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Developing Biomarker-Based Tools for Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment The State of the Science, Evaluation, Implementation, and Economics: Workshop Summary (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Pages 86-91

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From page 86...
... -- antibodies, both polyclonal and mono clonal, specific receptor proteins, ligands, nucleic acid sequences, and similar reagents, which through specific binding or chemical reaction with substances in a specimen are intended to be used in a diagnos tic application for identification and quantification of an individual chemical substance or ligand in biological specimens. analytical validity -- the accuracy of a test in detecting the specific entity that it was designed to detect.This accuracy does not imply any clinical significance, such as diagnosis.
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From page 87...
... The application of genomics in oncology involves using microarray or other techniques to uncover the genetic "fingerprint" of a tissue sample.This genetic finger print is the pattern that stems from the various amounts and types of all the genetic sequences in the sample. genotype -- the genetic makeup of an organism or cell.
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From page 88...
... of elements such as the hydrogen of water in tissue when placed within a powerful magnetic field and pulsed with radio frequencies. mass spectroscopy -- a method for separating ionized molecular particles according to mass by applying a combination of electrical and magnetic fields to deflect ions passing in a beam through the instrument.
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From page 89...
... Polymorphism -- existence of a gene in several allelic forms. Positron emission tomography -- a highly sensitive technique that uses radioactive probes to image invivo tumors, receptors, enzymes, DNA replication, gene expression, antibodies, hormones, drugs and other compounds or processes.
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From page 90...
... The application of proteomics in oncology may involve mass spectroscopy, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pro tein chips, and other techniques to uncover the protein "fingerprint" of a tissue sample. This protein fingerprint is the pattern that stems from the various amounts and types of all the proteins in the sample.
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From page 91...
... Patterns of the masses of the vari ous proteins in a sample, rather than actual protein identifications, are produced by SELDI analysis. These mass spectral patterns are used to differentiate patient samples from one another, such as to distinguish diseased from normal samples.
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Key Terms

  • tissue sample
  • specific diagnosis
  • genetic sequences
  • gel electrophoresis
  • polyacrylamide gel

  • premarket notification
  • solution based
  • clinical trial
  • normal cells
  • involves using

  • phase iii
  • test correctly
  • test result
  • identify genetic
  • analytical sensitivity

  • messenger rna
  • negative test
  • struc tural
  • involves passing
  • sequences bind

  • finger print
  • technique enables
  • epidemio logic
  • detect closely
  • biotechnological science

  • process requires
  • comparative genomic
  • seldi analysis
  • components travel
  • submit data


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