Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research Workshop Report (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D Glossary
Appendix D Glossary
Pages 77-84
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From page 77... ...
D Glossary adhesion -- an abnormal band of tissue that can grow in the body, typi cally as a side effect of surgery, and cause two adjoining bodies to stick together adult stem cell -- a type of undifferentiated cell found in children and adults that has the ability to divide indefinitely and to generate all the different cell types found in the organ from which it comes; it has been suggested that adult stem cells could be used to regenerate organs androgen -- any of the various male sex hormones, including testosterone antibody -- a protein used by the immune system to fight infection by identifying and helping to neutralize the infecting agents, such as bacteria or viruses antral follicle -- a follicle in the final stage before ovulation ascites -- an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen between the abdomi nal wall and the internal organs, that is, in the peritoneal cavity aseptic -- sterile; free of germs assisted reproductive technology (ART) -- a medical treatment for infer tility, such as in vitro fertilization 77
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From page 78... ...
being found elsewhere in the body; the symptoms include internal bleeding, inflammation, forma tion of scar tissue, and interference with the normal functioning of the surrounding tissue
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From page 79... ...
-- a hormone produced by the hypothalamus that triggers the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist -- a synthetic hormone de signed to act on the same receptors that gonadotropin-releasing hor mone acts on and thus to cause a similar effect
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From page 80... ...
-- a technique used in infertility treatments and in research by which an egg is fertilized outside the body inhibin b -- a hormone that inhibits the synthesis and secretion of folli cle-stimulating hormone; it is thought to be released by a dominant follicle to cause the pituitary gland to produce less follicle stimulating hormone and so cause competing follicles to stop growing inner cell mass -- the group of cells on the inside of a blastocyst that contains the embryonic stem cells luteinizing hormone (LH) -- a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation when its levels spike meta-analysis -- a technique for combining the data and results from a number of different studies addressing the same or similar questions and using those combined studies to come to a conclusion that can be more trustworthy than the results of any single one of the individual studies
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From page 81... ...
-- an inflammation of the female re productive tract, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, caused by an infection and whose symptoms can include fever, ab
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From page 82... ...
-- an endocrine disorder character ized by multiple cysts in the ovaries, irregular or missing ovulation, and a higher-than-usual level of androgens primordial follicle -- a follicle that has not begun development toward a mature follicle progesterone -- a hormone that plays a number of roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy pulse oximetry -- a technique for measuring the oxygenation of blood by passing infrared light through a finger, ear lobe, or other thin part of the anatomy somatic cell nuclear transfer -- the process of taking the nucleus from a somatic cell (a cell other than a sperm or an egg cell) and putting it into an egg in place of the egg's own nucleus; since a cell's DNA is contained in its nucleus, an egg produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer has the genetic material from the donor of the somatic cell; the technique is used in stem cell research to create stem cells that are genetically identical to the donor
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From page 83... ...
83 APPENDIX D stem cell -- a primal cell that can divide indefinitely and that can differ entiate into a number of different types of cells stem cell therapy -- the use of stem cells to treat disease or injury; medi cal researchers believe that stem-cell-based treatments have the po tential to treat a large number of diseases, including chronic heart disease, Type I diabetes, and Parkinson's disease, as well as many types of injuries, such as spinal cord damage, the brain damage caused by a stroke, and the damage to heart muscles caused by a heart attack. tamponade -- an absorbent dressing used to stop bleeding thrombophilia -- an increased tendency to develop blood clots torsion -- see ovarian torsion transvaginal probe -- an instrument used to retrieve eggs from the ovary ureter -- one of the ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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Key Terms
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