Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place Residence Rules in the Decennial Census (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B Residence Concepts and Questions in Selected Foreign Censuses
Appendix B Residence Concepts and Questions in Selected Foreign Censuses
Pages 303-326
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From page 303... ...
B.1 UNITED NATIONS/ECONOMIC COMMISSION OF EUROPE GUIDELINES In 1998, the United Nations and the Statistical Office of the European Communities jointly issued a set of suggested guidelines for population censuses (U.N. Economic Commission for Europe and Statistical Office of the European Communities, 1998; hereafter, UNECE, 1998)
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From page 304... ...
should be treated as usually resident where they are enumerated." Of particular note is point (f) on the treatment of persons in "institutional households," which the guidelines later define as "persons whose need for shelter or subsistence are being provided by an institution" (UNECE, 1998:42)
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From page 305... ...
Indeed, the Statistics Division guidance merely provides the literal definition of "place of usual residence" as "the geographical place where the enumerated person usually resides." Acknowledging that some groups may have difficulty specifying a usual residence, the 1997 guidelines state only that "the treatment of all such cases should be clearly set forth in the census instructions." A planning paper suggesting revisions to the 1997 principles acknowledges their deficiencies, noting in particular that "defining the place of usual residence as the geographical place where the enumerated person usually resides implies a time element," yet "the recommendations do not offer any time limit for considering oneself a usual resident of a place" (United Nations Statistics Division, 2004:3)
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From page 306... ...
The formal definition allows for prospective definition of residence; the concept refers to the address at which "a person has lived or intends to live" for 6 months or more in a year, "even if they do not regard it as their home and do not have a strong social, economic or familial attachment to it." · Attachment to the dwelling which a person considers to be their "home," or family home, which is used in the Australian Monthly Population Survey and other household surveys. This concept, based on self perception, "embodies social, economic and familial attachment to a dwelling because it contains their household or family home." Under this concept, a person may "be considered as a usual resident of the dwelling in which their family home is located even if they do not live there the majority of the time." "As the majority of people live in their family home the majority of the time the same dwelling constitutes their usual residence in both cases." Figure B-1 illustrates the form of the usual residence question as it is planned to be asked in the 2006 Australian census; as noted in the figure, the 2006 format is similar to the presentation used in 2001.
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The usual residence question has been on the Australian census form for every census since 1961, except for 1966. In 1961, only the person's state or territory of usual residence was requested; in all other instances full address information was collected.
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The 32-page "Census Guide" prepared by Statistics Canada to provide additional information for respondents lists a basic rationale for the usual residence questions in Steps B and C: "These steps help you to decide who should be included and who should not be included in the questionnaire. They tell us that we have counted everyone we need to count and that we have not counted anyone twice." For the 2006 Canadian census, the residence instructions are much the same as in 2001 but are edited for syntax, so that all the bulleted points read as complete phrases rather than colon-separated definitions.
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RESIDENCE CONCEPTS AND QUESTIONS IN FOREIGN CENSUSES 309 Figure B-2 Residence instructions, 2001 Census of Population, Canada
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For 2006, Statistics Canada plans to keep the same listing of up to 10 household members, but the roster question will be preceded by a basic count query: "Including yourself, how many persons usually live here, at this address, as of May 16, 2006? Include all persons who usually live here, even if they are temporarily away." [Because the new question begins with "including yourself," the reminder in 2001's Step B-"Don't forget to include yourself!
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by May 16th, Census Day." The Canadian census includes a long-form sample with additional questions. A long-form question on usual residence 5 years ago has appeared in the Canadian quinquennial census since 1961; the question on usual residence 1 year ago first appeared in 1991.
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From page 312... ...
," "persons who reside in the Republic of Estonia but who are in foreign states temporarily for a term of up to one year," and "diplomatic staff of diplomatic missions and consular posts of the Republic of Estonia and their family members, who are in a foreign state at the moment of the Census." The census explicitly excludes "diplomatic staff of foreign diplomatic missions and consular posts and their family members" as well as "persons in active service in a foreign army." Though the focus is on a de facto count at the census moment, the Estonian census also collected de jure residence information, as well as usual residence in the previous (1989) census.
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Page 1 of the census instrument includes the following instructions on "How to complete your Census form:" 1. The form should be completed on the night of Sunday 28 April.
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List 2 allows 6 names to be listed as persons absent from the household, and is preceded by the reminder to "Include in particular students who are living away from home during term time who were not present on the night of Sunday 28 April." The corresponding page of the 2006 draft questionnaire is identical to the 2002 version, with one difference: the ordering of exclusion instructions is rearranged so that students are listed first, babies second, and temporarily absentees third. Both the 2002 form and 2006 draft form contain the same stark question 7: "Where do you usually live?
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From page 315... ...
) by the Japanese Statistics Bureau, Japan uses a 3-month rule to define usual residence: "persons usually living" was defined as "those persons who had lived or were going to live for three months or more at their respective households at the census date." Persons with no usual residence were counted at their current location.
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. Questionnaire probes also allow construction of the "census usually resident population count," so that "if a person usually lives in Christchurch but was in Wellington on census night, they will be included in the census usually
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of the harbour · a person from another country who has lived, or intends to live, in New Zealand for 12 months or more usually resides at his or her address in New Zealand (as in external migration) · people who spend equal amounts of time residing at different ad dresses, and can not decide which address is their usual residence, usually reside at the address they were at on census night, or · if none of the above guidelines apply, the person usually resides at the address he or she was surveyed at.
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From page 318... ...
" and "If a baby is aged under one year, print [graphic showing a mark of zero] ." Several pages later in the dwelling form, question 18 asks, "Will everyone who usually lives in this dwelling fill in a blue Individual Form (or have one filled in for them here)
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From page 319... ...
. The standard of usual residence "was raised repeatedly during consultation with stakeholders," with particular regard to "overseas students studying in New Zealand" and "New Zealand students who are away from home on census night." The Statistics New Zealand planning document also acknowledges "known difficulties with this topic, such as a respondent's interpretation of the word `usual'" (Statistics New Zealand, 2003:10)
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From page 320... ...
. The 2000 Swiss census form collected address information on both a primary and a secondary residence with a very limited amount of space on the physical page of the personal questionnaire (see Figure B-4)
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They have since determined that the population base for the 2011 census will continue to be usual residents, augmented by visitors to the nation present on census night. The 2001 British decennial census was executed pursuant to the "Census Order 2000" passed by Parliament and enacted on March 15, 2000; the target census day for the 2001 count was April 29.
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322 ONCE, ONLY ONCE, AND IN THE RIGHT PLACE - ) the -ll ni or pay,d (b fu part has has has the has ngil nisi ni rn the who who who who or ngdom.
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From page 323... ...
. The usual resident population did not include: · people present at an address on Census Day whose usual address was elsewhere; or · people away from their home address who had been living, or in tended to live, in a special establishment such as a residential home, nursing home or hospital for six months or more (they were enu merated as usually resident at the special establishment)
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From page 324... ...
Specifically, 2011 results would not be directly comparable with the 2001 census returns, but they could also differ from post-2011 counts, for which the Office for National Statistics would likely rely heavily on administrative records data for which usual residence is coded. Maintaining a count of the usual resident base but with additional emphasis on collecting some information from visitors (particularly "workers who are not usually resident but contributing to the national economy" and other short-term visitors)
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From page 325... ...
The Office for National Statistics is still considering the addition of a series of questions related to second residence: "whether a person lives at another address for part of the year, and if so, what this address is, what the address is used for, and the amount of time spent at this address" (Courtney, 2005a:3)
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