Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research Workshop Report (2007) / Chapter Skim
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In California, in recognition of this potential, Proposition 71 set up a 10-year, $3 billion program to build facilities for stem cell studies and to fund research with the ultimate goal of helping to develop therapies based on stem cells. This research, however, would require a steady supply of stem cells, particularly human embryonic stem cells.
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. Its symptoms include increased ovarian size; nausea and vomiting; increased permeability of the blood vessels, leading to an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen; breathing difficulties; hemoconcentration, or an increased concentration of red blood cells; kidney and liver problems; and, in the most severe cases, blood clots or kidney failure.
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However, it is associated mainly with women who have become pregnant via IVF, so it should be even rarer among research oocyte donors. In general, consideration of the risk factors for surgical complications -- including previous surgeries, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and pelvic adhesions -- implies that egg donors would be anticipated to have much lower risks from surgery than has been the experience with women undergoing IVF.
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The psychological risks fall into three categories: issues associated with the screening process, problems surrounding the donation procedure itself, and the post-donation adjustment to the donation. The main risk in the first category is that the screening process may reveal some previously unknown psychological or medical condition that disqualifies the woman from donating.
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It may be possible, for example, to develop ways to bring immature and partially mature eggs to maturity in vitro, which would increase the number of available oocytes without increasing the number of donors. Or, with the development of the proper retrieval and storage techniques, it might be possible to retrieve oocytes from cadavers in much the same way that organs are retrieved from the bodies of people who have signed organ donation cards.
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