U.S.-Russian Collaboration in Combating Radiological Terrorism (2007) / Chapter Skim
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3 U.S.-Russian Cooperation to Improve Security of Ionizing Radiation Sources in Russia
3 U.S.-Russian Cooperation to Improve Security of Ionizing Radiation Sources in Russia
Pages 69-80
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From page 69... ...
in Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union. In the 1990s, nuclear specialists in both countries began to extend some aspects of their cooperation to address the threat of radiological terrorism.
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From page 70... ...
OVERVIEW OF U.S.-RUSSIAN COOPERATION TO PROTECT IRSs The U.S. Congress authorized the new program in DOE "to protect, control, and account for radiological dispersal device materials," both within Russia and on a broader global basis, during FY 2003.1 This chapter reviews the directions and progress of that program to date.
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Prepared for the NRC Committee on Opportunities for U.S.-Russian Cooperation in Combating Radiological Terrorism.
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission should be kept in mind. Only about 10 percent of the IRSs operating under licenses in the United States are in Categories 1 and 2.
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From page 73... ...
installing comprehensive upgrades with modern physical security approaches integrated with existing protection systems. The Kurchatov Institute Russian Research Center has provided valuable technical support and advice for these activities and has identified the following principles to guide the effort: • Technical subsystems and equipment that reduce maintenance and training costs are to be emphasized.
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Presentation at the U.S.-Russian Workshop on Safety and Security of Ionizing Radiation Sources by the Kurchatov Institute Russian Research Center, Moscow, March 14-15; see Appendix D
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Also, it is an important partner of DOE in recovering unwanted IRSs. The specific tasks assigned to Izotop under the cooperative U.S.-Russian program are as follows: • Discover unused, poorly maintained, or abandoned radiation devices and equipment containing IRSs, • Inspect equipment and devices proposed for return and for recycling of IRSs that are not being used for their intended purposes or that have been abandoned, • Locate, dismantle, consolidate, transport, and bury IRSs in secure repositories, and • Identify, plan, design, and carry out measures to modernize physical protection, control, and accounting of materials at selected sites where IRSs remain.
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From page 76... ...
Over the longer term, in addition to the United States, several of Russia's neighbors are working with the Russian government toward an eventual goal to decommission all RTGs and replace them with alternative power where needed. A key Russian organization in this program is the Federal Research Institute for Physics and Automation (VNIITFA)
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Presentation at second meeting of the NRC Committee on Opportunities for U.S.-Russian Collaboration in Combating Radiological Terrorism, Washington, D.C., August 24-25.
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and plutonium and the adoption of vulnerability assessment methodologies are applicable to the security of IRSs as well. On the negative side, MPC&A cooperation has sometimes been hampered by insufficient buy-in from the Russian government, making it very difficult for DOE to develop a program that will be sustained over the long term.6 Consequently, cooperation against radiological terrorism must be designed as a partnership with strong Russian leadership from the beginning.
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Presentation at the second meeting of the NRC Committee on Opportunities for U.S.-Russian Collaboration in Combating Radiological Terrorism, Washington, D.C., August 24-25.
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Nevertheless, the cooperative program has helped Russia improve the security of some of its most vulnerable IRSs. Perhaps the most important contribution the program has made is to bring to the attention of the Russian government the seriousness of inadequate protection of IRSs.
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