Preventing HIV Infection Among Injecting Drug Users in High-Risk Countries An Assessment of the Evidence (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 27-32
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From page 27... ...
. The sharing of contaminated injecting equipment1 has become a major driving force of the global AIDS epidemic and is the primary mode of HIV transmission in many countries throughout Eastern 1Injecting equipment may include needles, syringes, cookers, cotton, and water.
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From page 28... ...
and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation commissioned the Institute of Medicine to undertake an expedited review of the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of strategies to prevent HIV transmission through contaminated injecting equipment, with a specific focus on countries throughout Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and significant parts of Asia, where injecting drug use is a primary driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In this report, such countries are labeled as "high-risk," indicating that injecting drug use is, or is on the verge of becoming, the primary driver of the HIV epidemic.
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While a large number of drug users interface with the criminal justice system, the committee did not evaluate the impact of criminal justice programs on drug use, HIV risk behaviors, or HIV transmission. An evaluation of programs such as mandatory drug treatment or diversion of drug users from the criminal justice system into treatment settings was also outside the scope of this study.
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From page 30... ...
Furthermore, the Committee does not evaluate prevention strategies to reduce nosocomial HIV infections acquired from injecting equipment used in medical settings (e.g., through reuse of contaminated needles and syringes or accidental needle sticks resulting from improper disposal of needles and other sharps)
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From page 31... ...
2004. Global overview of injecting drug use and HIV infection among injecting drug users.
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