes, 79 133, 142-143, 154, 158, 262, 285, obesity prevalence, 76, 77, 79, 84 294, 301, 312, 313, 342, 358, 392 U.S.
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