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Index to Executive Summary and Chapters 1-7
Pages 319-330

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From page 319... ... Index to Executive Summary and Chapters 1-7 A local government uses, 78, 98–117 mass media, 78, 123–127 Academic research, uses of ACS in, 78, preparation for ACS implementation, 121–123 136 ACS. See American Community Survey recommendations for research, 11, 260 Administrative records, 95, 214 sampling error estimation and, 72–74 Aggregation of data scope, 3, 77–78 ACS calendar year, 17 seasonal variation research, 257 concerns about ACS, 23 small-area estimates, 113–115, 255–257 confidentiality and, 7–8, 177 state fund allocations, 77, 96–98 five-year period estimates, 3, 114, 131 See also Transportation planning preparation for ACS implementation, Area studies 135 ACS release plan, 181 tabulation specifications for, 8–9, 182 analyzing change over time, 3 American Community Survey. Read the entire page →
From page 320... ... housing unit sampling frame, 153–154 implementation, 22 inflation adjustment, 179–181 inflation adjustments, 61 population coverage, 30–31 long-form-sample estimates and, 19, quality control, 57 51–53, 58–61, 161 residence rules, 31, 163–164 quality assurance, 57 response patterns, 55, 163 response rate, 54–57, 163 sampling design and size, 33–40, 51, Census 2010 159–160 data collection, 14, 19–20, 22 sampling errors, 63–74, 75, 122 estimates of 2000 census and, 128 tabulation specifications, 181–182 recommendations for Master Address vs. long-form sample, 1–3, 13–14, 24, File, 6, 151–152 33, 49, 125, 142, 152–154, 161, Census Bureau 227, 230, 232 education and outreach for ACS See also Five-year period estimates; One implementation, 229–230, 233, 234, year period estimates; Three-year 235–238 period estimates recommendations for, 4–11, 151–152, Children, residence rules, 164 160, 163, 166–167, 172–173, Coding procedures, 43 176–177, 178, 180–181, 182, 183, Coefficient of variation, 66 196, 201, 214, 228, 236–238, 239, collapsing rules, 177 242, 246 definition, 64 transition to ACS, 79 one-year public use microdata samples, Census Information Centers, 233 119 Census Transportation Planning Package, Collapsing of data 118 for confidentiality protection, 173–174 Changes over time negative effects, 177 interpreting ACS data, 3, 63, 132, 133 one-year period population estimates, large city studies, 102–113 203–207 multiyear estimates, 209–210, 214–221 ongoing research needs for ACS public perception and understanding of implementation, 141–142 ACS data, 124 rationale, 177 recommendations for research, 5, 254 recommendations for research, 8, 178 research needs, 251 rules, 177 use of ACS data, 51, 124–125 College students, 171, 258 Characteristics of ACS, 25, 184 Community Address Updating System, 6, addition of new questions, 79, 137 148, 150–151 advantages, 2, 49, 74–75, 83, 142, 214, Community Development Block Grants, 227 82, 86 concerns, 2, 23–24, 227–228 Commuter workers, 164 confidentiality protections, 173–176 Comprehensive Housing Affordability content and reference periods, 31–33 Strategy, 95 controls, housing and population, Computer-assisted personal interviewing 154–155 ACS data collection process, 161, coverage errors, 54–55, 56 184–185 data collection, 40–42, 160–161, data collection mode effects, 6, 161, 184–185 162, 163, 192–193, 253 Read the entire page →
From page 321... ... INDEX housing unit estimates, 198 housing unit follow-up sampling, housing unit sampling in rural areas, 151 147–148, 155–156, 158–159 per capita income estimates, 84 recommendations for research, 6, 159, population estimates, 9, 202–203, 208 163 weighting multiyear estimands, 213–214, residence rules and, 164 222 sampling error, 64–65 Current Population Survey Annual Social weighting of one-year period estimates, and Economic Supplement, 52, 83, 192–193 125, 126–127, 171, 255–256, 259 Computer-assisted telephone interviewing ACS data collection process, 160–161, 184–185 D data collection mode effects, 6, 161, 162, 163, 192–193, 253 Data collection methodology housing unit follow-up strategy, ACS, 2, 6, 40–42, 184–185 147–148 comparisons between studies, 125–127, recommendations for research, 6, 163 244, 245, 251–252 residence rules and, 164 costs, 18 Confidence intervals, 64, 66, 74, 76 evolution of Census Bureau practice, Confidentiality 15–16 in ACS quality profile outline, 244 group quarters, 167, 170 ACS strategies, 42–43, 173–174 handheld devices, 19–20 Census Bureau interviewers, 170 housing units, 160–167 concerns about ACS, 174–176 linkages among national survey five-year period data, 120 activities, 259–260 month of data collection, 7, 174–175, methods panels review, 11, 247–254 176–177 modes and mode effects, 6, 160–163, recommendations for research, 7–8, 192–193, 243–244, 253 176–177 monitoring, 238 research needs, 252–253 month of collection information, 7, Continuous sampling approach, 20–22, 29 174–175, 176–177 Controls paired strategy, 15, 16–20 ACS, 2, 17, 47–48, 127 recommendation for research, 6–7, 163 ACS quality profile, 244 research needs, 141, 253 for counties for specific population transition to ACS, 14–15, 23–24, 135 groups, 23 Data swapping, 42, 173 for coverage errors, 56 Decennial census data housing data, 9, 127–128, 154–155, ACS data and, 78, 128–129 196–201 residence rules, 31, 163, 201 margins of error, 9 summary files, 122 for multiyear estimates, 213 uses, 13, 15 population data, 127, 128, 154–155, See also Long-form sample of decennial 250, 254 census recommendations for research, 5, 9, Delivery Sequence File, 6, 148, 149, 208, 254 150–151 urban area housing unit responses, 150 Department of Housing and Urban Costs Development, 87–89, 94, 95 ACS, 18 Disabilities, people with, 60 long-form sampling, 17–18, 19–20 Dollar amounts County-level ACS latest-year estimates, 179–180 controls for specific population groups, See also Inflation adjustments 23 Domestic violence shelters, 167 family median income estimates, 87–94 Read the entire page →
From page 322... ... INDEX E large city applications, 100 large city changes over time, 104–114 Editing procedures, ACS, 43 margin of error, 130 Education for ACS implementation mid-year estimands, 211 ACS interviewers, 2, 161 sampling design, 36–40 ACS staffing for, 10 sampling error, 63–64, 74 media role, 235 small area studies, 3, 113–115, 131–132 organizational network for, 233–234, standard error, 67 237 for state fund allocations, 96–98 recommendations for, 10, 235–238 transportation planning applications, Educational attainment, field of bachelor's 120, 121 degree, 33, 258 See also Multiyear estimates; Period Eight-year period estimates, 209 estimates Employment status Follow-up comparison of C2SS and 2000 long- ACS data collection process, 2, 36, 40, form-sample results, 60 160–161 nonsampling errors in, 131 costs, 18 e-StARS. See Statistical Administrative housing unit sampling, 147–148, Records System 155–156, 158–159 Extreme weights, 195 long-form sample of 2000 census, 19 quality control, 57 Frequency of data release, 2, 14, 42, 49–50 F Funding federal fund allocation based on census Federal Agency Information Program, 233 data, 80–95 Federal government guidelines for ACS use for fund allocation of funds based on census data, allocation, 132 80–95 hold-harmless provisions, 85 classification of census data uses, 79 to increase precision in small area uses of ACS, 77, 79–80, 132 studies, 4–5 uses of long-form sample, 79 for methods panels, 11, 248 Federal State Cooperative Program for recommendations for, 4, 11, 228, 248 Population Estimates, 233 share estimating, 132 Feedback from ACS users, 5, 10, 137, 228, state fund allocation based on census 229, 230, 233–234, 235–238 data, 94–98 Field interviews uses of census data, 16 ACS advantages, 2 See also Costs ACS follow-up, 36 ACS margin of error and, 2 ACS procedure, 40 G Master Address File verification, 6 See also Computer-assisted personal Grant allocations, 82 interviewing Group quarters Five-year period estimates ACS data collection methodology, 167, challenges in use of ACS data, 62–63 170 confidentiality issues, 120, 175, 176 ACS residence rules, 31 county-level median family incomes, data collection concerns, 170–172 88–89 definition, 167 data processing procedures, 48–49 institutional, 160, 167, 171, 172, 181 data release schedule, 14, 49–50 Master Address File, 167–168 housing unit sample size, 155 recommendations for research, 7, inflation adjustments, 93, 179 172–173 Read the entire page →
From page 323... ... See Migration Housing units studies ACS content and reference periods, Implementation of ACS, 24–25 31–33 advisory group, 10, 237 affordability studies, 95 agency preparations, 134–135 controls, 9, 127–128, 154–155, challenges and opportunities, 4, 61, 194–195, 196–201 227–228, 229, 254–255 evaluation of ACS data products, 23–24 costs, 18 initial sample development, 142–147, data collection mode effects, 6, 161–163, 156–159 192–193, 243–244, 253 Master Address File contents, 148 data quality review, 9, 183 mean absolute percentage error of funding, 4, 228 county estimates, 198–199 housing unit sampling, 23–24, 142–160 mode of data collection, 160–163 network of organizations for, 233–234 nonresponse follow-up sampling, ongoing monitoring and research, 147–148, 155–156 141–142, 238 number of rooms, 59–60 organizational support, 10, 233–234, ongoing research needs for ACS 237 implementation, 141 origins and early development, 20–22 part-time/temporary residences, 258 ramp-up period, 134–137 postcensal estimates, 9, 200, 201 role of media, 235 Read the entire page →
From page 324... ... INDEX significance of, 14, 227 nonsampling error considerations, user education and feedback, 5, 10, 11, 130–131 29, 79, 228, 229–238 period estimates, 61–63 See also Applications of ACS data; population control errors, 9 Interpretation of ACS data user preparation for, 232 Imputation, 56–57, 126, 244, 254 variation in weighting adjustments, 187 Income studies Interviewers comparison of C2SS and 2000 long- confidentiality rules, 170 form-sample results, 60–61 data collection mode effects, 6, 161–162, comparisons between studies, 126–127 192–193, 253 county-level median estimates, 87–94 education and training, 2, 161 for federal fund allocation, 84 See also Computer-assisted personal group quarters data, 172 interviewing; Computer-assisted guidelines for ACS data interpretation, telephone interviewing 134 Inverse selection probability weighting, 185, inflation adjustments, 8, 90–93, 134, 186, 188 179, 180 nonsampling errors in, 131 L per capita estimates, 84 period estimates, 4, 89–90 Large cities price change studies and, 92, 93 analyzing changes over time, 102–113 small area studies, 256 availability of ACS data, 100–102 sources for median family estimates, 94 definition, 99 See also Small Area Income and Poverty uses of ACS data, 99–113 Estimates Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 256 Inflation adjustments Local government ACS data interpretation, 134 allocation of funds, 98–117 ACS procedures, 4, 43–47, 48–49, 179 state fund allocation to, 95 ACS quality profile, 244 uses of ACS, 78 in Census 2000 Supplementary Survey See also County-level ACS; Large cities; (C2SS) , 61 Small areas and jurisdictions geographic area-specific, 179 Local Update of Census Addresses, 149, housing amounts, 8, 93–94, 134 150 income studies, 8, 90–93, 134, 179, 180 Long-form sample of decennial census latest-year estimates and, 179–180 academic applications, 121 public use microdata samples, 123 advantages of paired strategy, 16–18 recommendations for, 8, 180–181 allocation of federal funds based on, research needs, 253 80–83 Institutional group quarters, 160, 167, 171, applications, 13, 16 172, 181 costs, 17–18, 19–20 Interpretation of ACS data data collection procedures, 40–42 cautions, 3–4 disadvantages of paired strategy, 17, changes over time, 3, 51, 63, 215 18–20 comparisons with data from other evolution of 15–20 sources, 4, 125–127, 134 federal agency uses, 79–80 decennial census data and, 78 follow-up, 19 educational resources for, 231 group quarters data, 170–171 guidelines, 130–134 historical and technical evolution, 15–16 inflation adjustments, 8 housing unit sampling, 152–153 margin of error considerations, 130 population controls, 207 Read the entire page →
From page 325... ... Census 2000 Supplementary Survey, Medicaid, 84 58–61 Methods panels, 11, 247–254 Migration studies, 18, 121, 127, 201–202, 258–259 M Military facilities, 170 Mode bias, 192–193, 243–244, 253 Mail service Month of data collection, 7, 174–175, Delivery Sequence File, 6, 148, 149, 176–177 150–151 Monthly sample. See Tabulation month undeliverable questionnaires, 150 Multiple residences, 258 Mandated uses, 79 Multiyear estimates Margins of error alternative estimands, 209, 210–212 ACS sampling, 2, 10–11, 66, 76 changes over time, 209–210, 214–221 computation, 240, 241 concerns about ACS, 23 interpretation of ACS results, 130 confidentiality effects on quality of data, large city multiyear studies, 102–113 175–176 ninety percent, 64, 66, 74 large city studies, 102–113 one-year public use microdata samples, population change effects, 210, 221–223 119 recommendations for research, 10, 214, public understanding, 124 223 public use microdata samples, 123 single-year estimands from, 210–211 published, 239–240 weighting, 10, 23, 209, 212–214 recommendations for research, 9 See also Five-year period estimates; Marital history, 33 Three-year period estimates Maritime workers, 167 Master Address File contents, 148 N definition, 148 for group quarters, 167–168 Natural disaster shelters, 167 housing unit addresses, 200, 201 Neighborhood sampling errors, 2 housing unit sampling for ACS, New Freedom Program, 82 142–143, 148 No Child Left Behind Act, 83, 87 linkage with other data sources, 214, Noninterview adjustments, 191–193 259, 260 Nonsampling errors, 3, 17, 51, 75, 130, maintenance costs, 17–18 131, 228, 238–239, 243–244 postcensal housing unit estimates and, 9, Nursing homes, 167, 171, 172. Read the entire page →
From page 326... ... INDEX O use of ACS data, 3–4, 61–63, 75 See also Five-year period estimates; Office of Management and Budget, U.S., 79 Multiyear estimates; One-year One-year period estimates period estimates; Three-year period challenges in use of ACS data, 61–62, 63 estimates county-level median family incomes, Population studies 88–89 ACS universe, 30–31 data processing procedures, 43–48 areas that have marked change, 10 for federal fund allocations, 84–85, 86 comparisons between studies, 126 housing data, 155 concerns about ACS, 23 large city applications, 100–104 controls, 47–48, 127, 128, 154–155, from multiyear data, 210–211 201–207, 250, 254 population size cutoff, 8–9, 86, effects of population change in multiyear 100–102, 181, 182, 184, 253 estimates, 210, 221–223 public use microdata samples, 122–123 for federal fund allocation, 85–87 quality indicators, 10 interpreting ACS data, 3, 132–133 sampling design, 36–40 mean absolute percentage error of one sampling error, 74, 132–133 year period estimates, 202–205 small area studies, 133 multiyear estimands, 213 standard error, 67 one-year period population size cutoff, for state fund allocations, 96–98 181–182, 184 transportation planning applications, one-year period population size 119 weighting, 201–207 weighting. See Weighting of one-year opportunities for improvement, 258–259 period estimates postcensal controls, 9 See also Period estimates proportional estimates, 221–222 Origins of ACS, 20–22, 117–118 rare populations, 258 Oversampling recommendations for research, 9, 203, error risk, 64, 67 254 rationale, 36, 158 research needs, 250, 258–259 small jurisdiction applications, 36, 64, seasonal populations, 115–117, 155, 113–114, 158 221, 257 small populations in small jurisdictions, 114–115 P tabulation specifications, 181 three-year period population size cutoff, Paired strategy, 15, 16–20 184 Period estimates, 1 transportation planning applications, collapsing of cells for, 8 118 comparisons between studies, 126 See also Household member county-level median family income characteristics estimates, 89–90 Poverty estimates for federal fund allocation, 87 ACS interpretation, 87 guidelines for ACS data interpretation, comparisons between different data 132, 133–134 sources, 125 inflation adjustments, 4 inflation adjustments, 93 labeling, 4, 133–134 long-form sample, 95 large city applications, 99–102 period estimates, 87 recommendations for research, 9–10, See also Small Area Income and Poverty 201 Estimates seasonal populations and, 115–117 Price change studies, 92, 93, 179 Read the entire page →
From page 327... ... See Coefficient of transportation planning applications, variation 119, 120 Replacement procedure, 185 Public use microdata samples Required uses, 79 academic research applications, 121 Research confidentiality protection in, 42–43 academic uses of ACS, 121–123 inflation adjustments, 123 ACS quality profile, 242–246 large city, 100 comparisons between studies, 127, margin of error, 123 251–252 research applications, 122–123 data collection methodology, 247–248 for state fund allocation, 98 income studies, ACS reference period transportation planning applications, effects on, 90 118, 119, 121 key areas, 25 Master Address File, 5, 6, 9, 151–152 ongoing needs, 141–142, 228 Q priorities, 248–254 public use microdata samples, 122–123 Quality assurance, 57, 183 recommendations for, 5–8, 9–11, Quality of data 151–152, 163, 165–167, 172–173, ACS, 2, 51, 75 176–177, 178, 183, 208, 214, 223, automated tools for reviewing, 5, 9, 183, 228, 239, 248, 254, 260 252, 254 residence rules, 5, 7, 165–167 collapsing rules and, 177 uses of ACS, 78 Community Address Updating System, uses of Summary Files, 121, 122 151 Residence rules comparison of C2SS and 2000 long ACS, 31, 163–164 form-sample results, 51–53, 58–61 comparisons between studies, 126 comparisons between studies, 244, 245, long-form sample, 31, 163 251–252 recommendations for research, 5, 7, concerns, 23–24, 149–151 165–167, 254 Read the entire page →
From page 328... ... INDEX research needs, 244, 251 research needs, 141, 249 seasonal populations and, 115 size, 2, 5, 33–36, 159–160, 249, 254 two-month rule, 163–164, 166, 251 small areas, 4–5, 36, 64–65, 75–76, 113, types of residences, 31 159–160 Respondent behavior sources of error, 51 ACS, 55 standard error computation, 240–242 Census 2000 Supplementary Survey, School district sampling, 158 54–57 School lunch data, 95 data collection mode effects, 6, 161–162, Season of data collection, 7, 257 192–193, 243–244, 253 Seasonal populations, 115–117, 155, 175, long form vs. short form, 20, 22 221 recommendations for research, 6, 7, Sex distribution, mean absolute percentage 163, 166–167 error of one-year period estimates, research needs, 247–248 204–205 respondent characteristics and, 162–163 Share estimating, 3, 132 Results of ACS Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, 256 quality review, 183 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, release plan, 181 83, 84, 87, 98, 256 Rounding of weights, 195 Small areas and jurisdictions Rural housing unit sampling, 150–151 ACS applications, 113–115, 255–257 ACS user education, 229 aggregation of data, 8–9, 114, 182 S evolution of Census Bureau data collection, 15–16, 20–22 Samples/sampling five-year period estimates, 3, 113–115, ACS design, 33–40, 51 131–132 ACS error estimation, 10–11, 63–74, 75 group quarters data, 171–172 ACS quality profile, 242–246 housing unit sampling, 36, 144–146 analyzing trends over time, 3 initial housing unit sample, 156–158 comparisons between studies, 126 interpretation of ACS data, 3, 133 county-level median family income population change effects on multiyear estimates, 88–89 estimates, 221–223 coverage errors, 54–55, 56, 150 population patterns, 113 data collapsing to prevent error, 8, recommendations for data collection and 177–178 analysis, 4–5, 159–160 documentation of error, 74, 241–242 sampling errors, 36, 64–65, 75–76, 113 evolution of Census Bureau practice, small population estimates, 114–115 15–16 weighting multiyear estimands, 213–214 group quarters, 7, 168–169 Small populations, 258 long-form housing unit sampling frame, Soup kitchens, 167 152–153 Special Education Grants, 82, 85–86 monthly sample defined, 184–185 Standard error nonresponse housing unit follow-up, ACS, 63–66, 67, 72–74 147–148, 155–156, 158–159 ACS quality profile, 243 one-year public use microdata samples, computing sampling errors, 240–242 119 estimates of change between multiyear published margins of error, 239–240, periods, 218–220 242 range of acceptability, 67–72 reallocation, 4–5 research needs, 254 recommendations for research, 5, State Data Centers, 233, 234 151–152, 159–160, 254 Read the entire page →
From page 329... ... See Weighting Title V Maternal and Child Health Services of one-year period estimates Block Grants, 82 recommendations for research, 10, 214 Top-coding, 174 research needs, 250, 253 Topologically Integrated Geographic urban area housing unit responses, 150 Encoding and Referencing database, variation in ACS samples, 2 148 Weighting of one-year period estimates Traffic analysis zones, 118, 120 adjustments for extreme weights, 195 Training data sets, 135 base weights, 186–188, 196 Transportation planning goals, 196 Read the entire page →
From page 330... ... 0 INDEX housing unit control factors, 194–195, recommendations for review, 9, 196 196–201 rounding procedures, 195 inverse selection probability weighting, supplemental sample, 189–190 185, 186, 188 variation in monthly response factor, nine-step process, 185–186 188–191 noninterview factors, 191–193 Workforce Investment Act, 82 population controls, 194, 201–207 Read the entire page →

From page 319...

... Index to Executive Summary and Chapters 1-7 A local government uses, 78, 98–117 mass media, 78, 123–127 Academic research, uses of ACS in, 78, preparation for ACS implementation, 121–123 136 ACS. See American Community Survey recommendations for research, 11, 260 Administrative records, 95, 214 sampling error estimation and, 72–74 Aggregation of data scope, 3, 77–78 ACS calendar year, 17 seasonal variation research, 257 concerns about ACS, 23 small-area estimates, 113–115, 255–257 confidentiality and, 7–8, 177 state fund allocations, 77, 96–98 five-year period estimates, 3, 114, 131 See also Transportation planning preparation for ACS implementation, Area studies 135 ACS release plan, 181 tabulation specifications for, 8–9, 182 analyzing change over time, 3 American Community Survey.

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From page 320...

... housing unit sampling frame, 153–154 implementation, 22 inflation adjustment, 179–181 inflation adjustments, 61 population coverage, 30–31 long-form-sample estimates and, 19, quality control, 57 51–53, 58–61, 161 residence rules, 31, 163–164 quality assurance, 57 response patterns, 55, 163 response rate, 54–57, 163 sampling design and size, 33–40, 51, Census 2010 159–160 data collection, 14, 19–20, 22 sampling errors, 63–74, 75, 122 estimates of 2000 census and, 128 tabulation specifications, 181–182 recommendations for Master Address vs. long-form sample, 1–3, 13–14, 24, File, 6, 151–152 33, 49, 125, 142, 152–154, 161, Census Bureau 227, 230, 232 education and outreach for ACS See also Five-year period estimates; One implementation, 229–230, 233, 234, year period estimates; Three-year 235–238 period estimates recommendations for, 4–11, 151–152, Children, residence rules, 164 160, 163, 166–167, 172–173, Coding procedures, 43 176–177, 178, 180–181, 182, 183, Coefficient of variation, 66 196, 201, 214, 228, 236–238, 239, collapsing rules, 177 242, 246 definition, 64 transition to ACS, 79 one-year public use microdata samples, Census Information Centers, 233 119 Census Transportation Planning Package, Collapsing of data 118 for confidentiality protection, 173–174 Changes over time negative effects, 177 interpreting ACS data, 3, 63, 132, 133 one-year period population estimates, large city studies, 102–113 203–207 multiyear estimates, 209–210, 214–221 ongoing research needs for ACS public perception and understanding of implementation, 141–142 ACS data, 124 rationale, 177 recommendations for research, 5, 254 recommendations for research, 8, 178 research needs, 251 rules, 177 use of ACS data, 51, 124–125 College students, 171, 258 Characteristics of ACS, 25, 184 Community Address Updating System, 6, addition of new questions, 79, 137 148, 150–151 advantages, 2, 49, 74–75, 83, 142, 214, Community Development Block Grants, 227 82, 86 concerns, 2, 23–24, 227–228 Commuter workers, 164 confidentiality protections, 173–176 Comprehensive Housing Affordability content and reference periods, 31–33 Strategy, 95 controls, housing and population, Computer-assisted personal interviewing 154–155 ACS data collection process, 161, coverage errors, 54–55, 56 184–185 data collection, 40–42, 160–161, data collection mode effects, 6, 161, 184–185 162, 163, 192–193, 253

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From page 321...

... INDEX housing unit estimates, 198 housing unit follow-up sampling, housing unit sampling in rural areas, 151 147–148, 155–156, 158–159 per capita income estimates, 84 recommendations for research, 6, 159, population estimates, 9, 202–203, 208 163 weighting multiyear estimands, 213–214, residence rules and, 164 222 sampling error, 64–65 Current Population Survey Annual Social weighting of one-year period estimates, and Economic Supplement, 52, 83, 192–193 125, 126–127, 171, 255–256, 259 Computer-assisted telephone interviewing ACS data collection process, 160–161, 184–185 D data collection mode effects, 6, 161, 162, 163, 192–193, 253 Data collection methodology housing unit follow-up strategy, ACS, 2, 6, 40–42, 184–185 147–148 comparisons between studies, 125–127, recommendations for research, 6, 163 244, 245, 251–252 residence rules and, 164 costs, 18 Confidence intervals, 64, 66, 74, 76 evolution of Census Bureau practice, Confidentiality 15–16 in ACS quality profile outline, 244 group quarters, 167, 170 ACS strategies, 42–43, 173–174 handheld devices, 19–20 Census Bureau interviewers, 170 housing units, 160–167 concerns about ACS, 174–176 linkages among national survey five-year period data, 120 activities, 259–260 month of data collection, 7, 174–175, methods panels review, 11, 247–254 176–177 modes and mode effects, 6, 160–163, recommendations for research, 7–8, 192–193, 243–244, 253 176–177 monitoring, 238 research needs, 252–253 month of collection information, 7, Continuous sampling approach, 20–22, 29 174–175, 176–177 Controls paired strategy, 15, 16–20 ACS, 2, 17, 47–48, 127 recommendation for research, 6–7, 163 ACS quality profile, 244 research needs, 141, 253 for counties for specific population transition to ACS, 14–15, 23–24, 135 groups, 23 Data swapping, 42, 173 for coverage errors, 56 Decennial census data housing data, 9, 127–128, 154–155, ACS data and, 78, 128–129 196–201 residence rules, 31, 163, 201 margins of error, 9 summary files, 122 for multiyear estimates, 213 uses, 13, 15 population data, 127, 128, 154–155, See also Long-form sample of decennial 250, 254 census recommendations for research, 5, 9, Delivery Sequence File, 6, 148, 149, 208, 254 150–151 urban area housing unit responses, 150 Department of Housing and Urban Costs Development, 87–89, 94, 95 ACS, 18 Disabilities, people with, 60 long-form sampling, 17–18, 19–20 Dollar amounts County-level ACS latest-year estimates, 179–180 controls for specific population groups, See also Inflation adjustments 23 Domestic violence shelters, 167 family median income estimates, 87–94

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From page 322...

... INDEX E large city applications, 100 large city changes over time, 104–114 Editing procedures, ACS, 43 margin of error, 130 Education for ACS implementation mid-year estimands, 211 ACS interviewers, 2, 161 sampling design, 36–40 ACS staffing for, 10 sampling error, 63–64, 74 media role, 235 small area studies, 3, 113–115, 131–132 organizational network for, 233–234, standard error, 67 237 for state fund allocations, 96–98 recommendations for, 10, 235–238 transportation planning applications, Educational attainment, field of bachelor's 120, 121 degree, 33, 258 See also Multiyear estimates; Period Eight-year period estimates, 209 estimates Employment status Follow-up comparison of C2SS and 2000 long- ACS data collection process, 2, 36, 40, form-sample results, 60 160–161 nonsampling errors in, 131 costs, 18 e-StARS. See Statistical Administrative housing unit sampling, 147–148, Records System 155–156, 158–159 Extreme weights, 195 long-form sample of 2000 census, 19 quality control, 57 Frequency of data release, 2, 14, 42, 49–50 F Funding federal fund allocation based on census Federal Agency Information Program, 233 data, 80–95 Federal government guidelines for ACS use for fund allocation of funds based on census data, allocation, 132 80–95 hold-harmless provisions, 85 classification of census data uses, 79 to increase precision in small area uses of ACS, 77, 79–80, 132 studies, 4–5 uses of long-form sample, 79 for methods panels, 11, 248 Federal State Cooperative Program for recommendations for, 4, 11, 228, 248 Population Estimates, 233 share estimating, 132 Feedback from ACS users, 5, 10, 137, 228, state fund allocation based on census 229, 230, 233–234, 235–238 data, 94–98 Field interviews uses of census data, 16 ACS advantages, 2 See also Costs ACS follow-up, 36 ACS margin of error and, 2 ACS procedure, 40 G Master Address File verification, 6 See also Computer-assisted personal Grant allocations, 82 interviewing Group quarters Five-year period estimates ACS data collection methodology, 167, challenges in use of ACS data, 62–63 170 confidentiality issues, 120, 175, 176 ACS residence rules, 31 county-level median family incomes, data collection concerns, 170–172 88–89 definition, 167 data processing procedures, 48–49 institutional, 160, 167, 171, 172, 181 data release schedule, 14, 49–50 Master Address File, 167–168 housing unit sample size, 155 recommendations for research, 7, inflation adjustments, 93, 179 172–173

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From page 323...

... See Migration Housing units studies ACS content and reference periods, Implementation of ACS, 24–25 31–33 advisory group, 10, 237 affordability studies, 95 agency preparations, 134–135 controls, 9, 127–128, 154–155, challenges and opportunities, 4, 61, 194–195, 196–201 227–228, 229, 254–255 evaluation of ACS data products, 23–24 costs, 18 initial sample development, 142–147, data collection mode effects, 6, 161–163, 156–159 192–193, 243–244, 253 Master Address File contents, 148 data quality review, 9, 183 mean absolute percentage error of funding, 4, 228 county estimates, 198–199 housing unit sampling, 23–24, 142–160 mode of data collection, 160–163 network of organizations for, 233–234 nonresponse follow-up sampling, ongoing monitoring and research, 147–148, 155–156 141–142, 238 number of rooms, 59–60 organizational support, 10, 233–234, ongoing research needs for ACS 237 implementation, 141 origins and early development, 20–22 part-time/temporary residences, 258 ramp-up period, 134–137 postcensal estimates, 9, 200, 201 role of media, 235

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From page 324...

... INDEX significance of, 14, 227 nonsampling error considerations, user education and feedback, 5, 10, 11, 130–131 29, 79, 228, 229–238 period estimates, 61–63 See also Applications of ACS data; population control errors, 9 Interpretation of ACS data user preparation for, 232 Imputation, 56–57, 126, 244, 254 variation in weighting adjustments, 187 Income studies Interviewers comparison of C2SS and 2000 long- confidentiality rules, 170 form-sample results, 60–61 data collection mode effects, 6, 161–162, comparisons between studies, 126–127 192–193, 253 county-level median estimates, 87–94 education and training, 2, 161 for federal fund allocation, 84 See also Computer-assisted personal group quarters data, 172 interviewing; Computer-assisted guidelines for ACS data interpretation, telephone interviewing 134 Inverse selection probability weighting, 185, inflation adjustments, 8, 90–93, 134, 186, 188 179, 180 nonsampling errors in, 131 L per capita estimates, 84 period estimates, 4, 89–90 Large cities price change studies and, 92, 93 analyzing changes over time, 102–113 small area studies, 256 availability of ACS data, 100–102 sources for median family estimates, 94 definition, 99 See also Small Area Income and Poverty uses of ACS data, 99–113 Estimates Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 256 Inflation adjustments Local government ACS data interpretation, 134 allocation of funds, 98–117 ACS procedures, 4, 43–47, 48–49, 179 state fund allocation to, 95 ACS quality profile, 244 uses of ACS, 78 in Census 2000 Supplementary Survey See also County-level ACS; Large cities; (C2SS) , 61 Small areas and jurisdictions geographic area-specific, 179 Local Update of Census Addresses, 149, housing amounts, 8, 93–94, 134 150 income studies, 8, 90–93, 134, 179, 180 Long-form sample of decennial census latest-year estimates and, 179–180 academic applications, 121 public use microdata samples, 123 advantages of paired strategy, 16–18 recommendations for, 8, 180–181 allocation of federal funds based on, research needs, 253 80–83 Institutional group quarters, 160, 167, 171, applications, 13, 16 172, 181 costs, 17–18, 19–20 Interpretation of ACS data data collection procedures, 40–42 cautions, 3–4 disadvantages of paired strategy, 17, changes over time, 3, 51, 63, 215 18–20 comparisons with data from other evolution of 15–20 sources, 4, 125–127, 134 federal agency uses, 79–80 decennial census data and, 78 follow-up, 19 educational resources for, 231 group quarters data, 170–171 guidelines, 130–134 historical and technical evolution, 15–16 inflation adjustments, 8 housing unit sampling, 152–153 margin of error considerations, 130 population controls, 207

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From page 325...

... Census 2000 Supplementary Survey, Medicaid, 84 58–61 Methods panels, 11, 247–254 Migration studies, 18, 121, 127, 201–202, 258–259 M Military facilities, 170 Mode bias, 192–193, 243–244, 253 Mail service Month of data collection, 7, 174–175, Delivery Sequence File, 6, 148, 149, 176–177 150–151 Monthly sample. See Tabulation month undeliverable questionnaires, 150 Multiple residences, 258 Mandated uses, 79 Multiyear estimates Margins of error alternative estimands, 209, 210–212 ACS sampling, 2, 10–11, 66, 76 changes over time, 209–210, 214–221 computation, 240, 241 concerns about ACS, 23 interpretation of ACS results, 130 confidentiality effects on quality of data, large city multiyear studies, 102–113 175–176 ninety percent, 64, 66, 74 large city studies, 102–113 one-year public use microdata samples, population change effects, 210, 221–223 119 recommendations for research, 10, 214, public understanding, 124 223 public use microdata samples, 123 single-year estimands from, 210–211 published, 239–240 weighting, 10, 23, 209, 212–214 recommendations for research, 9 See also Five-year period estimates; Marital history, 33 Three-year period estimates Maritime workers, 167 Master Address File contents, 148 N definition, 148 for group quarters, 167–168 Natural disaster shelters, 167 housing unit addresses, 200, 201 Neighborhood sampling errors, 2 housing unit sampling for ACS, New Freedom Program, 82 142–143, 148 No Child Left Behind Act, 83, 87 linkage with other data sources, 214, Noninterview adjustments, 191–193 259, 260 Nonsampling errors, 3, 17, 51, 75, 130, maintenance costs, 17–18 131, 228, 238–239, 243–244 postcensal housing unit estimates and, 9, Nursing homes, 167, 171, 172.

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From page 326...

... INDEX O use of ACS data, 3–4, 61–63, 75 See also Five-year period estimates; Office of Management and Budget, U.S., 79 Multiyear estimates; One-year One-year period estimates period estimates; Three-year period challenges in use of ACS data, 61–62, 63 estimates county-level median family incomes, Population studies 88–89 ACS universe, 30–31 data processing procedures, 43–48 areas that have marked change, 10 for federal fund allocations, 84–85, 86 comparisons between studies, 126 housing data, 155 concerns about ACS, 23 large city applications, 100–104 controls, 47–48, 127, 128, 154–155, from multiyear data, 210–211 201–207, 250, 254 population size cutoff, 8–9, 86, effects of population change in multiyear 100–102, 181, 182, 184, 253 estimates, 210, 221–223 public use microdata samples, 122–123 for federal fund allocation, 85–87 quality indicators, 10 interpreting ACS data, 3, 132–133 sampling design, 36–40 mean absolute percentage error of one sampling error, 74, 132–133 year period estimates, 202–205 small area studies, 133 multiyear estimands, 213 standard error, 67 one-year period population size cutoff, for state fund allocations, 96–98 181–182, 184 transportation planning applications, one-year period population size 119 weighting, 201–207 weighting. See Weighting of one-year opportunities for improvement, 258–259 period estimates postcensal controls, 9 See also Period estimates proportional estimates, 221–222 Origins of ACS, 20–22, 117–118 rare populations, 258 Oversampling recommendations for research, 9, 203, error risk, 64, 67 254 rationale, 36, 158 research needs, 250, 258–259 small jurisdiction applications, 36, 64, seasonal populations, 115–117, 155, 113–114, 158 221, 257 small populations in small jurisdictions, 114–115 P tabulation specifications, 181 three-year period population size cutoff, Paired strategy, 15, 16–20 184 Period estimates, 1 transportation planning applications, collapsing of cells for, 8 118 comparisons between studies, 126 See also Household member county-level median family income characteristics estimates, 89–90 Poverty estimates for federal fund allocation, 87 ACS interpretation, 87 guidelines for ACS data interpretation, comparisons between different data 132, 133–134 sources, 125 inflation adjustments, 4 inflation adjustments, 93 labeling, 4, 133–134 long-form sample, 95 large city applications, 99–102 period estimates, 87 recommendations for research, 9–10, See also Small Area Income and Poverty 201 Estimates seasonal populations and, 115–117 Price change studies, 92, 93, 179

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From page 327...

... See Coefficient of transportation planning applications, variation 119, 120 Replacement procedure, 185 Public use microdata samples Required uses, 79 academic research applications, 121 Research confidentiality protection in, 42–43 academic uses of ACS, 121–123 inflation adjustments, 123 ACS quality profile, 242–246 large city, 100 comparisons between studies, 127, margin of error, 123 251–252 research applications, 122–123 data collection methodology, 247–248 for state fund allocation, 98 income studies, ACS reference period transportation planning applications, effects on, 90 118, 119, 121 key areas, 25 Master Address File, 5, 6, 9, 151–152 ongoing needs, 141–142, 228 Q priorities, 248–254 public use microdata samples, 122–123 Quality assurance, 57, 183 recommendations for, 5–8, 9–11, Quality of data 151–152, 163, 165–167, 172–173, ACS, 2, 51, 75 176–177, 178, 183, 208, 214, 223, automated tools for reviewing, 5, 9, 183, 228, 239, 248, 254, 260 252, 254 residence rules, 5, 7, 165–167 collapsing rules and, 177 uses of ACS, 78 Community Address Updating System, uses of Summary Files, 121, 122 151 Residence rules comparison of C2SS and 2000 long ACS, 31, 163–164 form-sample results, 51–53, 58–61 comparisons between studies, 126 comparisons between studies, 244, 245, long-form sample, 31, 163 251–252 recommendations for research, 5, 7, concerns, 23–24, 149–151 165–167, 254

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From page 328...

... INDEX research needs, 244, 251 research needs, 141, 249 seasonal populations and, 115 size, 2, 5, 33–36, 159–160, 249, 254 two-month rule, 163–164, 166, 251 small areas, 4–5, 36, 64–65, 75–76, 113, types of residences, 31 159–160 Respondent behavior sources of error, 51 ACS, 55 standard error computation, 240–242 Census 2000 Supplementary Survey, School district sampling, 158 54–57 School lunch data, 95 data collection mode effects, 6, 161–162, Season of data collection, 7, 257 192–193, 243–244, 253 Seasonal populations, 115–117, 155, 175, long form vs. short form, 20, 22 221 recommendations for research, 6, 7, Sex distribution, mean absolute percentage 163, 166–167 error of one-year period estimates, research needs, 247–248 204–205 respondent characteristics and, 162–163 Share estimating, 3, 132 Results of ACS Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, 256 quality review, 183 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, release plan, 181 83, 84, 87, 98, 256 Rounding of weights, 195 Small areas and jurisdictions Rural housing unit sampling, 150–151 ACS applications, 113–115, 255–257 ACS user education, 229 aggregation of data, 8–9, 114, 182 S evolution of Census Bureau data collection, 15–16, 20–22 Samples/sampling five-year period estimates, 3, 113–115, ACS design, 33–40, 51 131–132 ACS error estimation, 10–11, 63–74, 75 group quarters data, 171–172 ACS quality profile, 242–246 housing unit sampling, 36, 144–146 analyzing trends over time, 3 initial housing unit sample, 156–158 comparisons between studies, 126 interpretation of ACS data, 3, 133 county-level median family income population change effects on multiyear estimates, 88–89 estimates, 221–223 coverage errors, 54–55, 56, 150 population patterns, 113 data collapsing to prevent error, 8, recommendations for data collection and 177–178 analysis, 4–5, 159–160 documentation of error, 74, 241–242 sampling errors, 36, 64–65, 75–76, 113 evolution of Census Bureau practice, small population estimates, 114–115 15–16 weighting multiyear estimands, 213–214 group quarters, 7, 168–169 Small populations, 258 long-form housing unit sampling frame, Soup kitchens, 167 152–153 Special Education Grants, 82, 85–86 monthly sample defined, 184–185 Standard error nonresponse housing unit follow-up, ACS, 63–66, 67, 72–74 147–148, 155–156, 158–159 ACS quality profile, 243 one-year public use microdata samples, computing sampling errors, 240–242 119 estimates of change between multiyear published margins of error, 239–240, periods, 218–220 242 range of acceptability, 67–72 reallocation, 4–5 research needs, 254 recommendations for research, 5, State Data Centers, 233, 234 151–152, 159–160, 254

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From page 329...

... See Weighting Title V Maternal and Child Health Services of one-year period estimates Block Grants, 82 recommendations for research, 10, 214 Top-coding, 174 research needs, 250, 253 Topologically Integrated Geographic urban area housing unit responses, 150 Encoding and Referencing database, variation in ACS samples, 2 148 Weighting of one-year period estimates Traffic analysis zones, 118, 120 adjustments for extreme weights, 195 Training data sets, 135 base weights, 186–188, 196 Transportation planning goals, 196

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From page 330...

... 0 INDEX housing unit control factors, 194–195, recommendations for review, 9, 196 196–201 rounding procedures, 195 inverse selection probability weighting, supplemental sample, 189–190 185, 186, 188 variation in monthly response factor, nine-step process, 185–186 188–191 noninterview factors, 191–193 Workforce Investment Act, 82 population controls, 194, 201–207

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Key Terms

transportation planning

address file

master address

census bureau

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Index to Executive Summary and Chapters 1-7 Pages 319-330

Index to Executive Summary and Chapters 1-7
Pages 319-330