Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis Workshop Summary (2007) / Chapter Skim
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8 Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
8 Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
Pages 87-94
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From page 87... ...
Appel of Johns Hopkins University, who chaired the panel on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for electrolytes and water, presented a brief overview of the DRIs for sodium, potassium, water, and sulfate; covered research recommendations specific to those nutrients; and addressed some related issues concerning the DRI taxonomy, evidence-based medicine and nutrition policy, and general research.
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From page 88... ...
The investigators fed different BOX 8-1 Rationale for Adequate Intake, by Nutrient Nutrient Rationale • Median observed in NHANES III for age group Water • Nutrient adequacy Sodium • Buffer in the setting of excess sodium loss during acute sweat losses • Lower blood pressure Potassium • Reduce salt sensitivity • Reduce risk of kidney stones • Decrease bone loss NHANES III = Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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From page 89... ...
Rationale for Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Sodium In terms of the adverse effects of excess sodium intake, several potential outcomes were considered, but increased blood pressure was the adverse effect used as the basis for setting the UL. Current Status of Research Recommendations Because the report was released in 2004, one cannot expect a large amount of progress in filling research gaps.
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From page 90... ...
Dr. Appel views the recommendation to conduct trials that assess the effects of high potassium intake on serum potassium levels and blood pressure in the setting of early stages of kidney disease to be very important from a public health perspective.
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From page 91... ...
Appel suggests that the results of food frequency questionnaires be investigated for systematic bias. Sulfate No progress was reported related to the two research recommendations for sulfate, both of which call for studies of relationships between sulfate intake and specific disease conditions.
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From page 92... ...
It may be helpful to catalog the approaches used for setting the AI for different nutrients and consider revision to the definition. Tolerable Upper Intake Level There is a need to consider ways to apply the DRI model for nutrients for which there is a direct progressive relationship between intake and the occurrence and/or severity of the adverse effect but for which there is no threshold.
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From page 93... ...
FIGURE 8-2 Increases in blood pressure observed in sodium dose– response trials. NOTE: SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure.
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From page 94... ...
Prioritizing Recommendations A deliberate process is needed for writing and refining the research recommendations and then identifying the ones that are most likely to advance the field. DISCUSSION Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Potassium In response to a request for a reason why a UL was not set for potassium, Dr.
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