Successful Response Starts with a Map Improving Geospatial Support for Disaster Management (2007) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-24
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 9... ...
They are encountered in the form of paper maps, in-car navigation systems, Internet sites, the software and databases of local government and utility companies, the sophisticated analytical, mapping, and visualization tools that support decision making in many private- and publicsector organizations, and many other forms. Because of their usefulness for so many diverse applications -- from zoning and taxation, to environmental management, to the national census, and of course, emergency 9
|
From page 10... ...
Although in testimony the committee was told that "successful emergency response starts with a map," the experience of recent disasters such as Hurricane Katrina and the attacks of September 11, 2001, has shown that the geospatial data and tools that exist within our communities have not been integrated effectively into disaster planning, response, and recovery (Sidebar 1.1)
|
From page 11... ...
Chapter 2 presents three scenarios, one real and two hypothetical, to illustrate how geospatial data and tools are currently used in emergency response and how better utilization could improve response. Chapter 3 goes into more detail about disasters and emergency response, to provide context and describe the needs of emergency responders, and reviews how current federal-level emergency management policies address geospatial data and tools.
|
From page 12... ...
In many ways, Google Earth represents a dramatic improvement in the accessibility of geospatial data and tools, allowing the general public to explore the Earth's surface in ways that had previously been available only to geospatial professionals. In the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, high-resolution im ages began to appear on the Google Earth site, showing in detail the im pacts of the disaster.
|
From page 13... ...
. Image cour tesy LSU World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Remote Sens ing and GIS for Public Health (WHOCC)
|
From page 14... ...
They may house key emergency management staff and also provide the main access point for geospatial data and tools, producing maps and other hard-copy geospatial products for distribution to teams in the field. Other EOCs may contain only liaisons that help with coordination and provision of resources, and in such cases, the locus of decision making may be elsewhere -- for example, at the Joint Field Office for federal assets and at various command posts for local assets.
|
From page 15... ...
Framework data comprise the seven geographic themes that are most commonly produced and used by most organizations in their day-to-day geospatial activities,1 and which potentially provide a set of landmarks on the Earth's surface to which other data can be tied (for example, if an event occurs at a street intersection and the location of that street intersection is known in the framework, then the location of the event is also known)
|
From page 16... ...
Examples of foundation data include maps or data sets of soils, land use, weather, underground pipes, or overhead power lines. Given the diversity of such themes, foundation data are a valuable resource for emergency management and will reflect the state of an area prior to a disaster event, providing an essential baseline.
|
From page 17... ...
Essentially, GIS integrate numerous functions that can be applied to geospatial data into a single, integrated tool set, just as Microsoft Word integrates numerous functions that can be applied to the creation and editing of text. GIS are among the most important and widely used of geospatial tools, and their functions allow emergency managers to integrate geospatial data, create maps, produce statistical summaries, and perform many other essential functions.
|
From page 18... ...
Publication Date: 2007 Title: High-Resolution Shoreline Data (2007) Geospatial Data Presentation Form: vector digital data Publication Information: Publication Place: Silver Spring, Md.
|
From page 19... ...
Purpose: The shoreline and associated data layers were originally intended to support the NOAA nautical chart production. These data sets have been cleaned and reformatted to support the efforts of supplying accurate shore line data layers for a coastal GIS database.
|
From page 20... ...
tex below. on Information 'Descripti Data 'Suppl Data Enter click button Enterprise errors.
|
From page 21... ...
Geospatial tools are software and hardware systems that perform specific operations on geospatial data. They include GIS and SDSS, as well as more limited tools and equipment designed specifically for such functions as the analysis and processing of images, the reformatting of data, or the acquisition of GPS measurements.
|
From page 22... ...
22 SUCCESSFUL RESPONSE STARTS WITH A MAP FIGURE 1.3 Data categories available in the Geospatial One-Stop.
|
From page 23... ...
In a broader sense, however, interoperability must deal not only with data and tools but with differences that may exist between components of computer hardware, the networks that link them, and the communications technologies that operate on those networks.7 In the broadest possible sense, interoperability also refers to the processes, policies, and personnel of organizations and institutions, and this broadest sense is particularly pertinent to effective emergency management. Geospatial preparedness reflects the overall capability and capacity necessary to enable all levels of government and the private sector to assemble and utilize geospatial data resources, GIS software and hardware, and SDSS to perform essential emergency management functions in order to minimize loss of life and property.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.