Seafood Choices Balancing Benefits and Risks (2007) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-29
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From page 17... ...
1 Introduction F ederal agencies and private organizations have recommended including seafood as part of a healthy diet because of the variety of nutrients it provides. However, contamination of seafood, whether by naturally occurring or introduced contaminants, remains a concern for US consumers because of the potential for adverse health effects.
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From page 18... ...
content distinguishes it as providing a unique nutritional benefit. EPA and DHA are abundant in some seafood types and the conversion from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
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. The accompanying text cites evidence for a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease among the general population associated with the consumption of certain fatty acids from seafood.
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Recognizing the importance of primary prevention, i.e., preventing the development of cardiovascular risk factors before symptoms arise, the American Heart Association also endorses the recommendation that children aged 2 years and above increase consumption of "oily" fish prepared by broiling or baking (Gidding et al., 2005)
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Heavy metals such as methylmercury accumulate in lean tissue and are found in the muscle tissue of older, predatory fish such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish. Federal Advisories The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
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States establish their own advisory criteria, which may be based on established federal advisories, and determine which water bodies to monitor; these may include coastal waters, rivers, and lakes. Across the states and territories of the United States, the number of waterbodies under advisory represents 35 percent of total lake acres (approximately 101,818 lakes)
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b Food and Drug Pregnant women and Receive the benefits of eating fish A variety of fish includes 6 ounces Twice per Administration women of childbearing and shellfish and be confident shellfish, canned fish, cooked week age of reductions in exposure to the smaller ocean fish, or harmful effects of methylmercury farm-raised fish Environmental Protection Pregnant women, women These fish contain high levels of Shark, swordfish, king Any Avoid Agency and Food and Drug of childbearing age, methylmercury mackerel, tilefish Administration nursing women, and children Environmental Protection Pregnant women, women Albacore ("white") tuna has Albacore ("white")
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Exceeding designated intake guideline ranges over the short-term would not be deleterious, but long-term exceedances could have deleterious effects in sensitive individuals. In the case of pregnant and lactating women, for example, a woman who had not consistently exceeded the guideline range previously, could increase her oily fish consumption throughout pregnancy and lactation above the guideline range (e.g., to two to three servings of oily fish a week)
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The EFSA statement was further qualified, however, with the advice that vulnerable population groups, such as pregnant women and women of childbearing age, should consider the nutritional benefits of fish weighed against potential risks from contaminants in certain types of fish. The EFSA panel also stated that advice regarding fish consumption should take into account other comparable sources of contaminants, particularly dioxin-like compounds and PCBs, that are present in the fatty components of other animal foods.
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People who are vegetarians are recommended to ensure adequate intake of plant sources of α-linolenic acid." THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE Considering the recommendations and suggestions to increase seafood intake to promote cardiovascular health, and the somewhat conflicting messages to avoid certain fish, consumers and health professionals may feel confused regarding the healthfulness of consuming seafood. For this reason, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
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Chapter 2 provides information on seafood consumption patterns, and nutrients and contaminants in seafood. Chapter 3 provides in-depth evaluation of the literature on benefits of consuming seafood, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, and the impact of seafood consumption on health outcomes.
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2000. AHA Dietary Guidelines Revision 2000: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association.
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. Origin of Meal/Week Noncommerical Fish Consumption Rate in National Adisory for Mercury.
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