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Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World An Assessment of U.S. Needs (2007) / Chapter Skim
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4 Polar Science's Key Role in Earth System Science
Pages 39-46

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From page 39...
... cal importance. The 40 percent reduction in Arctic sea-ice presence in the polar regions have changed.
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From page 40...
... For example, the • The Southern Ocean's role in driving the deep ocean "conveyor Swedish icebreaker ODEN was used to deliver scientific belt" equipment and personnel to remote terrestrial sites in the • Characterization of climate and effects in both the Arctic and the Arctic during the Swedish "Beringia 2005" expedition. The Antarctic Coast Guard icebreaker HEALY routinely supports biologi • Biological isolation as a fundamental force in the evolution of cal, sea ice, marine geological and geophysical, oceano life graphic, and atmospheric studies.
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From page 41...
... Records of past envi- disciplinary science teams. ronmental conditions, retrieved from paleoarchives such as ice cores or sediments, provide clues to nature's response to Sea Ice forcing, but these too are incomplete, especially in terms of spatial coverage (NRC, 2004)
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From page 42...
... For instance, nomenon led to the discovery of ozone depletion in the tro- some penguin species thrive in regions of widespread and posphere and in the Arctic marine boundary layer at polar persistent sea ice, yet others need more open-water condisunrise (Oltmans, 1981; Bottenheim et al., 1986)
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From page 43...
... Processes of production McMurdo Station is one of the ground stations for the and flow of Antarctic bottom water are tied to the annual National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite formation of sea ice and circumpolar circulation. Southern System (NPOESS)
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From page 44...
... . from exploration and scientific investigations of the polar Magnetic field lines stretching out from the polar reregions, many of the large-scale environmental changes wit- gions interact with the flowing and variable solar wind, transnessed in the polar regions within the past few decades in- ferring electromagnetic and charged particle energy to the volve poorly understood linked regional and global pro- upper atmosphere of the polar caps.
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From page 45...
... Coast Guard HEALY broader than past international scientific years because it operations and the U.S. Arctic marine science community, will explicitly incorporate multidisciplinary and interdisci- fostered in part by the UNOLS (University-National Oceanoplinary studies, including biological, ecological, and social graphic Laboratory System)
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Key Terms

  • arctic marine
  • sea ice
  • marine environment
  • environmental change
  • ice cover

  • arctic sea
  • chukchi sea
  • arctic ice
  • environmental changes
  • continental shelf

  • arctic waters
  • arctic environment
  • arctic ocean
  • coastal seas
  • climate model

  • weather conditions
  • water mass


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