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7 Balancing Choices: Supporting Consumer Seafood Consumption Decisions
Pages 248-274

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From page 248...
... A related and essential element of the process is use of the best available social and behavioral science research on the design of effective communications programs and messages to inform consumer benefit-risk decisions. In addition, we present several specific options for informing seafood consumption decisions, in order to highlight the features of alternative formats for informing consumers' seafood consumption decisions for themselves and their families.
From page 249...
... assessing the overall role of state advisories in consumer seafood consumption decisions, taking into account their limited reach; (4) increasing the availability of quantitative benefit and risk data for seafood consumption, and addressing any errors in how quantitative benefit and risk information is used in interactive online consumer guidance; (5)
From page 250...
... that would allow individuals to enter their own specific information and would provide feedback in the form of appropriate information or advice to guide the user's health actions, such as seafood consumption. There are a myriad of health risk appraisal tools commercially available; of those in the public domain the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
From page 251...
... A general framework for developing this kind of communication is a consumer checklist that engages the user in interactive identification of his or her benefit-risk factors, and uses that information to produce a tailored benefit-risk estimation and associated recommended actions. Determining how to communicate the resulting estimates and actions requires a series of judgements, including whether and how to represent this information as text, numbers, or graphics.
From page 252...
... This question is included because the committee anticipates that the many recommendations and guidelines specially targeting higher eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/ DHA) consumption for those with cardiovascular health concerns may have created a belief in that target population that they would benefit more than others from high EPA/DHA consumption.
From page 253...
... No 3. Are you at risk of cardiovascular disease?
From page 254...
...  SEAFOOD ChOICES Age/Gender Group 12 years and under 13 years and over Female Male Could become pregnant, pregnant, or lactating Yes No Do you consume locally caught seafood? At risk for heart disease Yes No Yes No Evidence for additional benefits of seafood consumption to those at risk for heart disease is too weak to Contaminants in seafood warrant special advice vary according to local conditions; consume Do you consume locally caught locally caught seafood seafood?
From page 255...
... standards, similar to the Notes Click here for more general at the bottom of Table 5-1. seafood consumption Include links from these to advice.
From page 256...
... cNote that EPA/DHA levels in chicken and eggs are based on existing published data; changes in the use of fishmeal in feed sources may have an impact on levels detected in the future. The example decision pathway shown in Figure 7-2 distinguishes between consumer target populations in order to tailor consumption advice based on current evidence regarding the benefits and risks of seafood consumption.
From page 257...
...  SUPPORTING CONSUMER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION DECISIONS What happens if I eat 3 ounces of salmon instead of 3 ounces of chicken? Graphical Comparisona 200 175 140 150 Energyb 100 (kcal/3 oz serving)
From page 258...
... Designers will need to test the effects of presenting information on seafood choices in alternative formats. Presenting Quantitative Benefit-Risk Information: The Promise and Peril of Visual Information Both anecdotal and experimental evidence support the use of visual information as superior to either text or numbers in many contexts.
From page 259...
... For example, consumers are likely to infer that side-by-side thermometers or bars are directly comparable, even if they are labeled with different numerical scales. Formats such as those presented by the committee in Figures 7-2 through 7-4b can serve as suitable advice for consumers who want general guidance on seafood consumption.
From page 260...
... to indicate fish (e.g., tilefish) containing levels of methylmercury that increase the potential for adverse health effects for these groups.
From page 261...
...  SUPPORTING CONSUMER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION DECISIONS Salmon, Atlantic, farmed a a Salmon, Atlantic, wild Oysters, Pacific b Rainbow trout, farmed a b Oysters, eastern, wild Salmon, Pacific c Rainbow trout, wild a Tilefish a Tuna, white, canned a Swordfish Shark a Pollock, Atlantic Flounder/sole a a Halibut, Atlantic and Pacific a Oysters, eastern, farmed Scallops, bay and sea (100 g) Crab, king b a King mackerel Ocean perch, Atlantic a b Shrimp, mixed Clams, mixed b a Cod, Pacific Tuna, light, canned a Haddock Catfish, wild a Catfish, farmed a Cod, Atlantic a Lobster, northern b 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 EPA/DHA (g)
From page 262...
...  SEAFOOD ChOICES (1) Salmon, Atlantic, farmed a (1)
From page 263...
...  SUPPORTING CONSUMER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION DECISIONS Mercury and DHA/EPA Omega-3s in Seafood (3-ounce portiion) a Salmon, Atlantic, farmed a Salmon, Atlantic, wild b Oysters, Pacific a Rainbow trout, farmed b Oysters, eastern, wild c Salmon, Pacific a Rainbow trout, wild a Tilefish Tuna, white, canned a Swordfish Shark a Pollock, Atlantic a Flounder/sole a Halibut, Atlantic and Pacific a Oysters, eastern, farmed Scallops, bay and sea (100 g)
From page 264...
... 250 20 6 oz 6 oz Tilefisha Tuna, light, canned 6 oz Cod,  Atlantica Shark 6 oz 6 oz Catfish, farmeda 15 200 Crab, 6 oz 6 oz Kinga 10 Swordfisha 3 oz Pollock, 6 oz Shrimp, 6 oz 3 oz Atlantica mixed b 6 oz 3 oz Scallops, 150 bay and sea, 3 oz 3 oz 5 3 oz a 3 oz King mackerel b 3 oz Clams, mixed 6 oz 3 oz 3 oz 3 oz 0 100 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 3 oz Tuna, white, canned 3 oz 6 oz 50 3 oz 6 oz 6 oz 6 oz 20 6 oz 6 oz 3 oz 3 oz 3 oz3 oz 3 oz Salmon, Atlantic, farmeda 6 oz 3 oz 6 oz 6 oz 3 oz 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 4.0 EPA/DHA (g) FIGURE 7-7 Estimated EPA/DHA (grams [g]
From page 265...
...  SUPPORTING CONSUMER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION DECISIONS Figures 7-6a and 7-6b illustrate that the choice of scales to use for each can greatly affect the graph's appearance. Testing with consumers is required to assess the impression made by alternative formats.
From page 266...
... . Given the weaknesses in the data underlying current conclusions on benefits and risks, strengthened collaboration between federal agencies appears to be an important goal for development of improved seafood consumption guidance.
From page 267...
...  SUPPORTING CONSUMER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION DECISIONS (1) Salmon, Atlantic, farmed a (1)
From page 268...
... 250 20 6 oz a 6 oz Tilefish Tuna, light, canned 6 oz Cod,  Atlantica Shark 6 oz 6 oz a Catfish, farmed 15 200 Crab, 6 oz 6 oz Kinga a 10 Swordfish 3 oz Pollock, 6 oz Shrimp, 6 oz 3 oz a Atlantic mixed b 6 oz 3 oz Scallops, 150 bay and sea, 3 oz 3 oz 5 3 oz a 3 oz King mackerel b 3 oz Clams, mixed 6 oz 3 oz 3 oz 3 oz 0 100 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 3 oz Tuna, white, canned 3 oz 6 oz 50 3 oz 6 oz 6 oz 6 oz 20 6 oz 6 oz a 3 oz 3 oz 3 oz3 oz 3 oz Salmon, Atlantic, farmed 6 oz 3 oz 6 oz 6 oz 3 oz 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 4.0 EPA/DHA (g) FIGURE 7-8b Color version of Figure 7-7.
From page 269...
...  SUPPORTING CONSUMER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION DECISIONS Communicating this information to these groups would often entail little or no increased cost. The limiting factor may be education of the providers (e.g., public health nurses)
From page 270...
... One such example is the Inuit community in Alaska, where communication of health risks from fish consumption previously resulted in changing patterns of food consumption from traditional foods to highly processed and often unhealthy alternative foods. Through the use of tailored messages and the involvement of the community throughout the entire process, a more effective message is now being provided to local communities.
From page 271...
... Recommendation 2: The sponsor should work together with appropriate federal and state agencies concerned with public health to develop an interagency task force to coordinate data and communications on seafood consumption benefits, risks, and related issues such as fish stocks and seafood sources, and begin development of a communication program to help consumers make informed seafood consumption decisions. Empirical evaluation of consumers' needs and the effectiveness of communications should be an integral part of the program.
From page 272...
... 1998. Lay views on uncertainty in environmental health risk assessments.
From page 273...
...  SUPPORTING CONSUMER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION DECISIONS NIH (National Institutes of Health)


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