Improving the Nation's Water Security Opportunities for Research (2007) / Chapter Skim
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and Office of Water developed a focused plan (the Water Security Research and Technical Support Action Plan) with a three- to fouryear time frame, consistent with the originally envisioned lifespan of the ORD's National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC)
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. Dual-use benefits are included among these criteria because they significantly improve the likelihood of implementation of the research products and their benefits, but the committee does not view dual use as an absolute requirement for all water security research.
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Priority contaminants have been identified, and this process has served as a means to prioritize the EPA's other research efforts. Numerous tools have been developed, including a contaminant information database, an exposure assessment tool, and refined distribution system models that will help users improve their terrorism preparedness and response capabilities.
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To strengthen the EPA's water security research program and utilize its limited resources in the best way, several recommendations for improving program implementation are provided. The NHSRC's Water Infrastructure Protection Division should formally articulate its mission and program objectives as it moves beyond the short-term time frame of the Action Plan.
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This can be accomplished by characterizing specific audiences in advance, getting input from audiences prior to developing a communication effort, pretesting materials on an intended audience, and soliciting feedback on communication efforts during early phases of implementation. These efforts save resources by ensuring research products are effective and reach those who need them.
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Based on the committee's review of the EPA's water security research progress in Chapter 4 and the criteria developed in Chapter 3, two key water security research gaps -- behavioral science and innovative water and wastewater infrastructure designs -- are identified that were not considered in the short-term planning horizon of the Action Plan. To address these gaps, the EPA should develop a program of interdisciplinary empirical research in behavioral science to better understand how to prepare stakeholders for water security incidents.
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The EPA will, therefore, need to consider how best to balance intramural and extramural approaches to carry out the research, while maintaining appropriate oversight and input into research activities. Increasing staff expertise in some key areas, such as physical security and behavioral sciences, will be necessary to build a strong and well-rounded water security research program.
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