Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World An Assessment of U.S. Needs (2007) / Chapter Skim
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6 U.S Polar Icebreaker Fleet
6 U.S Polar Icebreaker Fleet
Pages 53-64
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From page 53... ...
Initially, these purpose-built ships were size, [it was] the strongest and heaviest steel hull which has intended only to survive in the harsh environments, not to ever been projected." routinely break ice.
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From page 54... ...
54 POLAR ICEBREAKERS IN A CHANGING WORLD on December 21, 1936, directing the U.S. Coast Guard to half times more horsepower required two shafts, one of the assist in keeping channels and harbors open to navigation by most radical differences from the previous succession of means of icebreaking operations.
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From page 55... ...
55 U.S. POLAR ICEBREAKER FLEET to induce a heel of about 5 degrees to each side of the vertical not later than 1 November 1966, of jurisdiction, control over, in 90-second cycles.
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From page 56... ...
56 POLAR ICEBREAKERS IN A CHANGING WORLD to be reanalyzed and reconsidered, and ultimately, in 1980, should remain "in reserve" due to the age of the ships and a the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) rejected the possible increase in requirements.
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From page 57... ...
Coast Guard Polar Icebreakers ties to meet the increasing demand for Arctic research and has proven highly capable in that role. The characteristics of POLAR STAR and the current fleet are listed in Table 6.1.
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From page 58... ...
As an icebreaker is propelled forward, it moves up • Having sailed in significant sea ice in either the onto the ice, and the weight of the hull breaks the ice. The Arctic or the Antarctic, traditional icebreaker bow is in the form of a spoon that fa
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From page 59... ...
N:75,000 Not yet operational TAYMYR Russia 1989 N:47,600 NSR VAYGACH Russia 1990 N:47,600 NSR KRASIN Russia 1976 DE:36,000 NSR; Antarctic VLADIMIR IGNATYUK Russia 1977 D:23,200 Arctic escort KAPITIN SOROKIN Russia 1977 DE:22,000 NSR; Baltic escort KAPITIN NIKOLAYEV Russia 1978 DE:22,000 NSR KAPITIN DRANITSYN Russia 1980 DE:22,000 NSR; Arctic and Antarctic tourism KAPITIN KHLEBNIKOV Russia 1981 DE:22,000 NSR; Arctic and Antarctic tourism Tourism AKADEMIK FEDOROV Russia 1987 DE:18,000 Arctic and Antarctic research and logistics FESCO SAKHALIN Russia 2005 DE:17,500 Standby or supply vessel, Sakhalin Island SMIT SAKHALIN Netherlands− 1983 D:14,500 Beaufort Sea; Sea of Okhotsk; Sakhalin Island Russia charter SMIT SEBU Netherlands− 1983 D:14,500 Beaufort Sea; Sea of Okhotsk; Sakhalin Island Russia charter MUDYUG Russia 1982 D:10,000 NSR coastal MAGADAN Russia 1982 D:10,000 NSR Pacific coastal DIKSON Russia 1983 D:10,000 NSR coastal URHO Finland 1975 DE:21,400 Baltic escort SISU Finland 1976 DE:21,400 Baltic escort OTSO Finland 1986 DE: 20,400 Baltic escort KONTIO Finland 1987 DE: 20,400 Baltic escort FENNICA Finland 1993 DE:20,000 Arctic offshore/ Baltic escort NORDICA Finland 1994 DE:20,000 Arctic offshore/ Baltic escort BOTNIKA Finland 1998 DE:13,000 Arctic offshore/ Baltic escort 1969, 1993a LOUIS ST. LAURENT Canada DE:30,000 Arctic research and escort TERRY FOX Canada 1983 D:23,200 Arctic escort and logistics HENRY LARSEN Canada 1988 DE:16,000 Arctic escort and logistics 1982, 2002b AMUNDSEN Canada DE:15,000 Research PIERRE RADISSON Canada 1978 DE:13,400 Arctic escort and logistics DES GROSSELIERS Canada 1983 DE:13,400 Arctic research and escort ODEN Sweden 1989 D:23,200 Arctic research/Baltic escort ATLE Sweden 1974 DE:22,000 Baltic escort YMER Sweden 1977 DE:22,000 Baltic escort FREJ Sweden 1975 DE:22,000 Baltic escort TOR VIKING Sweden 2000-2001 DE:18,000 Baltic escort BALDERR VIKING Sweden 2000-2001 DE:18,000 Baltic escort VIDAR VIKING Sweden 2000-2001 DE:18,000 Baltic escort/Arctic research POLAR STAR US 1976 GT:60,000 DE:18,000 Arctic and Antarctic research and logistics POLAR SEA US 1977 GT:60,000 DE:18,000 Arctic and Antarctic research and logistics HEALY US 2000 DE:30,000 Arctic research and response NATHANIEL B
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From page 60... ...
. However, problems occur at sea when Two Finnish icebreakers, FENNICA and NORDICA, icebreakers encounter ridges formed by the movement of built in the early 1990s, were built with symmetrical reamhighly mobile sea ice.
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From page 61... ...
Icebreaker propulsion plants have changed dramatically It is possible that the next-generation polar research vessince the first sail-powered icebreakers. Steam and later die- sel will incorporate a double-acting hull design (to improve sel engines drove power through reduction gears to fixed seakeeping while in transit to the polar region)
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From page 62... ...
In 1984, POLAR SEA was nipped between two moving ice sheets north of Prudhoe The mission deployment of U.S. polar icebreakers has Bay for five days and faced the prospect of wintering over.
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From page 63... ...
POLAR SEA crossed the Arctic Ocean via the North were unable to replace the propeller blade. POLAR STAR Pole in company with LOUIS ST.
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