Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2006 Symposium (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Biological and Biomimetic Polypeptide Materials
Biological and Biomimetic Polypeptide Materials
Pages 47-58
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From page 47... ...
. These biological polypeptides are all complex copolymers that derive their phenomenal properties from precisely controlled sequences and compositions of the constituent amino acid monomers, which, in turn, lead to precisely controlled self-assembled nanostructures.
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From page 48... ...
SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICAL POLYPEPTIDES The advent of recombinant DNA methodologies has provided a basis for the production of polypeptides with exact sequences that can be controlled by design of a suitable DNA template. The most common technique for biosynthesis of protein polymers has been to design an artificial peptide sequence that can be repeated to form a larger polymer and then to construct the DNA polymer that encodes this protein sequence (McGrath et al., 1990; Tirrell et al., 1991)
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In cases where polypeptides are soluble after cell lysis, they can typically be purified using affinity chromatography by incorporating an affinity marker into the polypeptide sequence (Dong et al., 1994; Zhang et al., 1992)
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SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL POLYPEPTIDES To circumvent tedious protein purification, large investments of time in gene synthesis, and difficult artificial amino acid incorporation, it would be advantageous if we could synthesize complex copolypeptides chemically from inexpensive amino acid monomers. However, there is a large gap between biologically produced materials and the polypeptides that can be produced synthetically.
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. Solid-phase peptide synthesis has also been used extensively in the preparation of hybrid copolymers, in which a small peptide sequence can have a big effect on overall materials properties (Klok, 2002)
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) developed by Deming allow the polymerization of NCAs in a controlled manner without side reactions into high molecular weight polypeptides via an unprecedented activation of the NCAs into covalent propagating species (eq.
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-b-poly(L-cysteine) block copolypeptides have been used to generate hollow, organic/inorganic hybrid microspheres composed of a thin inner layer of gold nanoparticles surrounded by a thick layer of silica nanoparticles (Wong et al., 2002)
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Reprinted with permission. conquering the shortcomings of each method -- incorporation of artificial amino acids and simplification of preparation/purification for biological synthesis and control of monomer sequence and composition in chemical synthesis.
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2002. Microcavity lasing from block peptide hierarchically assembled quantum dot spherical resonators.
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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 28: 2137. Wunsch, E
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2004. Rational design of a nanoscale helical scaffold derived from self-assembly of a dimeric coiled coil motif.
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