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Appendix F. Listing of Possible Topics for Research Identified by Individuals During the Workshop
Pages 289-294

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From page 289...
... F Listing of Possible Topics for Research Identified by Individuals During the Workshop This list, which is based on the transcript of the meeting, reflects suggestions made by presenters. It was prepared for the convenience of the reader.
From page 290...
... 290 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES • Possible adverse effects of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementa tion on the inflammatory response • Possible adverse effects of unmetabolized folic acid in the serum • Consideration of genetic variation and relevant parameters in determining the need for individual recommendations for B vi tamin requirements.
From page 291...
... APPENDIX F 291 • End points related to nutrient toxicity • Vitamin A and gene expression profiles • Bioavailability and metabolism of menaquinones, and the roles of menaquinones in vitamin K and sphingolipid metabolism • Classifications of iron-loading syndromes with identification of the central role of hepcidin • The relationship between iron status and infections such as HIV and tuberculosis • Status indices related to iron and cognition • Food-specific bioavailability questions • Biomarkers of zinc status, primarily genomic or proteomic, to correlate with functional outcomes such as immunity Macronutrients • The need, if any, for a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for functional fiber • The lowest levels of saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol that are consistent with a healthy diet and that may cause a low but acceptable amount of harm • Mechanisms explaining why formerly obese persons may need 60 to 90 minutes of physical activity daily to maintain weight loss • Behavioral, environmental, policy, and other factors that help people adhere to a physical activity and exercise strategy to help maximize their potential for maintenance of weight loss • Consideration of differences in body composition and fat-free mass in studies related to energy • Effects of feeding functional fibers on measurements such as blood cholesterol, C-reactive protein, microflora, stool weight • Levels of intakes at which the onset of relevant health risks (e.g., obesity, coronary heart disease)
From page 292...
... 292 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Infants and Children • Analysis of breast milk, collected appropriately • Nutrient intake data (especially from complementary foods) re lated to biomarkers that are validated in children • Studies with stable isotopes and nanotracers to determine vita min and mineral bioavailability, to investigate kinetics, and pos sibly to estimate change in pool size on different vitamin intakes • Doubly-labeled water studies to measure energy expenditure and water turnover • Determination of vitamin D requirements based on relationships of intake with 25-(OH)
From page 293...
... APPENDIX F 293 New and Underutilized Research Techniques • Genotyping, epigenetics, and imprinting -- including the assess ment of effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on variability in requirements and/or ULs • The use of first principles and discovering overlooked earlier findings • Studying monogastric farm animals, as to find surrogate meas ures for dose–response studies • Relationships of DRIs with long-term health • Use of genetics to help predict who will benefit from a specific dietary treatment • Use of metabolomics to distinguish individuals with a covert health problem from normal individuals and to analyze composi tion of food • Assessment of methods for determining individual risk of chronic disease outcomes • Delineation of specific genetic variants that contribute to wide interindividual variation in responses to dietary cholesterol and dietary fatty acids -- considering low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
From page 294...
... 294 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES • A disease prevention approach that involves targeting the mo lecular antecedents of disease, such as molecular antecedents for cancer • If a nutrient has beneficial effects at doses much higher than needed for the prevention of deficiency, how should this affect the setting of EARs and RDAs? • If a nutrient prevents an adverse outcome in one subgroup but not in another, how can this information be incorporated into a DRI process?

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