Adequacy of Evidence for Physical Activity Guidelines Development Workshop Summary (2007) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 Physical Activity and Special Considerations for Older Adults
6 Physical Activity and Special Considerations for Older Adults
Pages 111-124
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 111... ...
Then Dr. Fielding covered age-related changes in physiological function, available evidence for benefits of physical activity, research needs, and reasons to develop specific physical activity guidelines for older Americans.
|
From page 112... ...
This model has been useful in compartmentalizing the potential effects of physical activity on age-associated functional limitations and disability. Evidence suggests that physical activity by older persons may lead to improvements at the levels of functional limitations and disability by mechanistically improving physiological function at the pathology or impairment level.
|
From page 113... ...
In that survey, sarcopenia was defined as having a DEXA value two standard deviations below normal for young individuals. Decline in voluntary muscle strength occurs along with the decline in skeletal muscle mass and power.
|
From page 114... ...
Strength and Muscle Mass A randomized controlled trial of strength training showed a progressive significant increase in muscle strength in the resistance training group throughout the year of the study, and a slight, nonsignificant increase in the control group (see Figure 6-1) (Nelson et al., 1994)
|
From page 115... ...
No effect of resistance training was seen, however, in a physical function subscale or in the measure of activities of daily living. The changes in functional limitations were variable and may depend on baseline performance, stimulus intensity, and duration.
|
From page 116... ...
Some evidence indicates that physical activity or a combination of balance and strengthening activity programs may reduce falls in older individuals. For example, in a randomized trial involving frail older women, Campbell et al.
|
From page 117... ...
Research Needs Among the research needs relating to physical activity in older adults are the following: • A definitive randomized trial of physical activity on disability outcomes • Evidence of the ability of older individuals with functional limi tations to adhere to physical activity recommendations • Better understanding of appropriate physical activities to im prove balance • Definitive studies on exercise and cognition
|
From page 118... ...
Thus effective strategies that can help older adults resume physical activity following these common health transitions merit consideration when developing physical activity guidelines for this population. DISCUSSION Physical Activity Guidelines for Older Adults Discussant: Anne B
|
From page 119... ...
Newman highlighted the importance of developing a consistent message that addresses the type of activity to choose for a particular benefit: • Aerobic and/or strength training for function • Weight-bearing and strength training activities for bone health
|
From page 120... ...
Group Discussion Moderator: Miriam Nelson Among the points raised during the discussion were the following: • The rate of loss of aerobic capacity with age may be accelerated in older age groups. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ag ing, the rate of loss for persons in their seventies and eighties was approximately 20 to 30 percent per decade.
|
From page 121... ...
Observational studies have serious limitations. • The examination of adiposity -- in addition to muscle mass and quality -- is important in investigations of physical activity and functional limitations in disability.
|
From page 122... ...
2004. Systematic review of progressive resistance strength training in older adults.
|
From page 123... ...
Med Sci Sports Exerc 27(6)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.