Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World An Assessment of U.S. Needs (2007) / Chapter Skim
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2 U.S. Strategic Interests and Missions in the Polar Regions
2 U.S. Strategic Interests and Missions in the Polar Regions
Pages 19-28
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From page 19... ...
The first recorded ongoing settle- France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom -- ment dates back to 1903 when the Scottish National expedi- and five other countries with Antarctic activities, namely tion established a building on Laurie Island. The station was Belgium, Japan, South Africa, the Soviet Union, and the handed over to Argentina the following year and was later United States.
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From page 20... ...
SOURCE: Antarctic Treaty Secretariat web site (http://www.ats.aq)
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. "No acts or activities tive in the Antarctic Treaty process, and management of the taking place while the present Treaty is in force shall constiUnited States Antarctic Program (USAP)
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From page 22... ...
scientists at South Pole Station preserves U.S. sumed all polar icebreaker responsibilities in 1965.
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From page 23... ...
The United States is a McMurdo Sound and at the South Pole. founding signatory and member state of the Arctic Council, Until recently, the two Polar class icebreakers (some- a regional intergovernmental forum whose purpose is to adtimes together and sometimes separately depending on ice dress all aspects of sustainable development -- environmenconditions)
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From page 24... ...
What is important to grasp is that seabed claims require sound geological data. Any submission for an extended continental shelf by the United States in the Arctic would likely be based on the sediment thickness formula.
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From page 25... ...
Moreover, it allows coastal states the sov- independent of the UNCLOS process, the United States must ereign right to explore and exploit the natural resources conduct extensive bathymetric and geologic studies.
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From page 26... ...
The United States is the last Arctic nation still over a larger part of the Arctic Basin beyond the present 200 nmi EEZ limit.7 to sign the UNCLOS treaty. Because of the complexity and technical challenges faced by some developing nations and Asserting a national presence in the Arctic requires acisland states seeking shelf extensions and, significantly, be- cess to the region, and icebreaker support is the preferred way cause the Science and Technological Guidelines for delimit- of ingress into ice-covered boundary areas.
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From page 27... ...
. environmental change are being felt by Arctic subsistence The United States also has an interest in protecting the communities, such as those who practice reindeer husbandry welfare of the citizens of Alaska.
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From page 28... ...
government assets (e.g., polar icebreakers) in the re- safety are viewed as particularly important, with the approgion, particularly helicopter support, would be an important priate presence of icebreakers seen as an important compoaspect for local communities.
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