A Path to the Next Generation of U.S. Banknotes Keeping Them Real (2007) / Chapter Skim
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6 A Path Forward
6 A Path Forward
Pages 97-118
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From page 97... ...
The implications of these trends are that the pace of the design cycle of new Federal Reserve notes (FRNs) must be sped up and that new counterfeit-resistant features must be incorporated quickly.
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From page 98... ...
The ultimate goal is to move feature technology beyond the capabilities of digital reprographic technology and thereby significantly reduce threats posed by TABLE 6-1 Technologies Employed in the Innovative Features Described in This Report Technology Category Features Using This Technology (no.) Chemistry 9 Computing 4 Electronics 8 Materials 11 Mechanics 6 Optics 16 Sensors 9
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From page 99... ...
NOTE: Near-term features: 3 to 4 years for implementation; intermediate features: within 7 years for implementation; disruptive feature platforms: more than 7 years for implementation.
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From page 100... ...
The grand challenge is to ac complish this new level of deterrence while maintaining the distinctive character of the U.S. Federal Reserve note and producing these advanced notes at an affordable cost to the Federal Reserve System.
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From page 101... ...
Phase 0 concludes with a specific list of what should be demonstrated in order to make the feature a viable candidate for insertion in a banknote. Phase I focuses on obtaining proof of-concept for the new feature idea.
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From page 102... ...
• Identifying candidate counterfeit-deterrence applications for the feature technology. • Evaluating multiple design options for the application of the new feature in a current Federal Reserve note.1 • Conducting adversarial analysis of the proposed feature, including analysis of the ease of simulating the feature and of the degree of detectability by the intended audience.
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From page 103... ...
The resulting equipment is then marketed to vending-machine suppliers, retail stores, commercial banks, and so on. For the future, as machine reading becomes more pervasive and the feature technology more sophisticated, the government may consider a proactive approach in providing these registered vendors with test decks earlier, possibly during Phase II of the development program.
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From page 104... ...
include an understanding of the feature's inherent durability limits; appearance and aesthetic considerations; issues related to social acceptability, such as potential health hazard concerns and loss of privacy -- for example, the ability to scan a person and deter mine the amount of cash being carried; and key technical challenges. Table 6-2 summarizes the key technical challenges, abstracted from Appen dix C, for each feature described in Chapter 4.
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From page 105... ...
Fresnel lens for -- Affordably manufacturing a thin Fresnel lens, on the order of 10 microns thick. microprinting -- Reliably attaching the Fresnel lens across a hole in the banknote without self-authentication deteriorating the durability of the note.
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From page 106... ...
key technical challenges, abstracted from Appendix D, for each feature described in Chapter 5. The committee envisions that these challenges would be refined during Phase 0 and would become the focus of development activity during Phase I in order to establish the feasibility of the feature concept.
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From page 107... ...
-- Physically incorporating the ACS into the Federal Reserve note. Chemical sensors -- Selecting the human-produced chemical to detect that covers the range of human variability.
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From page 108... ...
If an active feature were identified as a high priority, the appropriate elements of the e-substrate would be incorporated into the active-feature development program as it progressed from Phase I into Phases II and III. By contrast, a specific feature idea, such as engineered cotton fibers, could proceed through the development phases once feasibility was estab lished in Phase I
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From page 109... ...
-- Developing prototype scanners and associated processing software. Frensel lens for -- Demonstrating the fabrication of a Fresnel lens with thickness ●● ≤10 microns, aperture ≥10 mm, and focal length ~25 mm, microprinting self-authentication operating in the visible spectrum.
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From page 110... ...
This would include a pigment and dye approach, or alternately an interference filter stack, high printing resolution, and integration of advanced dye or pigment with high-resolution offset printing. -- Developing robust integration of a microoptical device with the paper substrate, including laminated plastic film optical elements to achieve required durability.
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From page 111... ...
Thermoresponsive -- Conducting initial durability tests of several different ●● optically variable thermoresponsive optically variable devices. devices -- Developing a reasonable approach to achieve cost-effective integration of thermoresponsive optically variable devices in the currency substrate.
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From page 112... ...
Such an ap proach will create a public awareness of multiple features on the note and reduce the reliance on a single dominant feature. Multiple features can also address the various classes of counterfeit threats; for example, color image saturation and metameric ink features would target nonprofessional counterfeiters, while the fiber-infused substrate and the nanoprint features would target professional counterfeiters.
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From page 113... ...
a P at h f o rwa r d INPUT New Technology Customer Requirements Executive Review Requirements Analysis Requirements Loop Functional Analysis Design Loop Verification Loop Synthesis OUTPUT Banknote Architecture Design Decisions FIGURE 6-2 Design engineering process. SOURCE: Adapted from John B
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From page 114... ...
Some of the feature ideas in this report could readily be explored by the BEP working with equipment and other suppliers. Other feature concepts will require considerable expertise in technology areas for which the BEP has had little, if any, experience.
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From page 115... ...
FIELD TESTING OF FEATURES During the course of this study, the committee observed that there does not appear to be a scientifically based federal program dedicated to field testing the ef fectiveness of existing and proposed banknote features and feature sets. It is normal commercial practice to conduct thorough market tests of new products.
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From page 116... ...
They are not designed to address the effective ness and social acceptability of security features. Research that evaluates the visual, tactile, and aesthetic acceptance of banknote features and the ability of the different types of human cash handlers to use these features to detect counterfeit notes could provide valuable insight into future banknote design.
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From page 117... ...
• There is a clear need for sustained research and development of banknote features, materials, and technology. The innovative feature ideas presented in this report require R&D funding to establish feasibility for application in U.S.
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