The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

2 Methodology
Pages 19-34

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 19... ... The committee then oversaw a formal, comprehensive literature review that identified about 1,200 peerreviewed studies about the late complications and latent and chronic infections that might be associated with primary infection by each of the pathogens. Those studies constituted the evidence from which the committee drew conclusions about the relationship between each primary infection and specific long-term adverse health outcomes in humans. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... SOURCE: The National Academies Press. Infectious Diseases Endemic to Southwest and South-Central Asia That Have Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes The committee approached its task by first identifying infectious diseases that could have affected US troops deployed to southwest and south-central Asia. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... . TABLE 2.1 Diseases and Etiologic Agents Considered by the Committee for Evaluation Disease Etiologic Agent Bacterial diseases Acinetobacter infection Acinetobacter baumanii and other Acinetobacter species Actinomycosis Actinomyces spp. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... Pertussis (whooping cough) Bordetella pertussis Plague Yersinia pestis Plesiomonas shigelloides infection Plesiomonas shigelloides Pneumococcal disease Streptococcus pneumoniae Pseudomonas infection Pseudomonas aeruginosa Q fever Coxiella burnetii Rat bite fever Spirillum minus Relapsing fever Borrelia spp. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... , HTLV-II, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -1 Rift Valley fever Rift Valley fever virus, genus Phlebovirus Sand fly fever Sand fly virus, genus Phlebovirus Sindbis virus disease Sindbis virus, genus Alphavirus Viral enteritis Various viruses Rotavirus infection group A Rotavirus Norovirus infection Norovirus Viral hepatitis Hepatitis viruses West Nile fever West Nile virus, genus Flavivirus Miscellaneous diseases Acute eosinophilic pneumonia Origin undetermined; not necessarily infectious Idiopathic enteropathy Origin undetermined; not necessarily infectious Madura foot (mycetoma) Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 2005. BOX 2.1 The Four Diseases Specified in PL 105-277 and PL 105-368 Leishmaniasis Sand fly fever Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection Shigellosis Though present in southwest or south-central Asia, some of the diseases on the committee's preliminary list do not have long-term adverse health outcomes. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... coli gastroenteritis Hepatitis B Malaria Onchocerciasis Ehrlichiosis Hepatitis C Microsporidiosis Schistosomiasis Enteric fever Rift Valley fever Toxoplasmosis Strongyloidiasis Helicobacter infection Sand fly fever Leptospirosis Sindbis Lymphogranuloma venereum Melioidosis Potentially more Plague prevalent among troops Q fever in war theater than Rat bite fever among US adult Relapsing fever population Salmonellosis (nontyphoid) Adenovirus infection Shigellosis Avian influenza Syphilis Hantaviral hemorrhagic Tuberculosis fever with renal Typhus group (louse-borne and syndrome murine) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... endemic in war theater than among US adult population Infections caused by Actinomyces Bartonella Capnocytophaga Chlamydia pneumoniae Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens Francisella tularensis Legionella Listeria monocytogenes Moraxella catarrhalis Nocardia Non-cholera Vibrio Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria Pasteurella Plesiomonas shigelloides Staphylococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus pneumoniae Lyme disease Antibiotic-resistant or common nosocomial infections Infections caused by Acinetobacter (Multiple drug resistant) Enterococcus (vancomycin-resistant) Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... In contrast, the committee determined, there are other infectious diseases whose longterm adverse health outcomes were unlikely to be diagnosed during military service in southwest and south-central Asia. Such diseases have the following characteristics: � The primary infection is subacute or the infected person is asymptomatic for days to years. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... Sand Fly Fever There are no published reports of sand fly fever in military personnel who served in the Gulf War; however, results from a search, requested by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) , of a Department of Defense Gulf War hospitalization database identified five cases of this disease (the database and the search results are described in Chapter 4) Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Reviewing the Literature On closer examination of that large body of literature, a subset of about 1,200 articles appeared to provide the types and quality of scientific evidence that the committee needed to accomplish its task. After securing the full text of those articles, the committee reviewed and assessed them for evidence of associations between primary infections by the etiologic agents of interest and specific long-term adverse health outcomes in humans. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... Sufficient Evidence of a Causal Relationship Evidence from available studies is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between exposure to a specific agent and a specific health outcome in humans. The evidence includes supporting experimental data and fulfills the guidelines for sufficient evidence of an association (see next category) Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Limited or Suggestive Evidence of an Association Evidence from available studies suggests an association between exposure to a specific agent and a specific health outcome, but the body of evidence is limited by the inability to rule out chance and bias, including confounding, with confidence. For example, at least one highquality study that is sufficiently free of bias, including adequate control for confounding, reports an association, while other studies provide support for the association but are not sufficiently free of bias, including confounding. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... family members of mycoplasma positive Gulf War illness patients. Journal of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 11(2) Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... 2004. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia among US Military personnel deployed in or near Iraq. Read the entire page →

From page 19...

... The committee then oversaw a formal, comprehensive literature review that identified about 1,200 peerreviewed studies about the late complications and latent and chronic infections that might be associated with primary infection by each of the pathogens. Those studies constituted the evidence from which the committee drew conclusions about the relationship between each primary infection and specific long-term adverse health outcomes in humans.

2 Methodology Pages 19-34

2 Methodology
Pages 19-34