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Executive Summary
Pages 1-8

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From page 1...
... Similarly, a major, expensive console update to the nation's air traffic control operations was cancelled because the operational personnel concluded that it would be too complicated and difficult to operate. These examples illustrate the pressures on industry and government as the complexity of the systems they seek to develop increase at the same time they are challenged to shorten the development cycle for those systems.
From page 2...
... Department of Defense asked the National Academies, through its Committee on Human Factors, to undertake a study of the current state of methods, tools, and approaches for analyzing human capabilities and needs and to develop a vision for creating an integrated, multidisciplinary, generalizable, human-system design methodology. The Committee on Human-System Design Support for Changing Technology was specifically charged with four tasks: 1.
From page 3...
... The model recognizes that, in very large and complex systems, requirements change and evolve throughout the design process. The approach to acquisition is incremental and evolutionary: acquiring the most important and well-understood capabilities first; working concurrently on engineering requirements and solutions; using prototypes, models, and simulations as ways of exploring design implications to reduce the risk of specifying inappropriate requirements; and basing requirements on stakeholder involvement and assessments.
From page 4...
... Department of Defense and other govern ment and private organizations should account for HSI considerations in developing the technical, cost, and schedule parameters in the busi ness offer. In particular, contracts need to reflect an understanding of how human-system integration affects the ability to reuse existing technical solutions or the feasibility of inserting new technologies, as well as an appreciation of how anticipated HSI risks may affect meet ing program award fee criteria.
From page 5...
... The committee recommends research to identify the characteristics of shared representations that communicate effectively across HSI domains and engineering disciplines. Methods and Tools There are many human-system methods that inform the system design and development process and many produce shared representations.
From page 6...
... Besides the strength in terms of sheer number of methods, the methods as a whole can also be characterized as highly flexible, fluid, tailorable, scalable, or modifiable -- all characteristics that are critical given the current complexity of systems and their associated design uncertainty. The committee recommends a detailed agenda to extend existing methods and the development of new methods of human-system integration.
From page 7...
... The resulting design will accomplish much of system integration before implementation begins, and the result will represent a system that is truly responsive to the needs of its users, the ultimate goal of human-system integration. In addition to the development and application of an integrated methodology, the future would hold the opportunity for the development of a discipline of human-system integration and the opportunity for HSI-led system development, the more active participation by users in system design through the use of new web-based approaches and other technologies, and the development of a set of knowledge-based planning aids to support the sharing of information across domains.


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