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Appendix E. Research Progress Identified by Individuals at the Workshop
Pages 281-288

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From page 281...
... E Research Progress Identified by Individuals at the Workshop For the convenience of the reader, this appendix uses information provided by workshop presenters to indicate progress related to the DRI research agenda. The list, which is derived from slides used in the workshop presentations and organized by DRI report, identifies topics that have been studied since the release of the respective DRI report and includes some current investigations.
From page 282...
... 282 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES - Early milk consumption linked to reduced fracture risk in girls and in women - Effects of calcium supplementation -- results from several intervention trials - Racial differences in bone turnover and calcium metabolism Vitamin D • Responses of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and non-vertebral fracture to supplementation with vitamin D3 -- a number of studies • Vitamin D, and serum parathyroid hormone -- one study • Vitamin D and bone in adolescents -- one study Magnesium • Magnesium depletion studies in rats • Positive associations between magnesium intake and bone mass and negative associations with diabetes and stroke -- several epi demiologic studies Fluoride • Relationship of elevated fluoride concentrations to bone mineral density and fractures -- one study B Vitamins and Choline Riboflavin • Intake data from Ireland • Association of riboflavin intake with plasma homocysteine • Role of riboflavin supplementation in cataract prevention Niacin • Intake data from Ireland • Molecular identification of high- and low-affinity receptors for nicotinic acid • Flushing mechanisms • Effect of niacin on lipid and lipoprotein levels and on glycemic control in persons with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease -- randomized trial
From page 283...
... 283 APPENDIX E • Extended-release niacin and progression of atherosclerosis -- double-blind, placebo-controlled study Pantothenic Acid • Pantothenic acid content of foods and/or vitamins -- two studies Choline • Human data on male/female differences in endogenous synthesis • Human data on functional markers -- two studies • Epidemiologic data on risk of birth defects -- two studies • Choline-betaine relationship to plasma homocysteine in hu mans -- three studies • Choline content of foods Biotin • Histone modification by biotin -- one study • Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and its treatment with pharmacologic doses of biotin -- one study Vitamin B6 • Associations of vitamin B6 and inflammation -- four studies Folate • Associations of folic acid fortification with neural tube defects, vascular disease, cancer, cognition, others • Association between homocysteine concentration and serum folate values • Interactions of folate with other B vitamins and choline related to methylation status • Mass spectrometry methods • Depletion–repletion study demonstrating adequacy of Recom mended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for folate for young women of all three methyltetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes • Unmetabolized folic acid in serum or plasma -- two studies Vitamin B12 • New methods for identifying status -- in development
From page 284...
... 284 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES • Plasma homocysteine and methylmalonic acid values consistent with B12 values required to maintain hematological status -- one study Antioxidants Selenium • Twenty-five genes identified that code for selenoproteins -- characterization is in progress • Selenoprotein P as a potential biomarker for selenium status • Effect of baseline selenium status on chemopreventive efficacy • Selenium and Vitamin E Chemoprevention Trial (SELECT) -- will provide clinical data on possible disease prevention Vitamin E • Much basic science progress • Chronic disease prevention studies, especially coronary heart disease prevention in high-risk populations • SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Chemoprevention Trial, a second generation trial examining protective effect of vitamin E against prostate cancer)
From page 285...
... 285 APPENDIX E Micronutrients Vitamin A • Effect of vitamin A status on the conversion of plant carotene -- one study • The vitamin A activity of plant foods -- three studies Vitamin K • Content in foods Iron • Classification of iron-loading syndromes involving hepcidin (down regulator of iron transporter) Zinc • Stable isotope methods in children • Urine measurement of fractional absorption • Fecal monitoring with zinc isotope plus the rare earth element dysprosium • Isotope dilution method to determine endogenous fecal zinc ex cretion • Partial fecal and spot urine collections • Improved instrumentation -- allows lower doses • Zinc homeostasis and requirements for children - factors that affect fractional absorption of zinc and absorbed zinc - absorption and the "saturation response model" - factors influencing zinc absorption (quantities of ingested zinc and phytate)
From page 286...
... 286 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Fatty acids • Relationships of n-3 fatty acids to health • Health effects of docosahexanenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapen taenoic acid (EPA)
From page 287...
... 287 APPENDIX E - Some anticipated progress on better specifying factors that can alter the requirement or the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for specific individuals • Improvements in dietary assessment methods - Matching of units in food composition tables to those in DRIs is nearly complete - Automated Multiple Pass Method for obtaining diet recalls appears to reduce underreporting - The combination of diet recall and propensity questionnaire may improve estimates of usual intake - Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN)
From page 288...
... 288 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES • Application of DRIs for food and supplement labeling -- Institute of Medicine report released in 2003, awaiting Food and Drug Administration rule • Communication and education of nutrition professionals regard ing correct uses of DRIs - e-learning course available for a fee - various journal articles - DRI Summary Report nearing release

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