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APPENDIX D Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update) and Staff Biographies
Pages 778-872

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From page 778... ... , and also serves as a member of EPA's Human Studies Review Board. He had previously served on the committees for Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2002 and Update 2004. Read the entire page →
From page 779... ... Dr. Firestone previously served on the committee for Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004. Read the entire page →
From page 780... ... Her primary interest is focused on understanding how activation of the Ah receptor by TCDD and other ligands suppresses immune responses. She previously served on the Committee on Toxicology, the Subcommittee of Jet Propulsion Fuel 8, and the committee for Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004. Read the entire page →
From page 781... ... Dr. Paxton has worked on several National Academies reports, including Issues in Risk Assessment; Environmental Neurotoxicology; Gulf War and Health: Insecticides and Solvents; Gulf War and Health: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants; Asbestos: Selected Cancers; and Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004. Read the entire page →
From page 782... ... She has been involved with the IOM committees that produced Organ Procurement and Transplantation; Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures; Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes; Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000; Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in the Children of Vietnam Veterans; and Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004. Rose Marie Martinez, Sc.D., is Director of the IOM Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Read the entire page →
From page 783... ... APPENDIX D 783 from Haverford College. Read the entire page →
From page 784... ... , Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1998 (III) , Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000 (IV) Read the entire page →
From page 785... ... See Air Force Health Study lung cancer incidence, data for selected age Aﬂatoxin, I: 453; IV: 267 groups, III: 296; IV: 281; V: 272 Africa, sub-Saharan, II: 181; III: 282; IV: 267; melanoma incidence, data for selected age VI: 221 groups, III: 313; IV: 300; V: 288 Age and aging menopause, VII: 148 acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data multiple myeloma incidence, data for for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 9, selected age groups, III: 377; V: 361 378 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer incidence, data acute myeloid leukemia incidence, data for for selected age groups, III: 289; IV: selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 273; V: 265 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, V: 524 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma age of onset, I: bone/joint cancer incidence, data for 436 selected age groups, III: 302; IV: 288; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence, data V: 279 for selected age groups, III: 362; IV: brain cancer incidence, data for selected age 356; V: 344 groups, III: 356; IV: 351; V: 339, 524 parkinsonism, V: 524 breast cancer incidence in US women, data prostate cancer incidence, data for selected for selected age groups, III: 324; IV: age groups, III: 334; IV: 10, 327; V: 314; V: 301 317, 524 cancer age-speciﬁc incidence, I: 436–438 renal cancers incidence, data for selected chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence, age groups, III: 352; IV: 346 data for selected age groups, III: 384; reproductive disorders, IV: 51–52, 59, 63, IV: 378 66, 71, 80, 200 chronic myeloid leukemia incidence, data for research recommendations, V: 524 selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 soft-tissue sarcoma age of onset, I: 436 Read the entire page →
From page 786... ... , I: 20, 53, 56, IV: 138, 463; V: 478 729; II: 29, 31, 153, 228; III: 28, 344 congressional hearings, II: 27–28; III: 25 See also Department of Veterans Affairs, defoliant effectiveness, I: 90 US (DVA) Department of Veterans Affairs activities, II: Agent Orange Review, I: 56; II: 31; III: 28 29–31, 153, 156–157; III: 27–28; IV: 15 Agent Orange Scientiﬁc Task Force, I: 60–61 Environmental Protection Agency research Agent Orange Study, I: 19, 57, 58–59, 63–64, activities, II: 32; III: 29–30 276–278; II: 102; III: 147, 148; IV: 124 exposure opportunity index (EOI) Read the entire page →
From page 787... ... See Agricultural/forestry workers; case-control studies, I: 326–341, 486–488; Food crops; Forests II: 118–122, 138–140; III: 185–195, Ah receptor (AhR) , I: 3, 123, 134; II: 3–4, 228–232; V: 113–114; VI: 127–128 51–53, 54–56, 57–62; III: 54–58, 129; cohort studies, I: 318–323; II: 118–120, IV: 25–26, 29–30, 42, 47, 50–58, 60, 135–137, 197–198; III: 178–185, 68, 69, 70–73, 76, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 224–228; IV: 197–202; V: 6, 109–113; 87, 90, 93, 94, 95, 99–100; V: 24–25, VI: 124–127 52–55; VI: 55–66; VII: 93 epidemiologic studies, I: 37, 318–323; II: animal studies and, I: 114, 123; II: 3–4, 118–120, 135–137, 232–234, 238–239, 51–53, 54–56, 57–62, 92–93; III: 33, 241–243; III: 178–195, 224–232, 284– 34, 35, 54–58, 62–63, 67–69, 129; IV: 285, 335, 364–365, 379–380, 387–388; 48–49, 61–62, 64–67, 74–75; VI: 55–57 IV: 134, 141–142, 145, 257, 260, 263, anti-estrogenicity and, II: 62; III: 67–69 265, 271, 285, 290, 296, 306, 312, 318, biological consequences of activation, II: 324, 333, 338, 349, 353, 360, 368, 374, 57; III: 62; IV: 56–60, 323 381, 401; V: 3, 143–153, 222–224; VI: blood abnormalities, I: 125 124–125 cacodylic acid acute toxicity, I: 188 female reproductive and breast cancers, I: cacodylic acid and mechanism of toxicity, 510–511; IV: 324–325 II: 50–51; IV: 24 hepatobiliary cancer, I: 454; II: 183–184; cacodylic acid carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, III: 284–285; IV: 271 187; IV: 5, 387 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 265–266; cacodylic acid chronic exposure, I: 188–189 III: 154–157; IV: 202 cacodylic acid developmental toxicity, I: 189 Hodgkin's disease, I: 550–553; II: 135 cacodylic acid genotoxicity, I: 187–188 Irish agricultural workers study, II: 136–137 cacodylic acid mechanism of action, I: kidney cancer, I: 515 188–189 leukemia, I: 332–335, 566–568; II: 136; III: cacodylic acid pharmokinetics, I: 186–187 387–388 cacodylic acid renal toxicity, II: 50–51 malignant lymphoma in, IV: 201 cacodylic acid reproductive toxicity, I: 189 multiple myelomas, I: 11–12, 558–561; cacodylic acid toxicity summary, II: 50; III: II: 138–139, 238–239, 241–243; III: 48; IV: 38 379–380 Read the entire page →
From page 788... ... See US Air Force 757–762 Air Force Health Study (AFHS) , I: 62–63, 260, multiple myelomas in, I: 562; II: 244, 245; 272, 622; II: 284, 293–295, 336; III: 23, IV: 373 25, 29, 239, 438–439, 495, 505, 514; neurological disorders in, I: 659; IV: IV: 13, 232, 233, 234, 235; V: 10, 513; 441–443, 445, 454–455, 459 VI: 120, 260, 406, 492; VII: 173–181, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 541; IV: 241–242, 647–649, 763–767 362 appropriation for, I: 51 participants, I: 722–723; II: 150–152 autoimmune disease in, I: 698 perinatal death in offspring, III: 452–453 basal/squamous cell skin cancer in, III: 318, peripheral nervous system disorders in, I: 321, 322; IV: 309 665; IV: 454–455 baseline mortality studies, II: 151 porphyria cutanea tarda in, I: 681–682; II: birth defects in offspring, II: 286, 293–295; 321–322; III: 481 III: 436, 438, 439; IV: 402 Read the entire page →
From page 789... ... , II: 331, 332; Amitrole, I: 323 III: 45, 509, 510; IV: 37 AML. See Veterans and Agent Orange: Alaskan natives Herbicides/Dioxin Exposure and Acute Inuit, III: 50–51 Myelogenous Leukemia in the Children See also Race/ethnicity of Vietnam Veterans Alberta, Canada, II: 135–136, 232, 242, 246; Amsterdam, Netherlands, V: 5, 228–229, 511; III: 234–235, 319–320; IV: 149, 198, VII: 235 229, 312–313; V: 117 Amyloidosis, IV: 2, 7, 11, 511–513; V: Alberta Cancer Registry, III: 235 506–507; VI: 471–473; VII: 142, Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan, III: 235 472–474, 675 Alcohol consumption, I: 507 biologic plausibility, VI: 473; VII: 474 ALL. Read the entire page →
From page 790... ... 790 INDEX Angiogenesis, VII: 105 cacodylic acid acute toxicity, I: 188 Animal studies, III: 394–396, 524; IV: 254, cacodylic acid carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 256, 269, 275, 279, 290, 293–294, 296; 187; IV: 5, 387 V: 35–36; VI: 29–30, 34–41; VII: 43–44 cacodylic acid chronic exposure, I: 188–189 2,4-D carcinogenicity, I: 118–119, 176–178; cacodylic acid developmental toxicity, I: 189 II: 48; III: 47, 396; IV: 37; VI: 36–40 cacodylic acid genotoxicity, I: 187–188 2,4-D chronic exposure, I: 179–180; IV: 34 cacodylic acid mechanism of action, II: 50; 2,4-D developmental toxicity, I: 124, III: 49–50 180–181; III: 46; VI: 38–39 cacodylic acid mechanism of toxicity, II: 2,4-D disease outcomes and mechanisms of 50–51; IV: 24; VI: 41–43 toxicity, II: 48–49; III: 38–39, 44–47; cacodylic acid pharmacokinetics, I: IV: 30–32, 35 186–187 2,4-D genotoxicity, I: 178–179; IV: 28, 33; cacodylic acid renal toxicity, II: 50–51 VI: 36–40 cacodylic acid reproductive toxicity, I: 189 2,4-D immunotoxicity, I: 122–123, 181; III: cacodylic acid toxicity summary, II: 50; IV: 46, 423; IV: 36; VI: 39 38 2,4-D lethality, III: 44–45; IV: 35 cacodylic acid toxicokinetics, II: 50; III: 48; 2,4-D mechanism of action, II: 47–48; III: IV: 24, 27, 38; VI: 41 44; IV: 33; VI: 40–41 characteristics of, I: 111–114; IV: 48 2,4-D mechanism of toxicity, II: 48–49; IV: epidemiologic studies, IV: 359, 361, 369, 28, 37; VI: 36 381 2,4-D neurotoxicity, II: 48; III: 45–46, 473; evidentiary role, I: 228; IV: 85, 106, 385, IV: 30, 35; VI: 37 515–516 2,4-D pharmacokinetics, I: 175 generalizability, I: 112, 113, 114, 118, 2,4-D reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 180, 122–123, 160; IV: 26, 85, 426, 459 181; III: 46; IV: 29, 36; VI: 38–39 hepatic abnormalities, I: 124–125, 688; IV: 2,4-D toxicity proﬁle update summary, II: 25, 57, 59–60 46; IV: 33 human health relevance of toxicology, III: 2,4-D toxicokinetics, II: 46–47; III: 43–44; 35–36; IV: 26, 48 IV: 24, 27; VI: 34–36 male-mediated disorders, I: 593–594 2,4,5-T acute toxicity, I: 184 nonhuman primates, I: 151 2,4,5-T carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, picloram in, I: 118, 119, 125, 190–192; III: 182–184; III: 396 51 2,4,5-T chronic exposure, I: 184 research recommendations, V: 526–527 2,4,5-T developmental/reproductive toxicity, squamous cell carcinomas, IV: 284 I: 124, 185; II: 49–50 TCDD acute toxicity, II: 75–76 2,4,5-T genotoxicity, I: 184 TCDD and bladder cancer in, IV: 342 2,4,5-T immunotoxicity, I: 123 TCDD and bone/joint cancer in, IV: 290 2,4,5-T mechanism of action, III: 47–48 TCDD and Hodgkin's disease in, IV: 367 2,4,5-T mechanism of toxicity, II: 49–50; TCDD and leukemia disease in, IV: 380 IV: 37 TCDD and multiple myeloma in, IV: 374 2,4,5-T pharmacokinetics, I: 182 TCDD and nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer in, 2,4,5-T toxicity proﬁle update summary, II: IV: 275 49; IV: 37 TCDD and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, 2,4,5-T toxicokinetics, II: 49; III: 47; IV: 37 IV: 358 Ah receptor, I: 3, 123, 134; II: 3–4, 51–53, TCDD and prostate cancer in, IV: 332 54–56, 57–62; III: 54–58, 129; IV: 4, TCDD and soft-tissue sarcoma in, IV: 279 30, 386 TCDD carcinogenicity, I: 3, 116, 138–142; amyloidosis, IV: 512 II: 3, 65–68; IV: 26, 305, 311 blood abnormalities, I: 125; IV: 496 TCDD cardiovascular toxicity, I: 171; II: breast cancer, IV: 29, 317–318 76; III: 74–75 Read the entire page →
From page 791... ... See Aspartate aminotransferase TCDD reproductive toxicity, I: 123–124, Asthma, I: 708, 711, 713; IV: 199 156–159; II: 3, 71–72; III: 92–105; IV: See also Respiratory disorders 26, 64, 323, 337, 411, 432, 434 Astrocytomas, V: 525 TCDD respiratory tract toxicity, I: 170 Ataxia, I: 658 TCDD toxicity update summary, II: 51–53 See also Motor/coordination dysfunction; TCDD toxicokinetics, II: 3, 53–54; III: 4–5, Neurobehavioral toxicity 33; IV: 3, 23, 41, 47 Atlanta, Georgia, II: 241, 296; III: 229 toxicity, potential health risks and CDC Birth Defects Study, II: 9; III: 438; contributing factors, III: 106, 107, 108; IV: 237 VI: 45–47 Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, I: 387 Anthropometry. See Body weight Atlantic Ocean, III: 108 AOR. Read the entire page →
From page 792... ... See Methodological bias publication, VI: 30–31 B Binghamton, New York, III: 234; IV: 149; V: 117 Biochemical warfare, I: 29, 45 B cell function, I: 147, 148 Biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 2, 124, 128; Baltic Sea, II: 329; III: 108, 236, 272, 285, 358, IV: 2–3, 16, 20–22, 26, 29, 106–107, 484, 515 249, 385–388; V: 4, 378–381, 516–518; Baltimore, Maryland, V: 5, 400 VI: 18, 24–25, 483–485; VII: 26, 36–37, Baltimore-Washington Infant Study, V: 400 263 Basal/squamous cell skin cancer, VII: 366–371 Ah receptor-TCDD interaction, I: 3, biologic plausibility, III: 322; IV: 311; V: 133–137, 439, 452–453; III: 129; IV: 300; VI: 264–265; VII: 371 48, 86 epidemiologic studies, III: 317–322, 323; V: altered sperm parameters, I: 634; III: 451 296, 297–298, 299; VI: 261–265; VII: 370 amyloidosis, V: 505; VI: 473; VII: 474 Read the entire page →
From page 793... ... INDEX 793 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, VI: 420–422; Hodgkin's disease, I: 557; III: 377; IV: 367; VII: 584 V: 361; VI: 319; VII: 465 animal studies, I: 228; II: 176; III: 460–462, hormonal effects, VI: 394–397 474–475; IV: 431–435 hyperlipidemia, I: 692 basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 322; V: immune system disorders, VI: 447–448; 300; VI: 264–265; VII: 371 VII: 619–620 birth defects, II: 298; III: 444; IV: 403; V: immunotoxicity, I: 122, 146–151, 181, 192, 404; VI: 365; VII: 543–544 699; III: 491 bladder cancer, III: 351; IV: 342–343; V: infant death, VII: 530–531 333; VI: 291; VII: 414 infertility, I: 634; II: 282; III: 451; VI: 372; bone/joint cancer, I: 474; III: 304; IV: 290; VII: 523–524 V: 282; VI: 245; VII: 345 kidney cancer, V: 338; VII: 420 brain tumors, I: 525; III: 362; IV: 352; V: laryngeal cancer, III: 295; IV: 279; V: 343; VI: 302; VII: 432 271–272; VI: 234; VII: 330 breast cancer, II: 217; III: 327, 329; IV: leukemia, I: 571; III: 390; IV: 380–381; V: 317–318; V: 309; VI: 269–270; VII: 372, 376; VI: 333, 337; VII: 485–486 379–380 lipid and lipoprotein disorders, VI: carcinogenicity, I: 116–118, 119, 146, 459–463; VII: 637–638 176–178, 182–184, 187, 190–191, 439, liver disorders, I: 691–692; II: 335; III: 451; II: 176; III: 394–397; IV: 385–387 513–514; IV: 270; VII: 643 childhood cancer, I: 630; II: 300; IV: 426; low birthweight outcomes, I: 628; III: 458; VI: 389; VII: 552–553 V: 425; VI: 382–383; VII: 534 chloracne, I: 678; II: 320–321; III: 480; IV: lung cancer, III: 302; IV: 284; V: 278; VII: 466; V: 479; VI: 438; VII: 601–602 340–341 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, VII: male-mediated reproductive outcomes, I: 489-490 593–595; III: 451; IV: 413, 416–417, 426 circulatory disorders, I: 708; III: 518; IV: melanoma, III: 317; IV: 305; V: 295; VI: 510; V: 505–506; VI: 471; VII: 669–670 260; VII: 363 colorectal cancer, VII: 209 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 661; III: diabetes mellitus, I: 692; II: 335; III: 475; IV: 448 502–503; IV: 488; V: 492; VI: 456; VII: multiple myeloma, I: 12, 563; III: 383; IV: 630–631 374; V: 366; VI: 325; VII: 472 endocrine cancers, VII: 442 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 460; III: endometrial cancer, IV: 322 292; IV: 275; V: 268; VI: 230 endometriosis, VI: 478; VII: 679 neonatal death, VII: 530–531 esophageal cancer, VII: 290 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314; III: evidentiary role of, I: 111, 114, 223–224, 474–475; VI: 409 240–241, 434; II: 88, 92, 176; III: 23, neuropsychological disorders, I: 658; IV: 106–107; V: 23–24 457–459; VI: 429–430 female reproductive system cancers, I: 512; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 549; III: 366; III: 334; IV: 323; V: 316 IV: 358–359; V: 355; VI: 312; VII: 456 fetal/neonatal/infant death, I: 624; III: 453 pancreatic cancer, VII: 324 gastrointestinal disorders, III: 513–514; V: parkinsonism, VI: 419–420; VII: 579 502; VI: 466; VII: 643 perinatal death, III: 453, 458; IV: 413; V: gastrointestinal tract cancers, III: 281–282; 422; VI: 379 IV: 256; V: 246; VI: 221 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 666; genitourinary tract cancers, I: 521–522 V: 470–472; VI: 428; VII: 589 genotoxicity, I: 178–179, 184, 187–188, 191 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 679, 682; II: hepatobiliary cancer, I: 453, 457; III: 286, 323; III: 482; IV: 468; V: 480; VII: 603 288; IV: 270; V: 263–264; VI: 225–226; prostate cancer, III: 343; IV: 331–332; V: VII: 317–318 323–324; VI: 282–283; VII: 401 Read the entire page →
From page 794... ... See Low birthweight research recommendations, I: 17, 725; II: 25 Bladder cancer and disorders, VII: 407–414 sperm parameters as, I: 631 biologic plausibility, III: 351; IV: 342–343; Bionetics Research Laboratory, I: 30 V: 333; VI: 291; VII: 414 Birth defects, VII: 535–545 epidemiologic studies, I: 515–517; II: 225– biologic plausibility, III: 444; IV: 403; V: 227; III: 347–351; IV: 19, 339–347, 404; VI: 365; VII: 543–544 385, 387; V: 5, 17, 330–332, 333; VI: deﬁnition of, I: 605–606; II: 286; III: 435; 286–292; VII: 408–413 IV: 400; V: 393–394 epidemiology, II: 223; III: 347 epidemiologic studies, II: 140, 286–296; herbicide association in, I: 12, 521, 576; II: III: 436, 437–438, 443; IV: 247, 403; V: 7, 12, 21, 225–227, 250; III: 3, 10, 21, 404; VI: 355–365; VII: 536–543 132, 347–351; IV: 19, 31, 40; V: 17, 21, epidemiology, I: 606; II: 286; III: 435–436 328–333; VI: 16–17 evaluation of epidemiologic data, I: herbicide environmental exposure and, 615–618; IV: 144–145, 403 III: 349, 350–351; IV: 341; V: 329, herbicide association ﬁrst reports, I: 1 331–332; VII: 411, 413 herbicide association in, I: 13–14, 618; II: herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 7, 11, 20, 286–296; III: 436–444; IV 348, 350; IV: 340–341; V: 329, 330; 400–405; V: 393–405 VII: 408–413 herbicide environmental exposure studies, histopathology, I: 513 I: 608–609; II: 140, 287–288, 297; III: incidence, I: 513 437; V: 394, 400–402; VI: 363; VII: 536–543 Read the entire page →
From page 795... ... INDEX 795 incidence, data by age/gender/race, for epidemiologic studies, II: 136, 229–230; selected age groups, III: 347; IV: 340; III: 356–361; IV: 198; V: 340–343; VI: V: 328; VI: 287 296–302; VII: 425–432 risk factors, I: 513–514; V: 333 epidemiology, I: 522–523; II: 228–229; III: scientiﬁc literature update, II: 226–227; III: 356 348–349; IV: 340; V: 329, 332; VI: 291 herbicide association in, I: 12, 525, 576; II: TCDD association with, IV: 19, 24; V: 5 7, 12, 21, 229–230, 250; III: 8, 12, 21, Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 513, 517, 522; II: 356–362; IV: 19; V: 17, 338–343 223, 226; III: 349, 351; V: 333; VI: 292 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: Vietnam veterans' studies, VII: 411–413 358, 361; IV: 351; V: 341–342; VI: 301; See also Genitourinary cancers VII: 428–429, 431 Body mass index (BMI) , II: 281; III: 499, 502 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: Body weight, loss of and TCDD, II: 3 357–358, 360; IV: 351; V: 340–341; VI: Boehringer-Ingelheim, I: 313; III: 153–154; IV: 301; VII: 144, 425–431 111–112; V: 220; VI: 172 incidence, data by gender/race, for selected Bone development effects, VI: 68–69; VII: age groups, III: 356; IV: 351; V: 339; 89–90 VI: 297 Bone/joint cancer, VII: 342–346, 711 research recommendations, V: 524 biologic plausibility, III: 304; V: 282; VI: scientiﬁc literature update, II: 229–230; 245; VII: 345 III: 357–359; IV: 351; V: 339, 342; VI: children and, I: 628 301–302 chondrosarcomas of the skull, III: 2, 10, TCDD association with, IV: 19; VII: 266, 304 114–116 epidemiologic studies, III: 303–305; V: Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 525; II: 228–229, 280–282; VI: 242–245; VII: 342–345 230; IV: 353; V: 343; VI: 302 epidemiology, I: 472–473; II: 204; III: 302 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 358–359, herbicide association in, I: 13, 473–474, 361; IV: 352; V: 342; VI: 301–302; VII: 577; II: 6, 11, 20, 204–205, 249–250; 429–432 III: 7, 10, 303–305; V: 278–282; VII: Breast cancer, VII: 371–382, 710–711 141 agricultural workers and, I: 510; IV: 140 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: biologic plausibility, II: 217; III: 327, 329; 303, 305; IV: 289; V: 280; VII: 344–345 IV: 318; V: 309; VI: 269–270; VII: herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 379–380 303, 305; IV: 288; V: 280; VII: 342–345 epidemiologic studies, II: 214–216, 217; incidence of, data by gender/race, for III: 324–328; IV: 318–320; V: 302–304, selected age groups, III: 302; IV: 288; 308; VI: 265–270; VII: 373–379 VI: 242 epidemiology, I: 505, 506–507; II: 213–214; scientiﬁc literature update, II: 204–205; III: III: 322, 324; IV: 144 303; IV: 288; V: 279, 281; VI: 242–244 herbicide association in, I: 13; II: 6, 11, Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 473, 474; II: 204; 12, 20, 89, 213–217, 249–250; III: 7, IV: 290; V: 282; VI: 245 10, 324–329; IV: 24, 29, 38, 73; V: Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 303, 305; IV: 300–309; VII: 142–143 289; V: 281; VII: 344–345 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: Boston Hospital for Women, II: 291–292 511, 512; III: 328; IV: 315; V: 302–303, Brain tumors, I: 339; IV: 350; VII: 304–307; VII: 375–379 423–433,711–712 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 2,4-D exposure and, I: 119, 176–177 214–216; III: 324–326, 328; IV: 315; V: agricultural workers and, I: 320; II: 136 301, 302, 304; VII: 144, 147, 373–378 biologic plausibility, III: 362; IV: 352; V: histopathology, I: 505–506 343; VI: 302; VII: 432 incidence in US women, data by race, for clinical features, I: 522 selected age groups, III: 324; IV: 314; V: 301; VI: 265 Read the entire page →
From page 796... ... See Lung cancer 159–160, 229, 731 Brown, Jesse, II: 24; III: 24, 25 Camp Drum, New York, I: 25–26, 89 Bureau of Census, III: 231 Canada, I: 11, 319–320, 323, 374–375, 443, Bureau of Labor Statistics, I: 79, 80 467–468, 537–539, 620, 650; II: 8, 132, Burkitt lymphoma, V: 430 135–136, 140, 219–220, 243, 248; III: n-Butyl esters, I: 27; IV: 117–119 226, 232, 303, 309, 335, 344, 348, 353; IV: 141, 199, 209, 257, 296, 333, 353, 360, 374, 381; V: 352; VI: 50, 125–126, C 176 Census of Agriculture, 1971, II: 135 Ca Mau peninsula, I: 100, 104 Census of Population, 1971, II: 135 Cacodylic acid, I: 88–89; II: 4; III: 5, 19, 32, Central Farm Register, 1971, II: 135 135, 136, 137, 218; IV: 22, 117–118, Central Farm Register, 1981, II: 135 133; V: 1, 3, 4; VI: 1, 3, 11, 20–21, Cross-Canada Study of Pesticides and 41–43, 118–119, 201, 276, 436 Health, VII: 167 acute toxicity, I: 188 Mortality Data Base, II: 135; III: 227 animal studies, I: 185–189; II: 50–51; III: Mortality Study of Canadian Male Farm 34, 38, 48, 49–50, 396; IV: 5; VI: 41–43 Operators, II: 135–136; III: 224; IV: carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 187; II: 40; III: 140, 198–200; VII: 161 396; V: 39 Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, II: 139 chemical properties/structure, I: 111, 114, Saskatchewan Hospital Services Plan, II: 186; II: 38; III: 32; V: 21 139 chronic exposure, I: 188–189 Statistics Canada, III: 227 and circulatory disorders, V: 503 See also Alberta, Canada; British Columbia, developmental toxicity, I: 124, 189 Canada; Manitoba, Canada; New dimethylarsenic radical formation and, II: 4 Brunswick, Canada; Ontario, Canada; disease outcomes, III: 34, 50; IV: 25, 31 Saskatchewan, Canada Read the entire page →
From page 797... ... tract cancers III: 265–266 Read the entire page →
From page 798... ... See Classiﬁcation and regression tree 63–64; II: 28; III: 25; IV: 125–126 method Agent Orange Study, I: 276–278; II: 102; CAS. See Chemical Abstract Service IV: 124 Case-control studies, VII: 741–752 birth defects research, I: 387–389, 609–612; agriculture/forestry workers, I: 326–341; II: 289; IV: 124; V: 418 II: 138–140; III: 185–195, 228–232; V: epidemiological studies, II: 113, 155–156; 153–166; VI: 127–128 III: 26, 207–209, 218, 240; IV: evidentiary role of, I: 234–235, 727; II: 156–157, 208, 235, 236, 237; V: 123, 94–95, 178, 179, 180, 188; III: 130; IV: 182–183; VI: 138–139 105, 108 exposure opportunity index, I: 274–276, herbicide environmental exposure, II: 611–612; II: 290–291; III: 147–148 144–146, 148–149, 184, 186, 190, 193, neural tube defects in children, studies by, 241; III: 201–204; IV: 227–231, 322 IV: 18; V: 16; VI: 15 research methodology, I: 728 Read the entire page →
From page 799... ... See Neuroblastoma Neurobehavioral toxicity; Neurologic Children disorders spina biﬁda in Vietnam veterans offspring, Cerebrospinal Malformation (CSM) Study, I: II: 9–10, 296, 298, 309; III: 7, 8, 9–10, 610; II: 289–290 21, 24–25, 437–438 Cerebrovascular disease, I: 702 Children, cancer in, I: 14, 594–595, 628–631; stroke, I: 658, 659, 660 II: 7, 11, 20; IV: 399–400, 417–420, Cervical cancers, I: 13, 505, 509, 510, 512; II: 422, 425–426, 427, 428, 432; V: 6; III: 329, 330, 332; IV: 320–321, 324, 425–432; VII: 142, 144, 546–553 385; V: 5, 310, 311; VI: 272; VII: 385 biologic plausibility, VI: 389; VII: 552–553 Chance, VI: 23 epidemiologic studies, II: 299; V: 427–429, Chapaevsk, Russia, V: 5–6, 117–118, 228, 245, 432; VI: 383–389; VII: 547–552 269, 279, 292, 294, 299, 305, 314, 316, epidemiology, II: 298; IV: 422–425 322, 329, 332–333, 337, 368, 371, 402, herbicide association in, II: 299–300; V: 416–417, 436, 504–505; VI: 133, 180; 425–432; VII: 547–552 VII: 234 scientiﬁc literature update, II: 299–300; IV: Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Read the entire page →
From page 800... ... , II: 129; IV: 184, 470, 472, III: 468–469; V: 449–451; VI: 406–410; 474, 475; VI: 441 VII: 569 See also Respiratory disorders herbicide association in, I: 657–658; II: Chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, V: 6, 7, 11, 20, 307–309; III: 468–469; IV: 465–469; VI: 6 441–443; V: 449–451; VI: 6 scientiﬁc literature update, V: 466–467 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: TCDD and, V: 465–469 651–653; II: 148 herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: 649–651; V: 6 Read the entire page →
From page 801... ... See Legislation; US Congress 222–230; VI: 169–174; VII: 147–149 Congressional hearings methodology, I: 229–232 Agent Orange and, II: 27–28; III: 25 Ranch Hand cohort, II: 109, 150–152, Connecticut, tumor registry, III: 235, 388 154–156, 201; IV: 13, 18, 150–156 COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary Vietnam veterans, II: 149–160, 187, 218; disease III: 206–217; IV: 232–247 Corticosterone, TCDD and, I: 168, 171–172 Vietnamese civilians cohort, II: 108–109 Cox Proportional Hazard, III: 499, 502 Colon cancer CRABP-II. Read the entire page →
From page 802... ... See 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid self-reports, I: 270–271 Data sources state government, I: 60 Agent Orange Registry, I: 20, 53, 56, 729; state-sponsored Vietnam veteran studies, II: 153 I: 400–405, 495–496; III: 213–215, agricultural/forestry worker studies, I: 243–244 265–266, 318–341; IV: 140–142 TCDD production workers, I: 264–265; IV: animal studies, I: 111–114, 228 134–140 biological stored samples as, I: 20–21, Toxline, IV: 252 729–730 troop location, I: 273–279, 287; IV: 121 Cancerlit, IV: 253 Vietnam casualties, I: 82–83 case reports, I: 235–236 Vietnam military herbicide use, I: 84–85 Centers for Disease Control studies, I: 387– Vietnam veteran demographics, I: 79, 80–84 391; II: 113, 155–156; III: 207–209, Vietnam veteran exposure assessment use, 218, 240; IV: 133, 156–157 I: 270–287 chemical production workers, I: 303–318; Vietnam veteran reproductive outcomes, I: IV: 134–140 601 computerized data bases, I: 735–736; II: Vietnamese civilian health outcomes, I: 24–25, 31 371–372 Department of Veterans Affairs women veterans, I: 83–84; II: 152–153 epidemiologic studies, I: 393–399; II: See also Death certiﬁcates; Epidemiologic 152, 153; III: 209–212, 218, 240–243; studies; Military records; Questionnaires IV: 151, 157–158 DBCP. See Dibromochloropropane epidemiologic controlled studies, I: DDT, I: 87, 91; IV: 141 228–237; II: 150–153 Death certiﬁcates, I: 236–237; II: 128, 136, epidemiologic studies as, I: 737–738 137–138, 151; III: 470; IV: 112 herbicide environmental exposure studies, See also Data sources I: 267–269, 372–375, 383–384; IV: Deaths 147–150 2,4-D lethality, III: 44–45; IV: 35 herbicide exposure reconstruction model, I: Australian Vietnam veterans lung cancer 725–726 deaths, III: 424 herbicide non-military exposures, I: 4–5, female reproductive system cancer deaths, 222–223, 241–242 by cancer site, III: 329 herbicide/pesticide applicators, I: 266–267, Finland male herbicide applicators 323–326; IV: 142–143 respiratory cancer mortality, II: 271 HERBS tapes, I: 20, 62, 85, 96–98, Germany herbicide/chemical production 273–279, 287, 291, 602, 725; III: 146, workers cancer mortality, III: 423, 429 148; IV: 123, 125 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality, III: International Register of Workers Exposed 429; IV: 355 to Phenoxy Herbicides and Their prostate cancer mortality, III: 426, 427; IV: Contaminants, I: 313–314; IV: 137 326; V: 319–321 mandated efforts, I: 20–21 respiratory cancer mortality, III: 421, 422, Medline, IV: 252 423; IV: 273 organization of, I: 737 Seveso, Italy, male cancer mortality, II: 271, paper/pulp mill workers, I: 341, 364; IV: 275; III: 422, 427; IV: 282 114, 134 TCDD lethality, III: 71–73; V: 69–70; VI: presentations/reports to committee, I: 67 739–756; II: 343–348; III: 533–536 See also Child mortality studies; Death randomized controlled trials, I: 227–228 certiﬁcates; Mortality studies; Perinatal reproductive outcomes, I: 593–595 death Read the entire page →
From page 803... ... , II: 45, 48, 50, recommendations for, I: 724–725, 726–730; 51, 54, 55, 56, 57–58, 60, 61, 64, 74, II: 24–25; VII: 702–703 75; III: 34, 35, 39, 42, 43, 48, 49, 53, research efforts, I: 54–55; II: 29–30; III: 54, 56, 57, 58–61, 65, 67, 69, 75, 77, 27–28 83, 90, 91, 98, 99, 103, 104, 109; IV: veterans' advocacy groups and, I: 61; VI: 20 29, 33, 40, 47, 48, 49, 53, 60, 64, 67, Vietnam veteran compensation and beneﬁts, 68, 69, 70, 73, 75, 77, 85, 458; V: 4; VI: II: 24, 30–31; III: 28 166; VII: 5, 103–104 Vietnam veteran epidemiologic studies, I: Department of Agriculture, US (USDA) , I: 50, 393–399, 445, 469–470, 493–495, 35, 39, 443; II: 178, 219, 224, 229, 543–547, 562; II: 101, 113, 156–157, 238–239, 248; III: 230, 335, 352; IV: 201–202; III: 209–212, 218, 240–243; 212, 213, 257, 259, 262, 264, 267, 301, V: 123–126, 183–187 345, 350, 355, 364, 371, 376, 383 women veterans epidemiological studies, II: Agricultural Census, IV: 149 152–153; IV: 399 extension agents, IV: 144 See also Agent Orange Registry Department of Air Force, US (AOR) Read the entire page →
From page 804... ... butyric acid, V: 33 See also Herbicides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) , II: 4, Detroit, Michigan, II: 241; III: 229 18; III: 5, 19, 135, 136, 137; IV: 4–5, Developmental disorders, VI: 38–39; VII: 110–111, 122, 133; V: 1, 3, 12; VI: 1, 517–565 3, 20, 34–41, 118–119, 201, 276, 436; 2,4-D in, I: 180–181; II: 42; III: 46 VII: 31 2,4,5-T in, I: 185; II: 42, 49–50 acute toxicity, I: 179 cacodylic acid in, I: 189; II: 42 Agent Orange and, I: 27 neurological, I: 660 Agent White and, I: 90 picloram in, I: 192; II: 42 altered sperm parameters, I: 632 TCDD in, I: 123–124, 149, 156–157, animal studies, I: 174–181; II: 46–49; III: 159–160, 185; II: 3, 41–42, 71, 72–73; 34, 36–37, 38–39, 43–47, 396, 462, III: 92–105; V: 67–69, 72–73; VI: 475; VI: 34–41 83–87; VII: 111–117 carcinogenicity, I: 118–119, 176–178, 439; See also Low birthweight; Reproductive II: 40, 48; III: 47, 396; VI: 36–40 disorders cell stress responses, V: 34; VI: 40–41 Diabetes mellitus, I: 683–685, 691, 692, 698; chemical properties, I: 114, 175; II: 38; III: II: 7; IV: 481; V: 6; VII: 620–632 32 biologic plausibility, III: 502–503; IV: 488; chemical structure, I: 111, 114 V: 492; VI: 456; VII: 630–631 chronic exposure, I: 179–180 diagnostic criteria, III: 493, 494 development of, I: 24, 26, 35 epidemiologic concerns, III: 494 developmental toxicity, I: 124, 180–181; II: epidemiologic studies, II: 330–331; III: 42; III: 46; VI: 38–39 494–502; IV: 182, 232; V: 492; VI: disease outcomes, III: 34, 38–39, 44–47; V: 448–456; VII: 623–630 34–37 epidemiology, II: 330; III: 491–492, 493 domestic use, I: 174–175, 177–178 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: energy metabolism, V: 33–34; VI: 40 497; IV: 484–485; V: 489, 491; VI: 15, formulations, I: 175 450; VII: 625–626, 628 genotoxicity, I: 119, 178–179; V: 33; VI: herbicide exposure and, II: 332–333; III: 36–40 2, 11–12, 125, 494–503; IV: 152; V: half-life of, II: 4 485–492 immunotoxicity, I: 122, 181; II: 41; III: 46, herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 524; VI: 39 496; IV: 483–484; V: 487–491; VI: 450 infertility and, II: 280–282 pathogenetic diversity of, III: 494 ingestion of, I: 653 peripheral neuropathy and, relationship, III: kidney toxicity, I: 125; II: 42 471–472; V: 468–469; VI: 6 lethality, III: 44–45 prevalence, data by age/race/gender, III: 492 liver toxicity, I: 125; II: 42; III: 524 scientiﬁc literature update, II: 330–331; III: mechanism of action, II: 47–48; III: 44; V: 496, 497; IV: 483; V: 487; VI: 450–455 33–34; VI: 40–41 TCDD and, V: 490 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 48–49; VI: 36 type 2 (adult-onset) Read the entire page →
From page 805... ... See Department of Defense, US thyroid hormones, V: 34; VI: 40 Domestic herbicide use toxicity proﬁles, V: 76–77; VI: 88 2,4-D, I: 174–175 toxicokinetics, II: 46–47; III: 32–33, 36–37, 2,4,5-T, I: 181–182 43–44; IV: 27–28; V: 31–32; VI: 34–36 agricultural use, I: 24, 35, 39, 174–175, 181 toxicologic properties, IV: 22–25, 27–31, pet cancers and, I: 119, 177–178 33–37; VI: 33–34 picloram, I: 189 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, TCDD contamination in, I: 91 data, III: 136; IV: 117–119 See also Agricultural/forestry workers See also Herbicides Dopaminergic system, I: 163–164, 165 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) Doppler measurement, VI: 467 differences with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Dormagen, Germany, III: 154; IV: 112 acid (2,4-D) Read the entire page →
From page 806... ... III: 144–145, 156–157 TCDD and, II: 66 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: Embryological effects, VII: 111 323; V: 297–298, 299; VII: 368, 370 Emphysema, I: 708, 713 birth defects and, I: 608–609; II: 140, See also Respiratory disorders 287–288; III: 437; V: 394, 400–402; VI: EMSA. See Electrophoretic mobility shift gene 363; VII: 536–543 Encephalopathy, I: 649 birthweight, low, and, III: 459 See also Cognitive/neuropsychiatric bladder cancer and, I: 516–517; III: 349, disorders 350–351; V: 329, 331–332; VII: 411, End points, VII: 143, 146, 150–151 413 molecular and cellular, V: 26 bone/joint cancer and, III: 303, 305; V: 280; nonfunctional, V: 484 VII: 344–345 toxic, V: 55–69; VI: 36, 41–43, 55–87; VII: brain tumors and, I: 523; III: 358, 361; V: 58–61, 88–117 341–342; VI: 301; VII: 428–429, 431 Endocrine cancers, VII: 433–443 breast cancer and, III: 328; V: 302–303, Endocrine system, I: 150–151; IV: 156 304–307; VII: 375–379 TCDD toxicity, III: 83–84; IV: 77, 331; V: breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218; V: 66–67, 73–74; VI: 82–83; VII: 110 300–301 Endometrial cancer, IV: 320–324, 385 cancer risk factor, I: 442 Endometriosis, V: 508–510; VII: 142, 675–680 cancer studies, I: 442, 444, 454–455, 469; biological plausibility, V: 509–510; VI: 478; II: 147–148, 179–180, 184 VII: 679 cancers of the digestive organs, VII: 285 clinical features, V: 508 cancers of the eye and orbit, VII: 422 epidemiologic studies, V: 509; VI: 473–478; childhood cancer, VII: 547-552 VII: 676–678 cervical cancer, VII: 385 herbicide association in, V: 508–510 chloracne and, I: 676–677; VII: 600–601 scientiﬁc literature review, V: 508–509; VI: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, VII: 474–477 488–489 TCDD and, V: 508 circulatory disorders and, I: 701–702; VI: Vietnam veterans and, V: 510; VI: 478 468; VII: 664, 666 Energy metabolism, VI: 40; VII: 54–55, 57 colon cancer and, V: 251–252; VII: England. Read the entire page →
From page 807... ... INDEX 807 colorectal cancer, VII: 309 melanoma and, III: 316; IV: 302–303; V: diabetes and, III: 497; V: 489, 491; VI: 450; 291–292; VI: 256; VII: 358, 362 VII: 625–626, 628 motor/coordination dysfunction and, I: endocrine cancers, VII: 436–436, 441 658–659 endometriosis, VII: 676–678 multiple myeloma and, I: 562; II: 243; III: epidemiologic studies, I: 3, 301, 365–384, 380, 382; V: 364–365; VI: 324; VII: 469; II: 3, 6–7, 140–149; III: 197–205, 469, 471 218, 232–236, 271–272, 275, 277, nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, II: 189; III: 279–281, 283, 285, 287–288, 290, 291, 290, 291; IV: 274–275; V: 266; VI: 229; 297–298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, VII: 272 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, neonatal death and, I: 621; III: 455 350–351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, neural tube defects, II: 297; III: 437; IV: 18 373, 375, 380, 382, 388–389, 392, 437, neurobehavioral disorders association 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: studies, II: 306; III: 467 147–150, 224–231, 254; V: 226–229; neuroblastoma, V: 429–431 VI: 129–134, 177–182, 540–550; VII: neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 651–653; 168–172 II: 148 esophageal cancer, VII: 290 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 540–541; evidentiary role of research on, I: 4–5, II: 234; III: 365, 369; IV: 17; V: 222–223, 241–242 347–348, 351–354; VI: 310–311; VII: female reproductive system cancers and, I: 449–451, 455–456 511; III: 333; V: 311, 312, 313, 314 ovarian cancer and, III: 333; IV: 321–322; gastrointestinal/digestive disorders and, V: VII: 388 245; VII: 642 pancreatic cancer and, V: 258; VII: 321, 323 gastrointestinal tract tumors and, II: 179– peripheral nervous system disorders and, I: 180; III: 271–272, 275, 277, 279–281; 663–665 IV: 254; V: 245; VI: 219–220 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 680–681 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 454–455; II: preterm birth and, III: 459 184, 185, 186; III: 283, 285, 287–288; prostate cancer and, II: 221, 222; III: 336, V: 262–263, 269; VII: 314–315, 317 338, 342; IV: 329; V: 320–321, 322; VI: Hodgkin's disease and, II: 236; III: 373, 281; VII: 392–393, 399 375; V: 358–359, 366; VI: 318; VII: rectal cancer and, V: 255–256; VII: 461–462, 464 306–307 immune modulation and, I: 693–694 renal cancers and, III: 353, 354; IV: 347 immune system disorder and, VI: 445–446; respiratory cancers and, I: 469; II: 190, 193, VII: 619 200–201 infant death and, III: 456 respiratory disorders, VII: 609–610, 614 infertility and, VI: 366–371; VII: 520, 523 skin cancers and, VI: 256; VII: 358, 362 kidney cancer, VII: 417–418, 420 soft-tissue sarcomas and, I: 491–492; II: laryngeal cancer and, V: 270–271; VI: 233; 207–208; III: 319; IV: 116; V: 285–286; VII: 328–329 VI: 246–250; VII: 350–351, 353 leukemia and, I: 568–570; III: 388–389, spontaneous abortion and, I: 598–599; V: 392; IV: 379; V: 368, 370–371; VI: 332; 414–417; VII: 527–528 VII: 481–482, 485 stillbirth and, I: 620; III: 454 lip cancer, VII: 278 stomach cancer and, V: 248–249; VII: lipid/lipoprotein disorders and, III: 520; IV: 294–295, 298 493; VI: 458; VII: 635 testicular cancer and, III: 344, 345; V: 327; low birthweight, VI: 381–382; VII: 533–534 VII: 404, 406 lung cancer and, III: 297–298, 301; IV: thyroid homeostasis and, VI: 480 282–283; V: 275–276; VI: 240; VII: tongue cancer, VII: 280 335–336, 339 uterine cancer and, III: 333; VII: 387 Read the entire page →
From page 808... ... , II: 32; III: 340–343; VI: 296–302; VII: 425–432 29 breast cancer, II: 6, 176, 213–217, 218; III: TCDD cancer potency estimate, I: 138 7, 10, 324–328; IV: 315–316; V: 302– Times Beach, Missouri, I: 41; III: 234; IV: 304, 308; VI: 265–270; VII: 373–379 148 cancer, I: 45, 59, 317, 320–323, 367, 383– Vietnam military use of herbicides, 384, 391–393, 401, 402–403, 435–445, response, II: 32; III: 29–30, 136 574; II: 133–138, 147–148, 175, 176; Enzyme induction III: 265–266; VI: 5, 201–353; VII: 7–8 liver, I: 155–156 cancer latency issues, II: 260–276; III: lung, I: 170 407–431 porphyria, I: 153–154 cancers of the eye and orbit, VII: 421–423 TCDD and, II: 3, 66–67 case-control studies, I: 326–341; II: 94–95, EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency 118–127, 138–140, 144–146, 148–149, Epidemiologic studies, VII: 717–777 155, 157, 159–160, 183–184, 186–187, acute and subacute transient peripheral 188, 190, 193, 200, 222–223, 240–241; neuropathy, II: 312–314 III: 173, 175, 185–195, 201–204, 208– acute myelogenous leukemia, VII: 493–494 217, 228–232; IV: 143–146, 207–220, aging effects control, II: 261–262; III: 409 227–231, 236–245, 247; VI: 127–128 agricultural/forestry workers, I: 318–323, cervical cancer, III: 332 326–341; II: 118–120, 135–137, 183, Chapevsk, Russia, VI: 180 197–198, 232–234, 238–239, 241–243; chemical industry production workers, I: III: 178–195, 224–232, 335, 364–365, 303–318; II: 114–118, 128–135, 191, 379–380, 387–388; IV: 134, 140, 193–197, 206–207, 232, 237–238; III: 144–145, 197–206; VI: 124–128 170–178, 218, 219–224, 363–364, 378– Air Force personnel involved in herbicide 379, 386–387; IV: 134–140, 182–197 spraying, II: 31–32; III: 28–29; IV: childhood cancer, I: 628–630; II: 7, 232–235 299–300; VI: 383–389 altered sperm parameters, I: 632; III: chloracne, I: 674–678; II: 5, 6, 318–320; 445–449, 450 III: 6, 7, 479–480; VI: 7, 437–438; VII: amyloidosis, IV: 512; V: 507; VII: 473–474 600–601 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, VII: 581–585 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, VII: autoimmunity, I: 697–698; II: 7; III: 486–490 488–491 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 310–311 317–322, 323; V: 296, 297–298, 299; circulatory disorders, I: 700–707; II: 7, VI: 261–265; VII: 370 335–337; III: 8, 514–518; IV: 510; V: birth defects, I: 607–618; II: 7, 140, 505; VI: 467–471; VII: 645–669 286–296; III: 436, 437–438, 443; IV: cleft lip/palate, I: 373–374, 375 400–405; V: 404; VI: 355–365; VII: cofounders, possible, V: 527 536–543 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders, II: 7, 307–308; III: 468–469; V: 449–451; VI: 406–410; VII: 569 Read the entire page →
From page 809... ... INDEX 809 cohort studies, I: 229–232; II: 105–109, 290, 291, 297–298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 135–138, 141–147, 154–160, 178, 179, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 180, 182–183, 186, 187, 190, 192–193, 345, 349, 350–351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 204, 218, 222, 240; III: 170–185, 196, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388–389, 197–200, 206–208, 217; IV: 140–143, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 182–206, 222–230, 232–247; V: 25–26; 520; IV: 147–149, 224–231, 255, 269, VI: 124–127 274–275, 278, 282–283, 289, 293, 294, colon cancer, I: 12, 328–329, 576–577; II: 302–303, 315–316, 321–322, 329, 336, 7; III: 8, 276–278 341, 347, 351–352, 357, 366, 372–373, colorectal cancer, VII: 299–309 379; V: 2–3; VII: 232–237 congressionally mandated, I: 50; II: 5 herbicide exposure assessment for, I: controlled observational, I: 228 251–259; II: 99–109; III: 142–146; VI: cost of, I: 727 165–169 cross-sectional studies, IV: 187, 188, 196, herbicide exposure indices development, II: 197, 199, 204, 226, 228, 229, 238, 242 107–109 cytogenetic studies, III: 365–366 herbicide exposure levels, II: 175 developmental studies, IV: 196, 227, 229, herbicide exposure reconstruction model 231, 242; VI: 6, 354–403; VII: 8 and, I: 725, 726–728 diabetes mellitus, I: 684–685; II: 7, 330– herbicide occupational exposure studies, 331; III: 494–502; IV: 482, 488–492; V: II: 107–108, 112, 113–140, 188–189, 492; VI: 448–456; VII: 623–630 190, 191–199, 206–207, 214–216, 218, Doubs, France, VI: 179–180 219–220, 222, 232–234, 235–236, ecological design studies, IV: 231 237–243, 286–287, 297, 306, 312; endocrine cancers, VII: 438–442 III: 170–196, 218, 219–232, 274–280, endometriosis, VI: 473–478; VII: 676–678 282–283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293–294, environmental exposure, VI: 129–134, 296–297, 300–301, 303, 305, 308–309, 540–550; VII: 232–237 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324–326, 328, esophageal cancer, VII: 232–237 332–333, 335–336, 337, 338, 341, 344, evaluation of, I: 300–301, 591–592, 737–738; 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 360, 363–365, II: 5, 93–94; III: 129–130; VI: 2 367–369, 372–373, 374–375, 378–380, evidentiary role of, I: 224–225, 228–237, 381–382, 386–388, 391–392, 437, 450, 300, 305; II: 175, 176; III: 265, 266; IV: 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 483–485, 489, 104–105 491, 496, 510–512, 515–516, 520; IV: female reproductive system/breast cancers, 134–143, 182–223, 251–254, 268–269, I: 508–511; II: 6, 211–213; III: 7, 10, 274, 277–278, 282, 288–289, 292–293, 330–334; V: 311–316; VI: 265–275 302, 321, 327–329, 336, 340–341, gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 446–447; II: 346, 351, 356, 365–366, 372, 379; VII: 7, 177–181; III: 8, 12, 268–281; V: 246; 221–232 VI: 203–221 herbicide/pesticide applicators, I: 323–326; gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691; II: 334; III: II: 31–32, 120–122, 137–138, 198–200; 510–513; IV: 505; V: 502 III: 182–185, 226–228; IV: 202–206 hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 686–688 Hodgkin's disease, I: 9, 329, 331, 335–336, hepatobiliary cancers, I: 453–455; II: 6, 341, 384, 391, 393, 549–556, 574; II: 5, 176, 181–187; III: 7, 10, 282–288; V: 6, 138, 235–236; III: 6, 7, 372–376; V: 261–263; VI: 221–226 357–360; VI: 313–319; VII: 458–465 herbicide environmental exposures, I: immune modulation, I: 693–696 365–384; II: 140–149, 189, 190, 193, immune system disorders, II: 7, 327–329; 200–201, 207–208, 218, 221, 222, 234, III: 488–491; IV: 480–481; V: 484–485; 236, 241, 243, 287–288, 297, 306, VI: 443–448; VII: 619 312–313; III: 197–205, 218, 232–236, infant death, III: 456; VII: 530 275, 277, 279–281, 283, 285, 287–288, Read the entire page →
From page 810... ... 810 INDEX infertility, I: 632–633; II: 7, 280–282; neurological disorders, I: 365–366, III: 445–449, 450; VI: 365–372; VII: 642–648; II: 141; VI: 6, 404–435; VII: 522–523 8–9 kidney cancer, I: 515; II: 7, 139–140, neuropsychiatric disorders, I: 649–657; II: 224–225; III: 352–355; VI: 292–296; 7, 148; III: 468–469; VII: 569 VII: 415–420 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 328, 329, laryngeal cancer, II: 202–203; III: 293–295; 330, 331, 333–334, 335–338, 383, 384, V: 270–271; VI: 230–234; VII: 326–329 391–393, 401, 528–548, 573–574; II: latency (cancer) issues, II: 260–276; III: 5, 6, 134–135, 136, 138, 139, 231–234; 407–431 III: 6, 7, 362–371, 428–430; IV: leukemia, I: 13, 332–333, 334–335, 564– 356–358; V: 345–355; VI: 303–312; 571, 577–578; II: 7, 136, 245–247; III: VII: 444–456 7, 10, 385–390, 391–392; IV: 379–380; NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 V: 369–372; VI: 325–337; VII: 476–485 occupational exposures, VI: 496–539 limitations, I: 4, 223; VI: 23 ovarian cancer, III: 333 lip cancer, VII: 277–278 pancreatic cancer, III: 280–281; VII: lipid abnormalities, I: 688–690; II: 7, 318–324 333–334; III: 504–506, 520–521; IV: paper/pulp workers, II: 126–127, 200, 243; 493, 495; VI: 457–463; VII: 637 III: 196, 232; IV: 134, 252; VI: 128–129 liver cancer, I: 13, 329, 391, 393 parkinsonism, VI: 410–420; VII: 572–580 liver toxicity, II: 332–333; III: 510–513; IV: perinatal death, I: 620–624; II: 7, 285–286; 499; VI: 463–466; VII: 642–643 III: 451–453, 454, 455, 456; V: low birthweight, I: 626–627; II: 7; III: 421–422; VI: 378–379 456–457, 459; V: 425; VI: 379–383; peripheral nervous system disorders, I: VII: 532–534 662–666; II: 6, 7, 310–311, 312–314; lung cancer, III: 296–298, 300–301; IV: III: 7, 8, 470–471, 473; VI: 423–429 282–283; V: 274–277; VI: 234–241; porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 680–682; II: 5, VII: 331–340 6, 129, 321–323; III: 7, 8, 481–482; V: melanoma, III: 313–317; V: 288–294; VI: 480; VI: 439–440; VII: 603 251–261 proportionate mortality studies, I: 232–233 meta-analysis, I: 225, 237–238, 242–243, prostate cancer, I: 11, 518–519, 575–576; 244 II: 6, 176, 219–223; III: 7, 8, 9, metabolic and digestive disorders, II: 7, 335–342, 426–428; IV: 327–329; V: 330–337; VI: 463–466; VII: 642–643 319–323; VI: 275–283; VII: 398–401 molecular and cellular end points, V: 26 Quail Run, Missouri, VI: 132 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 658–661; Ranch Hand cohort, II: 31, 32, 109, 150– II: 7, 309–310; III: 469–470; VI: 152, 154–156, 201, 209, 280, 283–284, 410–422 286, 293–295, 321–322, 330, 332, 336; multiple myeloma, I: 11–12, 331, 334, 335, III: 28–29, 218, 206–207, 237–240, 336, 341, 557–563, 576; II: 6, 138–139, 309–310, 313–314, 318, 321, 322, 339, 176, 237–244; III: 7, 8, 9, 377–383; V: 340, 385, 436, 438, 439, 446–447, 449, 363–366; VI: 319–325; VII: 466–472 452–453, 457–458, 481, 486, 495, 498, nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 459; II: 6, 502; IV: 13, 232–235; VI: 5–6 176, 187–189; III: 7, 10, 290–291; V: rare diseases in, I: 231, 499 267; VI: 226–230 recommendations, I: 15–20, 721–725, 731; neonatal death, III: 455; VII: 530 II: 24–25; III: 23; V: 523–527; VI: 10 neural tube defects numbers, II: 297 rectal cancer, III: 278–279 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 305–308, renal cancer, VI: 292–296 309–311, 312–314; III: 457; VI: reproductive outcomes, I: 41–42, 311–312, 406–410; VII: 569 321, 364–365, 368, 370, 371–375, 387–388, 389–390, 591–592; II: 280– Read the entire page →
From page 811... ... INDEX 811 282, 283–284, 285, 286–296; III: 436, stomach cancer, III: 274–275; IV: 251–255; 437–438, 443, 445–449, 450, 451–453, VII: 291–298 454, 455, 456–457, 459; IV: 401–402, strength of evidence in assessment of, I: 406–407, 410–411; VI: 354–403; VII: 8 238–241 resolution in, I: 242–243; IV: 513 tables of, VI: 495–568 resolving power of, V: 23 TCDD biomarkers, I: 259–262; II: 101–105, respiratory cancers, I: 10–11, 364, 461–472, 318 575; II: 6, 176, 189–203; III: 7, 8, 9, testicular cancer, I: 405, 519; II: 7, 153, 418, 420–426; IV: 273, 278, 282, 284 227–228; III: 7, 10, 343–346; IV: 336; respiratory disease, I: 709–713; II: 7, V: 325–327; VI: 283–286; VII: 405–406 324–326; III: 483–486; IV: 475; VI: thyroid homeostasis, VI: 478–481 440–443; VII: 605–615 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 368–370; II: Seveso, Italy, population studies, I: 44–45, 144; III: 200–201, 218, 234, 283; IV: 365–368, 444, 454–455, 469, 491–492, 115–116, 133, 148; VI: 132, 179 503, 511, 517, 523, 540, 568–570, 571, uroporphyrins, VI: 7 598–599; II: 141–143, 148, 200–201, tongue cancer, VII: 279–281 206, 207–208, 209, 210, 211–212, 213, tonsil cancer, VII: 282 216, 221, 225, 226–227, 228, 230, 234, usefulness of, IV: 103–108 236, 243, 245, 246, 287, 299–300, 312– uterine cancer, III: 333; IV: 321–324 313; III: 197–200, 218, 232–233, 283, Vietnam environmental herbicide exposure, 285, 290, 296, 297–298, 299, 303, 307, II: 144–145; III: 201–202, 218, 234, 309, 314, 318, 324–326, 327, 330, 331, 283; VI: 132–133, 181–182 332, 336, 338, 344, 348, 349, 352, 353, Vietnam veterans in, I: 50, 57–59, 62–63, 356, 358, 363, 365, 372, 373, 380, 385, 384–418; II: 149–161, 189, 190, 201– 386, 388–389, 390, 408, 414, 420, 422, 202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 212, 213, 216, 427, 436, 449, 495, 505; IV: 114–115, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 464, 468, 472–475, 484, 487, 491, 501, 229, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236, 244, 245, 507, 509; VI: 129–132, 177–179 246, 278, 283, 285, 286, 288–296, 299, skin cancer, I: 502–503; II: 7, 209–211; 300–301, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, III: 8, 10, 312–313; IV: 302–303; VI: 313, 314, 317, 318, 321–322, 323, 330, 251–265; VII: 356–363 332, 333, 336; III: 206–217, 236–245, soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 8, 311, 326–328, 275, 277–278, 279, 281, 283, 285–286, 329–330, 335–336, 337, 339–340, 384, 288, 290, 291, 294–295, 298, 301, 303, 391, 393, 395–396, 401, 403, 476, 305, 309–310, 312, 316, 317, 323, 326, 477–500, 572–573, 574; II: 5, 6, 132, 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 134–135, 205–208; III: 6, 7, 306–311; 343–344, 345–346, 349, 351, 353, 355, IV: 116, 292–296; V: 284–287; VI: 358–359, 361, 363, 365, 370–371, 372, 245–251; VII: 347–353 373, 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, sperm abnormal parameters, II: 7; III: 435, 436, 437–438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 445–449, 450 456, 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 473, spina biﬁda, II: 6; III: 7, 8, 9–10, 437–438; 475, 479, 480, 481, 482, 485–486, 489, IV: 404–405 491, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505–506, spontaneous abortion, I: 42, 336–337, 372– 512–513, 516–518, 523; IV: 150–160, 373, 405–406, 596–605; II: 7, 283–284; 232–247, 255, 269, 275, 278, 282–283, IV: 410–411; V: 420; VI: 372–378; VII: 289, 294–295, 303–304, 309–310, 316, 526–529 322–323, 329, 336–337, 342, 347, state-sponsored, I: 399–405, 495–496, 546; 352, 357–358, 366–367, 373, 380; VI: II: 153, 158–159, 161, 202, 292; III: 551–568 213–215, 243–244 Vietnamese in, I: 370–372, 599–601; II: stillbirth, III: 454; VII: 530 108–109, 144–145, 148, 287–288; III: 217, 245, 283; IV: 116–117, 227–228 Read the entire page →
From page 812... ... See Ethoxyresoruﬁn O-deethylase hepatobiliary cancers, I: 452–455; II: Error in design, conduct, or analysis of an 181–182; III: 282 investigation, V: 22 Hodgkin's disease, I: 526, 527–528; II: 231; Erythrocyte sedimentation, I: 696 III: 371–372 Escherichia coli, VI: 30 immune system disorders, II: 326–327; III: Esophageal cancer, VI: 209; VII: 283, 286–291 487–488 Estrogen infertility, II: 279; III: 444–445 hepatic binding, I: 154 kidney cancer, I: 513, 514; II: 223; III: receptor mediated responses, I: 145 351–352; V: 335–338 receptor signaling, III: 65–67 laryngeal cancer, III: 292 transduction pathway, TCDD interaction, II: leukemia, I: 564; II: 245; III: 383–385 4; VI: 58 lipid abnormalities, II: 333; III: 503–504 Ethoxyresoruﬁn O-deethylase (EROD) , I: 153, liver disorders, II: 331–332; III: 509–510 155; II: 52, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, low birthweight, I: 625–626; III: 454, 455, 69, 74; III: 40, 42, 51, 52, 53, 68, 69, 456 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 91, 96; IV: 386 lung cancer, III: 295–296 Europe, III: 108, 308, 471 malignant lymphomas, II: 231; IV: 137 European registry, II: 197 multiple myeloma, I: 526, 528; II: 236–237; Evidence of herbicide association. Read the entire page →
From page 813... ... disorders, III: 508–514; Malformations, II: 140 IV: 498–505; V: 498–502; VI: 463–466; Social Insurance Institution, II: 137 VII: 639–641 Florida, I: 324, 467; II: 199; III: 226; IV: 142, biologic plausibility, VI: 221; VII: 643 258, 260, 263, 266, 286, 297, 327–328, cacodylic acid in, I: 188 330, 333–334, 336, 338, 344, 349, 354 science literature update, VI: 465 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) , II: 279, TCDD in, I: 169–170; IV: 19, 135, 156; V: 280, 282; III: 41, 68, 72–73, 444, 445; 60; VII: 95–96 IV: 399–400, 405, 408; V: 405 Vietnam veterans' risk, VI: 466; VII: 643 Food crops, I: 89 See also Ulcers, gastrointestinal Agent Orange in destruction of, I: 62, 90 Gastrointestinal (GI) Read the entire page →
From page 814... ... , I: 610, cancer studies and, II: 180, 181, 183, 190, 626; II: 289, 290; III: 438, 439 191, 204–205, 234, 242, 243, 246; IV: See also Centers for Disease Control and 199, 249 Prevention (CDC) General Services Administration, I: 77 Read the entire page →
From page 815... ... See Atlanta, Georgia Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, I: 125, German Democratic Republic, III: 226; VI: 126 126, 151; IV: 41, 58, 68, 77 Germany, I: 312–313, 326, 443, 477, 508–509, hepatic enzyme induction and, I: 155 530, 565, 675–676; II: 105, 108, Halsted Reitan (HR) neuropsychologic test 130–131, 149, 308, 319–320, 322, 323, battery, V: 450 328, 331, 333; III: 221, 222, 223, 224, Hamburg, Germany, II: 195, 214–215, 329; III: 232, 234, 235, 240, 269, 284, 308, 326, 153, 223, 324–325, 515; IV: 191; VII: 332, 337, 357, 364, 365, 379, 386, 422, 657–659 423, 429, 470, 481, 483, 490, 506, Hamburg Boehringer Company, IV: 138 510–511, 515; IV: 137, 149, 156, 191, Hancock County, Ohio, III: 229; IV: 213 195, 208, 420; V: 117; VI: 47, 50, 124, Hanoi, Vietnam, II: 148 126, 133; VII: 163 Hawaii, I: 60, 400, 603; II: 292; III: 243; V: 6; German Cancer Research Center, III: 495, VII: 184 506 Hazardous materials disposal and cleanup herbicide exposure assessment, III: Agent Orange surplus disposal, I: 93–94 153–154, 158, 159–160; IV: 124, 257, Nitro, West Virginia, accident efforts, I: 38; 260, 263, 265, 271, 280, 285, 297, 301, IV: 136 319, 333, 349, 353, 359, 368, 374, 381 Seveso, Italy, I: 43–44, 367–368 See also Aktiengesellschaft, Germany; See also Incineration, of Agent Orange Dormagen, Germany; Hamburg, HBV. Read the entire page →
From page 816... ... 816 INDEX Health and Human Services, US, Department 177–181, 250–251; III: 8, 12, 21–22, of, I: 57–59 133, 359, 393–394, 522; IV: 7, 11, Health care. See Military health care 384–385; V: 9, 15, 17, 378, 516; VI: 9, Health outcomes of herbicide exposure 16–17, 338–339, 483; VII: 12–13, 22, 2,4-D outcomes, II: 48–49; III: 34, 38–39, 24–25, 498, 687–688 44–47 evidence sufﬁcient for herbicide association 2,4,5-T outcomes, II: 49; III: 48; IV: 185 in, I: 8–10, 246–247, 500, 548, cacodylic acid outcomes, II: 50–51; III: 34, 556–557, 572–574, 678, 682; II: 5, 6, 8, 50 19, 20, 21, 97, 247, 320; III: 6, 7, 8, 20, categories of evidence for assessing, I: 132–133, 311, 366, 373, 374, 390, 392, 227–237 480, 519; IV: 8, 384; V: 8, 14, 15, 377, categories of herbicide association in, I: 514–515; VI: 8, 13–15, 337–338, 482; 5–8, 221, 223–225, 246–247; II: 4–14, VII: 11, 20–22, 496–497, 686 19–22, 97; III: 6–15, 19–22, 132, 390, research priorities, I: 19, 726–727 392–394; IV: 6–12; V: 7 research update, II: 37 choice of, VI: 20 statistical association of herbicide exposure, disease outcomes of, II: 37; III: 33–35, II: 88, 90–91; III: 1–2, 6, 124, 126–127; 38–43, 44–47, 48, 50, 71–105; IV: 22, IV: 6–12; V: 22–23 27, 110 TCDD outcomes, III: 34–35, 71–105; IV: early herbicide research, I: 29–32, 35–36; 20 II: 19–23; III: 19–23 toxicity potential health risks, estimation of, early TCDD research, I: 28–29 III: 105–108; IV: 20 evaluating exposure reconstruction model Vietnam veterans' increased risk of disease, and, I: 289–290; IV: 85 II: 14, 22–23, 88, 91, 218, 223, 251, evidence inadequate/insufﬁcient for 276, 283, 298, 300–301, 321, 323; III: determining herbicide association in, 12–13, 14–15, 22–23, 124, 127–128, I: 13–14, 19, 247, 457, 460, 473–474, 329, 334, 343, 397, 430–431, 444, 462, 512, 521, 571, 577–578, 605, 618, 624, 475–476, 491, 503, 507–508, 525; 627, 630, 634, 657, 666, 691, 699, IV: 12, 403, 407, 411, 413, 417–418, 708, 713, 727; II: 6–7, 11–12, 20–21, 421–422, 424, 426, 431, 435, 459, 468, 22, 97, 181–187, 249–250, 282, 284, 475; VI: 17–18; VII: 13–14, 25–26 285–286, 298, 300, 325, 329, 334–335, See also Epidemiologic studies; speciﬁc 337; III: 7–8, 10–12, 21, 132, 133, 292, cancer sites; speciﬁc cancers; speciﬁc 304, 316, 322, 327, 332, 334, 346, 349, diseases and disorders 351, 355, 390, 393, 444, 449, 453, 458, Healthy worker effect, I: 230 459, 473–474, 486, 491, 503, 507, 513, Hearing loss, I: 659–660 518, 522; IV: 11; V: 8–9, 15, 16–17, Heart disease, VI: 7; VII: 673–674 377–378, 515–516; VI: 8–9, 16, 338, Heart neoplasms. Read the entire page →
From page 817... ... INDEX 817 Hepatitis C infection, I: 453 basis for ﬁnding of, I: 13, 247, 577; II: 6–7, Hepatitis C virus, II: 182 11–12, 20–21, 22, 97, 249–250; III: Hepatobiliary cancers, VII: 710 7–8, 10–12, 21, 133, 393 biologic plausibility, III: 286, 288; V: birth defects and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, 20, 298, 263–264; VI: 225–226; VII: 317–318 300; III: 444, 458; IV: 7; V: 404; VI: 9, epidemiologic studies, III: 282–288; IV: 14 268–269; V: 259–264; VI: 221–226; bladder cancer and, III: 7, 10, 132, 349, VII: 283, 310–318 351, 393; IV: 7, 19; V: 333; VI: 8, 14 epidemiology, I: 452–455; II: 181–182; III: bone/joint cancer and, I: 13, 473–474, 577; 282 II: 6, 20, 205; III: 7, 10, 304, 393; IV: 7; herbicide association and, I: 13, 577; II: 2, V: 281–282; VI: 8, 14 6, 11, 12, 20, 89, 182–187, 249–250; breast cancer and, II: 217; III: 7, 10, 327, III: 7, 10, 282–288; V: 259–264 393; IV: 7; V: 308; VI: 8, 14 herbicide environmental exposure and, II: chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: 184; III: 283, 285, 287–288; IV: 269; V: 311, 314; IV: 7; VI: 9, 14 262–263; VII: 314–315, 317 circulatory disorders and, I: 14, 708; II: 7, herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 21, 337; III: 518, 522; IV: 7; V: 505; VI: 182–184; III: 282–283, 284, 287; IV: 9, 14 268–269; V: 261; VII: 311–317 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, I: incidence, data by gender/race, for selected 14, 657–658; II: 7, 20, 308–309, 314; age groups, III: 282; IV: 267; VI: 222 III: 473–474; IV: 441; VI: 9, 14 risk estimates, II: 186–187; V: 164; VI: 226 diabetes mellitus and, I: 14, 691; II: 7, 21, scientiﬁc literature update, III: 284–286; IV: 335; III: 503, 522; V: 492; VI: 8, 14 268; V: 260–263; VI: 222 female reproductive system/breast cancers TCDD and, IV: 77; V: 264 and, I: 13, 14, 512, 577; II: 6, 20, 213; Vietnam veterans and, II: 181, 185, 187; III: III: 7, 10, 332, 334, 393; IV: 7; V: 316; 283, 285–286, 288; IV: 269; V: 264 VI: 8, 14 See also Liver cancer gastrointestinal tract ulcers and, I: 14, 691; Hepatocellular carcinoma, II: 148; IV: 149 II: 335; III: 513, 522; V: 502; VI: 9, 14 Hepatomegaly, V: 6, 517 genitourinary tract cancers and, I: 13, 521, Hepatotoxicity 577 TCDD and, II: 3, 73–75; III: 76–79; IV: 23, hepatic enzyme abnormalities and, I: 14, 71, 77; V: 58–60, 71; VI: 70–72; VII: 691 93–95 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 13, 577; II: 6, Herbicide application methods 20, 187; III: 7, 10, 286, 393; IV: 7; V: military early research, I: 25–26 263; VI: 8, 14 Operation Ranch Hand use, I: 85–87; III: immune system disorders and, I: 14, 699; 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 II: 7, 21, 329; III: 491, 522; IV: 7; V: Vietnam use, I: 1, 3, 24, 27, 74, 85–87, 484–485; VI: 9, 14 94–96; III: 135–142; V: 229–232 infertility and, I: 14, 634; II: 7, 282, 300; See also Aerial spraying; Ground/perimeter III: 449, 458; IV: 7 spraying; Herbicides; Professional leukemia and, I: 13, 571, 577–578; II: 7, 20, herbicide/pesticide applicators 247; III: 7, 10, 390, 393; IV: 7, 198; V: Herbicide association, insufﬁcient evidence for 372; VI: 8, 14 determining lipid abnormalities and, I: 14, 691; II: 7, 21, altered sperm parameters and, I: 14, 634; II: 335; III: 507, 522 7, 20; III: 449, 458; IV: 7; VI: 8, 14 liver cancer and, I: 13, 457, 577 amyloidosis, IV: 7; V: 507; VI: 9, 14 liver toxicity and, II: 335; III: 513, 522 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: low birthweight and, I: 14, 627; II: 7, 20; 322, 393; IV: 311; V: 299–300 III: 458; IV: 7; VI: 9, 14 melanoma and, III: 316; V: 294 Read the entire page →
From page 818... ... 818 INDEX metabolic and digestive disorders and, II: multiple myeloma, I: 10, 11–12, 563, 574, 334–335; IV: 7; VI: 9, 14 576; II: 6, 20, 244; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 383, motor/coordination dysfunction and, I: 14, 393; IV: 6, 18–19; V: 365; VI: 15 661; II: 7, 21, 310, 314; III: 474; IV: 7; neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314 VI: 9, 14 peripheral neuropathy, II: 6; VI: 15 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 13, 460, porphyria cutanea tarda, II: 6, 323; III: 7, 8, 577; II: 6, 20, 189; III: 7, 10, 292, 393; 20, 482, 519; IV: 6, 18–19; V: 480; VI: IV: 7; V: 267; VI: 8, 14 15 neonatal/infant deaths and stillbirths, IV: 7 prostate cancer, I: 11, 519–521, 575–576; neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314; III: II: 6, 20, 223; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 340, 342, 473–474; VI: 9, 14 393; IV: 6, 10, 18–19; V: 316; VI: 15 neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 14, research recommendations, I: 19, 727 657, 666; II: 7, 20, 308–309, 314; III: respiratory cancers, I: 10–11, 472, 574, 473–474; IV: 7; VI: 8, 14 575; II: 6, 20, 203; III: 7, 8, 9, 20; IV: 6, perinatal death and, I: 14, 624; II: 7, 18–19; VI: 15 20, 285–286, 300; III: 453, 458; V: spina biﬁda, II: 6, 298, 300; III: 7, 8, 9–10, 421–422; VI: 9, 14 21, 444, 458; IV: 7, 18–19; VI: 8, 14 peripheral nervous system disorders and, I: Herbicide association, limited/suggestive 14, 666; II: 21; III: 474; VI: 8, 14 negative evidence renal cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 20, basis for ﬁnding of, I: 12–13, 224, 247, 225; III: 7, 10, 355, 393; IV: 7; VI: 9, 14 576–577; II: 7, 12–13, 21, 97, 250; III: research recommendations, I: 19, 727 8, 12, 21–22, 133, 393–394, 522; IV: 7, respiratory disorders and, I: 14, 713; II: 7, 19–20 21, 325; III: 486, 522; IV: 7; V: 482; VI: brain tumors, I: 12, 525, 576; II: 7, 21, 230; 8, 14 III: 8, 12, 21, 359, 394; IV: 7; V: 343 skin cancers, II: 210–211; III: 8, 10, 21, gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 12–13, 393; IV: 7, 19; VI: 8, 14 447–451, 576–577; II: 7, 21, 177–181; spontaneous abortions and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, III: 8, 12, 21, 268, 273, 282, 394; IV: 7, 20, 284, 300; IV: 7; VI: 8, 14 19 testicular cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, skin cancer, I: 12, 503, 576; III: 21 20, 228; III: 7, 10, 346, 393; IV: 7; V: urinary bladder cancer, I: 12, 521, 576; II: 325, 327; VI: 8, 14 7, 21, 227; III: 21; V: 333 Vietnam veterans' children, cancer in, I: 14, Herbicide association, sufﬁcient evidence 630; II: 7, 20, 300; IV: 7; V: 430–431 basis for ﬁnding of, I: 8–10, 246–247, 572; Herbicide association, limited/suggestive II: 5, 6, 8, 19, 20, 21, 97, 247; III: 6, 7, evidence 8, 20, 132–133, 390, 392; IV: 6, 17–18 acute and subacute transient peripheral cancer and, I: 8–10, 572–574; II: 247; III: neuropathy, II: 314; III: 7, 8, 21, 474; 390, 392; IV: 6, 17–18 IV: 6, 18–19; VI: 15 chloracne and, I: 10, 678; II: 5, 6, 20, 320; acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) , IV: 7; III: 6, 7, 20, 480, 519; IV: 6, 17–18; V: V: 372 479; VI: 13 basis for ﬁnding of, I: 10–12, 247, 574–575; Hodgkin's disease and, I: 8, 9–10, 556–557, II: 6, 8–10, 20, 22, 97, 247–249; III: 7, 573–574; II: 5, 6, 20, 236; III: 6, 7, 20, 8–10, 20–21, 133, 393 373, 374, 390; IV: 6, 17–18; V: 360; VI: birth defects, IV: 6, 18–19; V: 405 13 cancer, I: 10–12, 519–521, 574–576; II: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 8–9, 10, 247–249; III: 393 548, 573–574; II: 5, 6, 20, 234; III: 6, 7, diabetes, type 2, IV: 6; VI: 8, 14 20, 366, 390; IV: 6, 17–18; V: 354–355; laryngeal cancer, III: 295, 393; V: 268–272 VI: 13 lung cancer, III: 299, 393; V: 278 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 10, 682; II: 5, 6, 20; III: 20; IV: 6, 17–18; V: 479; VI: 13 Read the entire page →
From page 819... ... INDEX 819 soft-tissue sarcoma and, I: 8, 9–10, 500; II: indices development, II: 107–109; III: 5, 6, 20, 208; III: 6, 7, 20, 311, 390; IV: 161–162 6, 17–18; V: 287; VI: 13 individual differences, I: 261, 286 Herbicide exposure assessment, VI: 4–5, industrial exposure, VI: 177–181 165–200; VII: 41–43, 214–260 job exposure matrix, I: 259–262 agricultural/forestry workers studies, III: literature update, II: 104–109; III: 157–162 154–155; IV: 111–113 methodological issues, II: 4–5; III: 5–6 biomarkers for, I: 17, 259–262, 280–284; II: misclassiﬁcation bias in, I: 17, 257–259, 101–104; IV: 111 724 cancer studies use, I: 436–439 non-military settings and, I: 4–5, 15, case-control studies use, I: 256–257; IV: 222–223, 241–242 124 occupational studies use, I: 262–267, Centers for Disease Control Agent Orange 269–270; II: 107–108; III: 150–156; V: Study, I: 58; II: 102; IV: 124–125 217–225; VI: 169–177 Centers for Disease Control exposure paper/pulp mill workers, I: 266–267; III: opportunity index, I: 274–276, 611–612; 155–156; IV: 114, 134 III: 147–148; IV: 124–125 process perspective, I: 252–253 Centers for Disease Control validation Ranch Hand study use, I: 386; II: 109; III: study, I: 59, 260–261, 281–284, 387; II: 145–147 103, 104; IV: 125–126 research recommendations, I: 16–18, Centers for Disease Control Vietnam 287–290, 291, 721–722, 724–725 Experience Study, II: 101; III: 240; IV: risk assessment use, I: 14–15, 247–248, 123 250, 578; III: 14–15 cohort studies use, I: 254–256; II: 107–109 sawmill workers, IV: 10, 114, 156, cumulative exposure, III: 144 227–228, 338, 439–440, 447–448, 449, current estimates, I: 284–287 452, 453, 457 data sources (existing) limitations, I: 14–15, self-reports, I: 270–271; IV: 113 290–291 serum TCDD in, I: 19, 20–21, 261, deﬁnition of, methodological issues, II: 4–5; 282–285, 289, 290, 725, 742–743; III: III: 5–6; IV: 16, 20; V: 4, 215–216 159–161; IV: 135, 400 Department of Veterans Affairs mortality Seveso, Italy, accident, I: 267–268, 285, studies, II: 101; IV: 123; IV: 151, 598–599; III: 156; IV: 400 157–158 state-sponsored studies, I: 400, 401–402, difﬁculties in, I: 14–15, 222, 247–248, 284, 403–404 286–287; VI: 28–29 Stellmans' study, I: 278–279, 284 dioxin congeners, recent literature, II: strategies for, I: 253–254; III: 144–145 106–107; III: 158–159; VII: 218–219 TCDD exposure levels for epidemiological environmental studies use, I: 262–263, 267– studies, II: 105–106; III: 159–161; VII: 270; III: 156–157; IV: 111, 114–116 216 epidemiologic studies evaluation and, II: TCDD half-life investigation, II: 104–105; 99–101; III: 142–146; VI: 165–169; VII: III: 157–158; IV: 112, 115–116, 214–221 125–126 evidentiary role of, I: 4, 15, 250–253; VI: Times Beach, Missouri, case, I: 268, 4–5, 28–29, 368–369 exposure-dose relationship, I: 252–253 Vietnam military records in, I: 271–280; IV: exposure misclassiﬁcation, VII: 217–218 125; VII: 220–247 ground spraying, I: 288–289; III: 138–140 Vietnam service as element of, I: 271, historic exposure reconstruction, I: 17–18, 284–287; II: 101–104; III: 146–150 19–20, 254, 255–256, 725–726, 728; Vietnam spray data, I: 273–279 III: 143 Vietnam troop movement data in, I: 95–96, 273–279, 287 Read the entire page →
From page 820... ... See chloracne association, II: 318–320; III: 6, 7, Professional herbicide/pesticide 479–480; IV: 466 applicators chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy Herbicides and, II: 310–311 action of, I: 88 circulatory disorders association, II: acute and subacute transient peripheral 335–337; III: 3, 514–518; IV: 510 neuropathy and, II: 2, 312–313; III: 7, 8, cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, 473; IV: 441, 457 II: 307–309; III: 468–469; IV: 443; V: agricultural role of, I: 24, 35, 39, 174–175, 449–451 181 congressional hearings, II: 27–28; III: 25 Air Force research activities, II: 31–32; III: congressional legislation on, II: 28–29; III: 28–29 26–27 basal/squamous cell skin cancer association, Department of Veterans Affairs activities, II: III: 317–322, 323; IV: 311; V: 295–300 29–31; III: 27–28; IV: 151, 157–158 biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92, 176, 217, developmental toxicity, I: 124; IV: 403, 413, 282, 298, 300; III: 2, 23, 124, 128, 416, 431, 434 281–282, 286, 288, 292, 295, 302, 304, diabetes mellitus association, II: 330–331, 311, 317, 322, 327, 329, 334, 343, 347, 334–335; III: 2, 11–12, 125, 494–503 351, 356, 362, 366, 377, 383, 390, 444, disease outcomes of exposure, III: 6–15, 451, 453, 458, 460–462, 467, 480, 482, 33–35, 38–43, 44–47, 48, 50, 71–105 486, 491, 502–503, 507, 513–514, 518, early concerns about, I: 17–19, 29–32, 522–525; IV: 22, 26, 29, 48, 85, 86, 35–36; II: 26; III: 25 249, 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, environmental exposure studies, I: 140–149, 306, 311, 318, 322, 323, 331, 332, 337, 184, 186, 189, 190, 193, 200–201, 221, 342, 343, 348, 352, 358, 359, 367, 374, 222, 234, 236, 241, 243, 287–288, 306, 380–381, 385; V: 25 312–313; II: 271–272, 275, 277, 279– birth defects association, II: 286–298; III: 281; III: 197–205, 218, 232–236, 283, 436–444; IV: 403 285, 287–288, 290, 291, 297–298, 301, bladder cancer association, II: 225–227; 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, III: 7, 10, 132, 347–351; IV: 342; V: 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350–351, 353, 328–333 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, bone/joint cancer association, II: 204–205; 382, 388–389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, III: 7, 10, 303–305; IV: 289; V: 278–282 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: 249, 254–255, brain tumors association, II: 229–230; III: 258, 261, 263, 266, 269, 271, 274, 276, 8, 12, 356–362; IV: 352 278, 280, 282, 286, 289, 291, 293, 297, breast cancer association, II: 213–217; III: 302, 305–306, 309, 312, 314–316, 319, 7, 10, 324–329; IV: 318; V: 300–309 321, 323, 325–326, 328–329, 334, 336, Read the entire page →
From page 821... ... INDEX 821 338, 341, 344, 347, 349, 351, 354, female reproductive cancers association, II: 356–357, 361, 366, 369, 372, 375, 379, 211–213; III: 7, 10, 330–334 382–383 gastrointestinal tract cancers association, II: Environmental Protection Agency research 177–181; III: 8, 12, 268–282; IV: 256 activities, II: 32; III: 29–30 gastrointestinal ulcers association, II: evidence insufﬁcient for determining 334–335; III: 510–514 association in health outcomes, I: hepatobiliary cancer and, II: 2, 176, 13–14, 19, 247, 457, 460, 473–474, 181–187; III: 7, 10, 282–288; IV: 270; 512, 521, 571, 577–578, 605, 618, 624, V: 259–264 627, 630, 634, 657, 666, 691, 699, Hodgkin's disease association, II: 235–236; 708, 713, 727; II: 7, 11–12, 20–21, 22, III: 6, 7, 372–376; IV: 367; V: 355–361 97, 181–187, 189, 205, 210–211, 213, immune system disorders and, II: 327–329; 217, 225, 228, 247, 282, 284, 285–286, III: 3, 488–491; IV: 480 298, 300, 308–309, 310, 311, 314, 325, immunotoxicity, I: 122–123 329, 334–335, 337; III: 7–8, 10–12, 21, infertility association, II: 280–282; III: 132, 133, 286, 292, 304, 316, 322, 327, 445–451; IV: 407 332, 334, 346, 349, 351, 355, 390, 393, International Agency for Research on 444, 449, 453, 458, 473–474, 486, 491, Cancer research activities, III: 30; IV: 503, 507, 513, 518, 522; IV: 268, 270, 17, 133, 137–139, 252 274, 275, 279, 288, 289, 302, 305, 308, laryngeal cancer and, II: 202–203; III: 311, 314, 318, 321, 323, 329, 336, 337, 292–295; IV: 279 342, 348, 374, 380, 384, 400, 403, 406, latency and cancer risk, II: 13–14, 175, 407, 410–414, 416, 418, 424, 425, 426, 260–276; III: 3, 12–14, 265, 407–431 430–432, 441–443, 448, 454–457, 475, leukemia association, II: 245–246; III: 7, 480, 495, 500, 505, 506, 510, 512, 514 10, 385–390, 391–392; IV: 380; V: evidence limited/suggestive of association 366–372 in health outcomes, I: 10–12, 19, 247, lipid abnormalities association, II: 333–335; 472, 519–521, 563, 574–576, 727; II: III: 504–508, 520–521; IV: 495 6, 8–10, 20, 22, 97, 203, 223, 244, 298, liver toxicity association, II: 332–333, 300, 314, 323; III: 7, 8–10, 20–21, 133, 334–335; III: 510–514; IV: 505 295, 299, 340, 342, 383, 393, 444, 458, low birthweight and, III: 456–458, 459; IV: 474, 482, 519; IV: 7 416 evidence of no association in health lung cancer and, III: 296–302, 421, 422, outcomes, I: 12–13, 224, 247, 447–451, 423, 424; IV: 284; V: 272–278 503, 521, 525, 576–577; II: 7, 12–13, mechanism of action, II: 36; III: 33, 38, 44, 21, 22, 97, 181, 227, 230; III: 8, 12, 21– 47–48, 49–50, 53–71 22, 133, 268, 273, 282, 359, 393–394, mechanisms of toxicity, II: 37 522; IV: 251, 256, 340, 351, 352, 385, melanoma association, III: 313–317; IV: 514 306; V: 287–295 evidence sufﬁcient of association in health metabolic and digestive disorders outcomes, I: 8–10, 246–247, 500, 548, association, II: 330–335; III: 3 556–557, 572–574, 678, 682; II: 5, 6, military research and development, I: 25–26 8, 19, 20, 21, 97, 208, 234, 236, 320; military (US) use ban, I: 32, 45; VI: III: 6, 7, 8, 20, 132–133, 311, 366, 373, 182–186 374, 390, 392, 480, 519; IV: 6 motor/coordination dysfunction and, II: exposure assessment issues, II: 4–5, 309–310; III: 469–470 99–109; III: 5–6, 135–162 multiple myeloma assocation, II: 237–244; federal government response to concerns III: 7, 8, 9, 377–383; IV: 512; V: over military use of in Vietnam, II: 361–366 27–32; III: 25–30 Read the entire page →
From page 822... ... 822 INDEX nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, II: 2, 176, research recommendations, II: 23–24; III: 187–189; III: 7, 10, 290–292; IV: 275; 23; IV: 13 V: 264–268 respiratory cancers and, II: 189–203, neural tube defects associated with 268–273; III: 7, 8, 9, 418, 420–426 herbicides, numbers, II: 297 respiratory disorders association, II: neurobehavioral disorders and, II: 305, 306, 335–337; III: 3, 483–486 314; III: 3, 467, 468, 473–476; IV: 457 skin cancers association, II: 209–211; III: 8, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma association, II: 10, 312; IV: 305 231–234; III: 6, 7, 362–371, 428–430; soft-tissue sarcomas association, II: IV: 358; V: 343–355 205–208; III: 6, 7, 306–311; IV: 384; V: occupational exposure settings, I: 36–38; 282–287 III: 150–156 spontaneous abortions association, II: occupational exposure studies, II: 113–140, 283–284; IV: 411; V: 409–421 182–184, 186, 188–189, 190, 191–200, statistical association with diseases, II: 88, 214–216, 219–220, 222, 232–234, 90–91; III: 1–2, 6, 124, 126–127; V: 235–236, 237–243, 286–287, 306, 312; 22–23 III: 170–196, 218, 219–232, 268–271, TCDD contamination of, I: 2, 3, 27, 91–92, 274–281, 282–283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 114, 126–127; II: 2, 3, 26; III: 3, 4, 5, 293–294, 296–297, 300–301, 303, 305, 140–142 308–309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, testicular cancer association, II: 227–228; 324–326, 328, 332–333, 335–336, 337, III: 7, 10, 343–347; IV: 337; V: 324–328 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, time-related factors and cancer risk, II: 354, 357–358, 360, 363–365, 367–369, 263–264, 270, 271, 273, 274; III: 372–373, 374–375, 378–380, 381–382, 411–412, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 386–388, 391–392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 429 456, 459, 467, 483–485, 489, 491, 496, toxicity proﬁles update, II: 45–77; III: 510–512, 515–516, 520; IV: 114, 249, 43–108 251, 253, 255–257, 259, 262, 265, toxicokinetics, II: 35, 36, 38–39; III: 32–33, 268, 270–271, 273–274, 276–282, 285, 36–37, 43–44, 47, 48, 50–53 288–290, 292, 296, 300–303, 305–307, toxicology, III: 3–5, 32–110 309, 312, 315, 317–318, 321, 324–325, types of, I: 88 327–329, 331–333, 336, 338, 340–342, uterine cancer association, III: 333 346–348, 351, 353, 356, 358–361, Vietnam use by US military, I: 1, 3, 24, 27, 364–365, 368–369, 371–374, 377, 379, 74, 84–96, 98–107, 286; II: 1, 2, 26–27; 381, 383 III: 135–142; VII: 1, 220–221 Operation Ranch Hand volume use, data by Vietnam veterans' cancer risk and latency, herbicide type, III: 136 II: 276; III: 12–13, 430–431 ovarian cancer association, III: 333 Vietnam veterans' disease increased risk, II: perinatal death association, II: 285–286; III: 14, 22–23, 88, 91, 298, 300–301, 321, 451–454, 455, 456; IV: 413; V: 421–422 323; III: 12–13, 14–15, 22–23, 124, porphyria cutanea tarda association, II: 127–128, 329, 334, 343, 430–431, 444, 321–323; III: 7, 8, 481–482; IV: 468 462, 475–476, 491, 503, 507–508, 525; preterm birth and, III: 456–458, 459 IV: 2, 9, 12, 20, 103, 105–106, 124 prostate cancer association, II: 2, 176, 217– Vietnam veterans' exposure concerns, II: 223, 273–275; III: 7, 8, 9, 335–343, 26–32 426–428; IV, 10; V: 316–324 Vietnam veterans' exposure studies, II: 149– renal cancer association, II: 224–225; III: 7, 161, 185, 187, 189, 190, 201–202, 204, 10, 352–356; IV: 348 205, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216–217, reproductive toxicity, I: 124; II: 278–301; 218, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, III: 434–435 229, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236, 244, 245, 246, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286, 288–296, Read the entire page →
From page 823... ... , VII: 457–465 386, 389, 392, 435, 436, 437–438, 445, agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 328, 446, 450, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459, 467, 329, 331, 335–336, 341, 550–553; II: 468, 469, 470, 473, 475, 479, 480, 481, 138 482, 485–486, 489, 491, 495, 497, 498, biologic plausibility, I: 557; III: 377; IV: 500, 502, 505–506, 512–513, 516–518, 367; V: 361; VI: 319; VII: 465 521; IV: 249–250, 255–256, 259, 262, chemical industry workers and, I: 549–550 264, 266–267, 269–270, 272, 275–276, epidemiologic studies, II: 138, 235–236; 278–281, 283–284, 287, 289–292, 294, III: 372–376; IV: 199, 211, 212; V: 296, 298–299, 301, 303–311, 313–314, 357–360; VI: 313–319; VII: 458–465 316–320, 322–327, 329–332, 334–336, epidemiology, I: 526, 527–528; II: 231; III: 338–340, 342–343, 345, 347–348, 350, 371–372 352–353, 355–359, 362–364, 366–367, herbicide association in, I: 8, 9–10, 556– 370–371, 373–374, 376–378, 380–381, 557, 574; II: 5, 6, 20, 138, 235–236, 383, 387–388; VI: 182–191 247; III: 6, 7, 20, 24, 372–376; IV: 17; See also Aerial spraying; Agent Orange; V: 14, 355–361 Agricultural herbicides; Chemicals and herbicide environmental exposure studies, chemical industry; Defoliants; Desiccant I: 384; II: 236; III: 373, 375; IV: 366; herbicides; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic V: 358–359; VI: 13, 16, 318; VII: 148, acid (2,4-D) ; Domestic herbicide 461–462, 464 use; Environmental herbicide herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: exposure; Ground/perimeter spraying; 235–236; III: 372–373, 374–375; IV: Occupational herbicide exposure; 365; V: 357–358; VI: 318; VII: 458 Phenoxy herbicides; Professional histopathology, I: 526–527 herbicide/pesticide applicators; Selective incidence, data by race/gender, for selected herbicides; 2,3,7,8–Tetrachlorodibenzo- age groups, III: 372; IV: 365; V: 355; p-dioxin (TCCD) Read the entire page →
From page 824... ... See International Labor Organization Hydatidiform mole, I: 30, 600–601 Immortalization process, VII: 104 See also Reproductive disorders Immune system disorders, VII: 617–620 Hydrocephalus, I: 609, 611 2,4-D toxicity, I: 181; II: 41; III: 46, 524; See also Reproductive disorders IV: 197; V: 37 Hydrocortisone (HC) , II: 73 biologic plausibility, VI: 447–448; VII: Hypercholesterolemia, I: 690 619–620 See also Lipid and lipoprotein disorders cell-mediated immunity, II: 69–70 Hyperlipidemia, I: 152–153, 688, 692 cellular immunity, I: 147 See also Lipid and lipoprotein disorders endocrine system and, I: 150–151 Hypertension, I: 705, 706, 707, 708; IV: 135; epidemiologic studies, II: 327–329; III: VI: 7, 469; VII: 145, 671–673 488–491; IV: 79, 195; V: 484–485; VI: See also Circulatory disorders 443–448; VII: 619 Hyperthyroidism epidemiology, II: 326–327; III: 487 TCDD-induced, I: 168 herbicide toxicity, I: 122–123; II: 7, 11, 21, See also Metabolic and digestive disorders; 327–329; III: 3, 488–491; V: 483–485; Thyroid homeostasis VI: 445–446; VII: 53–54, 59, 144, 619 Hypoglycemia humoral immunity, I: 147–148; II: 69–70 TCDD-induced, I: 166–168 immune modulation in, I: 692–696, See also Metabolic and digestive disorders 698–699; VI: 7, 39 Hypospadias, I: 609, 611 macrophage function, I: 148 See also Reproductive disorders picloram toxicity, I: 192; II: 41; IV: 5 research methodology, I: 692 scientiﬁc literature update, II: 328–329; III: 489–491; V: 484; VI: 445–446 Read the entire page →
From page 825... ... VII: 155–156, 224–225, 724–727 Infertility, I: 631–634; II: 7, 11; V: 405–409; herbicide exposure assessment in VII: 518–525 occupational studies, III: 151–152, biologic plausibility, II: 282; III: 451; V: 154; IV: 111, 137–139, 189–194, 252, 409; VI: 372; VII: 523–524 257, 259–260, 262–263, 265, 271, 276, epidemiologic studies, II: 280; III: 445–449, 280, 290, 293, 296–297, 300, 306, 312, 450; V: 409; VI: 365–372; VII: 522–523 318–319, 324–325, 333, 338, 341, 343, epidemiology, II: 279; III: 444–445 348–349, 353, 359–360, 368, 374–375, herbicide association in, II: 278, 280–282; 381; VI: 171–172; VII: 654 III: 445–451; IV: 405–409; V: 405–409; Vietnam military use of herbicides, VI: 366–371; VII: 106–107, 147 response, III: 30 herbicidal environmental exposure studies, International Classiﬁcation of Diseases (ICD) , VII: 520, 523 II: 325; III: 265; IV: 248, 249; V: 242, herbicidal occupational exposure studies, 531–533; VI: 26, 201, 463, 571–574 VII: 519–520, 522 ICD-9 cancer codes, SEER program new studies summary, II: 280–281; III: site groupings for, III: 537–539; IV: 446–449, 450 524–526; VI: 572–574; VII: 264–267, scientiﬁc literature update, V: 406–408; VI: 707–716 366–371 International Labor Organization (ILO) Read the entire page →
From page 826... ... See Internal Revenue Service children and, I: 628; IV: 417, 420, 428 Irvine, California, III: 533 epidemiologic studies, I: 515; II: 224–225; Ischemic heart disease, VI: 7 III: 352–355; IV: 346–348; V: 335–338; Israel. See Jerusalem, Israel VI: 292–296; VII: 415–420 Italy, I: 320–321, 338–341, 384, 486–487, 492, epidemiology, I: 513, 514; II: 223; III: 523, 537, 552, 553, 561, 566, 632; II: 351–352; IV: 345–346 183, 229; III: 9, 224, 230, 232, 234, herbicide association in, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 235, 271, 284–285, 294, 297, 299, 337, 7, 11, 20, 139–140, 224–225, 249–250; 358, 364, 373, 379–380, 387, 388, 516; III: 7, 10, 352–356; IV: 342, 346–348, IV: 133, 140, 144, 147–148, 149, 208, 385; V: 333–338 212, 214, 230, 278, 282, 315, 325, 336, herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 341, 347, 351, 354, 357, 360, 368, 372, 353, 354; IV: 347; V: 336, 337; VII: 375, 379, 381, 425, 430, 445, 464, 472, 417–418, 420 501, 507; V: 5, 117; VI: 124–125, 181, herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 246, 476–477 353, 354; IV: 346; V: 334, 335, 337; Forli Province, III: 230 VII: 415–420 National Statistics Institute, II: 141 histopathology, I: 513 Novara Province, III: 225; IV: 197; VI: 124; incidence, data by race/gender, for selected VII: 162 age groups, III: 352; IV: 334, 345–346; VI: 292 Read the entire page →
From page 827... ... INDEX 827 risk factors, I: 514; IV: 342, 345; V: 338 aging effects control, II: 261–262; III: 409 scientiﬁc literature update, II: 224–225; III: arsenic and, II: 268; III: 420 353, 355; IV: 346–347; V: 334, 337; VI: asbestos and, II: 268; III: 420 293 data limitations, III: 413, 414, 415, 416 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 522; II: 223, 224, data requirements, II: 264, 265, 266; III: 225; III: 353, 355; IV: 348; V: 338; VI: 412, 414, 415, 416; IV: 283 296 epidemiological studies, analysis of, II: Vietnam veterans and, VII: 418–420 261–266; III: 408–412 See also Genitourinary cancers; Wilm's epidemiological studies, new, III: 419; IV: tumor 148, 254, 256, 269, 293, 329, 473, 483, Kidneys 484, 506 2,4-D toxicity in, I: 125, 179–180; II: 42; gamma rays and, II: 268; III: 418 IV: 28, 37, 42, 43, 66, 68, 73, 76; V: 518 literature review results, II: 266–267; III: arsenic toxicity in, IV: 39 416–418, 420–424, 426–427, 429; IV: cacolydic acid toxity in, II: 42; IV: 387 257, 260, 263, 265, 271, 280, 297, 333, Korean War, II: 150; III: 237; IV: 150; VI: 135 343, 353, 368, 375 See also South Koreans measurement errors, II: 263–264; III: 411–412 mortality and incidence studies for L examining, II: 263; III: 410–411, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 429 Laos, I: 106 nickel and, II: 269; III: 420 Large-cell lymphoma, V: 430 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, III: 428–430 Laryngeal cancer, I: 461, 470–471; II: 202–203; potential problems with, II: 264, 265, 266; IV: 277–280; V: 268–272; VI: 230–234; III: 413, 414, 415, 416 VII: 325–330 prostate cancer, II: 273–275; III: 426–428 biologic plausibility, III: 295; IV: 279; V: radon daughters and, II: 268; III: 418 271–272; VI: 234; VII: 330 random misclassiﬁcation and, II: 263–264; epidemiologic studies, III: 293–295; IV: III: 411–412 277–278, 280–281; V: 270–271; VI: relative risks, II: 264, 265, 266, 271, 275, 232–233; VII: 326–329 351; III: 412, 413, 414, 415, 418, 420, epidemiology, III: 292; IV: 277 422, 426–427, 428, 430–431 herbicide environmental exposure studies, respiratory cancer, II: 268–273; III: 418, V: 270; VI: 233; VII: 328–329 420–426; IV: 284, 285; VI: 2 herbicide exposure and, III: 293–295; IV: 9, smoking and, II: 268; III: 418; IV: 250, 273 277–278; V: 268–272 time-related factors, II: 262, 263–264; III: herbicide occupational exposure studies, 411–412, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, III: 293–294; IV: 277–278; V: 270; VI: 429; IV: 464, 465 231–233; VII: 326–328 Vietnam veterans, relevancy for, II: 276, incidence, data by race/gender, for selected 351; III: 12–13, 430–431; IV: 466 age groups, III: 292; IV: 277; VI: 231 See also Cancer larynx, IV: 6, 8, 9 Lawn care, I: 119, 177–178; IV: 274 scientiﬁc literature update, III: 293–294, LDL. See Low-density lipoprotein receptors 295; IV: 277–278; V: 269; VI: 231–234 Leather tanners, I: 486, 514 TCDD association with, V: 5 Legal issues Vietnam veterans studies, III: 294–295; IV: Agent Orange manufacturers' liability, I: 278; V: 269; VI: 233–234; VII: 328–329 34–35 See also Respiratory cancers federal government liability, I: 34 Latency effects in cancer studies, I: 231–232, South Korean Vietnam veterans, I: 62 434, 435, 436–438, 494, 495, 727; II: 2, Times Beach, Missouri, I: 41; IV: 133 13–14, 175; III: 3, 12–14, 266, 407–408 Read the entire page →
From page 828... ... See Deaths Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 13, 568–570, 571, Leukemia, VII: 474–494, 713 577; III: 385, 386, 388–389, 390; IV: acute lymphocytic leukemia, III: 383, 384; 379 IV: 377; V: 366 TCDD biologic plausibility in, I: 571; III: acute myelogenous leukemia, IV: 417–429, 390; IV: 380–381, 426 432; V: 16, 366; VII: 490–494 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 564, 570, acute myeloid leukemia, III: 383–384; IV: 571–572; II: 245, 246; IV: 381, 426; V: 9, 377; V: 366 372; VI: 333, 337 agricultural workers and, I: 13, 332–333, Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 385, 386, 334–335, 566–568; II: 136; III: 389, 392; IV: 373, 380, 420–422; V: 387–388; IV: 140, 143–144, 216 371; VI: 332–333; VII: 482–484 biologic plausibility I: 571; III: 390; IV: Lewy bodies, V: 464; VI: 410 380–381; V: 372, 376; VI: 333, 337; Leydig cells, II: 71, 279; III: 445; IV: 405; V: VII: 485–486 405 categories of herbicide association in, V: 7 LH. See Luteinizing hormone Read the entire page →
From page 829... ... 25–30, 34, 37, 41–44, 56–60, 66–73, 77, Listeria 83, 498–505; V: 499–500, 516–517 TCDD exposure and, II: 68 Vietnam veterans and, II: 332; III: 512–513; Literature, identifying, VI: 20–22; VII: 29–34 IV: 502–504; V: 501 See also Data sources; Scientiﬁc literature See also Hepatomegaly; Lipid and update; speciﬁc topics lipoprotein disorders; Metabolic and Liver cancer digestive disorders background, IV: 267 Lombardy, Italy, II: 147, 299; IV: 329 biologic plausibility, IV: 270 Low birthweight, VII: 531–535 children and, I: 628 biologic plausibility, III: 458; IV: 416–417; epidemiologic studies, I: 453–455; IV: V: 425; VI: 382–383; VII: 534 268–270 deﬁnition, I: 625; IV: 413–414; V: 422 herbicide association in, I: 13, 457, 577; IV: epidemiologic studies, III: 456–457, 459; 143, 157, 385 IV: 414–416; V: 425; VI: 379–383; VII: incidence, VI: 222 532–534 picloram in, I: 190 epidemiology, I: 625–626; III: 454, 455, research recommendations, I: 19, 727 456; IV: 413–414 Read the entire page →
From page 830... ... See Leukemia lumberjacks pesticide exposure, V: 5 Lymphopoietic cancers, V: 5 sawmill workers herbicide exposure, III: 10, 156, 227–228, 338, 439–440, 447–448, 449, 452, 453, 457; IV: 114, 142, 290, M 296, 306, 307, 312, 333, 338, 343, 368, 404, 408, 418, 419, 422, 427; V: 225; Maine, I: 60, 400, 603; II: 292; III: 243; IV: VI: 177; VII: 231–232 158; VII: 184 See also Forests Malathion, I: 87, 88, 91 Lung cancer, VII: 330–341 Male reproductive function. See Infertility 2,4-D in, I: 177 Malignant lymphomas agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 466; 2,4-D exposure and, I: 119, 177–178 IV: 142 epidemiology, II: 231; IV: 137, 140, 143 biologic plausibility, III: 302; IV: 284; V: See also Hodgkin's disease (HD) Read the entire page →
From page 831... ... - 500–504; V: 500–501 propanoic acid Vietnam veterans and, III: 510, 512–513; Mechanistic studies, VII: 43–44, 54–55 IV: 502–504; V: 502; VII: 643 Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval See also Diabetes mellitus; System, I: 735 Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Mekong Delta, II: 104 Lipid and lipoprotein disorders; Ulcers, Melanomas gastrointestinal biologic plausibility, III: 317; IV: 305; V: Metabolic syndrome, VII: 700 295; VI: 260; VII: 363 Metabolism epidemiologic studies, III: 313–317; IV: energy of, VI: 40 299–302, 306–308; V: 288–294; VI: and half-life studies, VI: 51–54 251–261 Methodological bias herbicide association with, III: 313–317; IV: biological stored samples, analysis, I: 302–308; V: 287–295 20–21, 729–730 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: cancer studies, I: 436 316; IV: 302, 303; V: 291–292; VI: 256; controlling for, I: 33, 226–227, 234–235, VII: 358, 362 242–246; IV: 105, 108–109 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: healthy worker effect, I: 230 316, 317; IV: 302; V: 288, 289, 290, herbicide exposure assessment, I: 17, 291, 292; VI: 254–256; VII: 356–362 257–259, 286–287, 291, 724 incidence of, III: 313, 315; IV: 299–300; latency studies, II: 263–264; III: 408–412 VI: 252 proportionate mortality studies, I: 233 morbidity studies, VI: 257–258 recall bias, I: 256, 601 mortality studies, III: 314–315, 316; IV: reproductive outcome studies, I: 591–592, 306–307; V: 291–292; VI: 255–256 601 scientiﬁc literature update, III: 314–315; IV: self-reports, I: 270–271; II: 109, 150 302–304; V: 290, 292; VI: 254–259 Methodology Vietnam veterans studies, III: 316, 317; IV: Agent Orange Study, I: 58–59, 63–64; II: 2 303–306; V: 288, 289, 292, 293–294; Agent Orange Working Group, I: 19, 728 VI: 256–259, 261; VII: 359–363 Alsea, Oregon, investigation, I: 372–373, See also Basal/squamous cell skin cancer; 598 Skin cancer American Legion Agent Orange study, I: Melatonin, TCDD-induced wasting syndrome 602 and, I: 165 assessment of strength of evidence, I: 238–241; II: 88–97; III: 124–133 Read the entire page →
From page 832... ... 832 INDEX BASF study, I: 312–313 herbicide exposure reconstruction model biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 124, 128 evaluation, I: 18, 289–290, 726; II: 25 burden of proof approach, I: 226–227, 245 herbicide occupational exposure assessment, cancer expected incidence, I: 439–440 I: 262–264, 269–270; III: 150–156 cancer studies, I: 435–440, 442–443, 445; immune system research, I: 692 II: 175, 176; III: 265–266 indirect adjustment, I: 229 case-control studies, I: 234–235, 256–257, information management, I: 735–738 326–341; II: 94–95; III: 130; VI: 9 judgment in, I: 245–246; II: 96; III: case reports, I: 235–236 131–132 Centers for Disease Control Birth Defects latency and cancer studies, II: 261–266, Study, I: 611–612 351; III: 407–416 Centers for Disease Control epidemiologic meta-analysis, I: 225, 237–238, 242–243 studies, I: 19, 387–393, 498, 728 neurological assessment, I: 14, 641–642, circulatory disease studies, I: 699–700, 649 705–706, 707; II: 335; IV: 11, 463, 502, neuropsychiatric studies, I: 657 506 new evidence integration, II: 96; III: 132 cohort studies, I: 229–232, 254–256, NIOSH studies, I: 303–305; II: 350–351, 318–323; IV: 8–13, 28, 43, 46, 111, 356, 357; IV: 111, 136 114, 123–161 passim, 182–247 passim, Nitro, West Virginia, industrial accident 251–253, 256–388 passim, 402, 409, studies, I: 305–307 418–422, 425–431, 473–474, 478–479, NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 483, 486–492, 500–509 odds ratio determination, I: 234, 239; II: 90; conﬁdence intervals, I: 244; IV: 19, 43, 251, III: 126–127; IV: 105 278, 342, 385, 419, 445, 472, 483, 515 Ofﬁce of Technology Assessment, I: 19, consistency in, VI: 26 728 controlled observational studies, I: 228 paper/pulp mill worker studies, I: 341, 364 Department of Veterans Affairs studies, I: publication bias, II: 95–96; III: 131; IV: 393–399, 494–495; IV: 1, 15, 133, 151, 108; V: 27–28 157–158, 255, 284, 399, 421 Ranch Hand study, I: 230–231, 385–386, disease latency effects, I: 231–232, 434, 498, 757–762 436–438, 494, 495, 727; II: 351–357 random misclassiﬁcation and latency, II: dose-response relationship, I: 239–230, 252; 263–264; III: 411–412 II: 89; IV: 40 relative risk assessment, I: 229, 239, 258; Dow studies, I: 307–312 II: 90, 351, 356; III: 126, 127; IV: 105 epidemiologic studies evaluation, I: reproductive outcome studies, I: 591–592 300–301; II: 93–94; III: 129–130; IV: respiratory disease studies, I: 708–709, 103–109, 132–161, 182–247 712–713; II: 324 evidence categories, I: 227–237; III: 132; risk assessment, I: 225–226; II: 89; III: IV: 103–109 passim 127–128 experimental studies evaluation, II: 92–93 sample size and disease frequency, I: 231, health outcome categories for herbicide 242–243, 440, 499 association, I: 5–8, 223–225, 246–247; Selected Cancers Study, I: 234–235, 498 II: 97; III: 132; IV: 6–12 self-reports, I: 270–271; II: 109; IV: 9, 113, herbicide environmental exposure 122, 125–126, 135, 141, 154–157, 159, assessment, I: 262–263, 269–270; III: 255, 262, 287, 297, 299, 304, 308, 310, 156–157 313, 320, 324, 325, 326, 335, 336–337, herbicide exposure, statistical association 339, 364, 380, 383, 402, 406, 418–419, with diseases, II: 88, 90–91; III: 1–2, 6, 421–425, 484, 487, 492, 503–504, 126–127; IV: 103; V: 22–23 507–509 herbicide exposure assessment strategies, I: soft-tissue sarcoma studies, I: 482–490, 251–259, 270–287; III: 144–145 497–500 Read the entire page →
From page 833... ... See Demographic data, 6-Methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran, I: 153 Vietnam veterans; Foreign veterans; Michigan, I: 374, 375, 383; II: 113, 153, 161, Operation Ranch Hand; US Air Force; 202, 308; III: 159, 160, 218, 221, 234, US Army; US Army Chemical Corps 235, 243, 270, 357–358, 363, 373, 387, (ACC) ; US Coast Guard; US Marine 388, 484, 511, 516; IV: 133, 136, 149, Corps; US Navy; US Special Forces; 158, 231, 266, 335, 350, 355, 363, 368, Vietnam veterans; Women veterans 370, 381, 383, 414; V: 117; VI: 133; Military records, I: 742–743 VII: 184 herbicide exposure assessment use, I: Department of Management and Budget's 271–280, 287–288; II: 101; III: 138, Vietnam-era Bonus List, II: 153, 161, 140; IV: 125 202, 208, 221, 225, 230, 234, 236, 246; herbicide spray missions records, I: 27, 62, III: 308, 336, 353, 489 84–85, 104–106 Department of Public Health, II: 161 HERBS tapes, I: 62, 96–98; III: 146, 148; See also Detroit, Michigan; Midland, IV: 123–125 Michigan; Tecumseh, Michigan research recommendations, I: 17, 724–725 Microarray analysis, VII: 71–80 Vietnam casualties, I: 82–83 Midland, Michigan, III: 152, 221, 234; IV: 149; Vietnam herbicide ground spraying, I: 94, V: 117 95; IV: 110–111, 113–114 Midwest Research Institute, I: 29–30 Vietnam service identiﬁcation in, II: 24–25, Milan, Italy, II: 243; III: 232; IV: 144 175 Military health care Vietnam veterans in, I: 75–80, 106; II: Agent Orange legislation, II: 28; III: 26, 27 150–153 Department of Veterans Affairs activities, II: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) Read the entire page →
From page 834... ... See Child mortality studies; Deaths; 658–659; IV: 445–447 Perinatal death herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: Mortality of Vietnam Veterans: The Veteran 658; IV: 445–447 Cohort Study, III: 273, 285–286 scientiﬁc literature update, II: 309–310; III: Mortality studies, II: 130; IV: 140, 141, 144, 470; IV: 445–447 146, 149, 156, 157, 159, 184–194, 252, Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 662; II: 309, 310 253 See also Ataxia; Dystonia; Neurobehavioral basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 319, toxicity; Neurologic disorders; 321; V: 296 Parkinsonism; Stroke cancer, I: 442–445; II: 133, 134, 136, Motor neuron disease, V: 461 137, 185; IV: 137, 140, 142, 143, 150, Motor/sensory/coordination problems, I: 14, 199–200–206 658–662 circulatory disorders, II: 335; V: 504 Movement disorders. See Motor/coordination death certiﬁcate data, I: 236–237; II: 136, dysfunction 137–138 MPTP, I: 661; IV: 445, 448 female reproductive cancers statistics, II: MRR. Read the entire page →
From page 835... ... , I: 9, 30, 37, Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 380, 382; IV: 439; II: 231; III: 218, 363; VI: 120 373; V: 365; VI: 324; VII: 469–472 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) , See also Malignant lymphomas III: 266; IV: 249 Myelogenous leukemia, VI: 12, 15–16 ICD-9 cancer codes, SEER program Myeloid leukemia. Read the entire page →
From page 836... ... See National Cancer Institute herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: NDDG. See National Diabetes Data Group 306; III: 467 Nebraska, I: 9, 37, 332, 333–334, 535; II: 139, TCDD, II: 305, 307–308, 309, 310–311, 231, 233–234, 241; III: 229, 363; IV: 314; III: 469, 470–471, 474, 475; IV: 143–144, 211, 216, 360, 375, 382; VI: 25–26; V: 71–72; VII: 114–116 127–128 Vietnam veterans increased risk, II: 305, Nebraska Lymphoma Study, II: 139 306, 314; III: 475–476; VI: 410 Read the entire page →
From page 837... ... ; Stroke New Jersey, I: 656, 695; II: 280; III: 243, 500; Neuroblastoma, I: 594; V: 5 IV: 158, 483, 487, 493; VII: 184 children and, I: 628; IV: 422, 425; V: Agent Orange Commission, I: 60, 280–281, 425–432 401–402, 741; II: 292 Neuroﬁbromatosis, V: 283; VI: 246 See also Newark, New Jersey Neurologic disorders, VII: 566–598 New Mexico, I: 60, 402; III: 243; IV: 159; VII: 2,4-D in, I: 179; II: 48; III: 45–46, 473, 474 184 assessment issues, I: 14, 641–642; IV: New York, II: 202; IV: 149, 159, 230, 291, 298, 440–441 355, 364, 371; V: 429; VI: 60, 364–365, biologic plausibility, III: 474–475; IV: 402–403, 444, 470, 495, 626; VII: 184, 457–459; VI: 429–430; VII: 591–592 236 childhood cancer, I: 628 See also Binghamton, New York; Camp classiﬁcation of, I: 640; II: 304–305; V: Drum, New York 447–448 New York City, V: 5 cognitive/neuropsychiatric effects, I: New Zealand, I: 329–331, 373, 486, 490, 649–658; III: 468–469; IV: 441–443; V: 535–536, 552, 560–561; II: 132, 134, 448–452 242; III: 226, 229; IV: 113, 142, 143, epidemiologic studies, I: 44–45, 643–648; 149, 206, 215, 216, 297, 361, 369, 375, II: 141, 305, 307, 309; III: 467–473; IV: 404; VI: 127, 133, 176; VII: 655 441–459; VI: 6, 404–435 See also Northland, New Zealand herbicide association in, I: 14, 657, 661, Newark, New Jersey, II: 128–129; III: 219, 220; 666; III: 467–476; IV: 441–459 IV: 134–135; V: 105 herbicide occupational exposure studies NHANES III. See National Health and and, I: 649–651, 658, 662–663; III: 467; Nutrition Evaluation Survey III VII: 147 NHIS. Read the entire page →
From page 838... ... 331, 333–334, 335–338, 383, 384, North Dakota, IV: 149, 344, 349, 354, 362, 391–393, 401, 528–540, 573–574; 369, 375, 382 II: 134–135, 138, 139, 231–234; III: Northeast Pharmaceutical and Chemical 362–371; IV: 116, 137, 199, 211, 212, Corporation, I: 40 213, 214, 215, 216, 294, 356–358, Northland, New Zealand, III: 234; IV: 149; 359–364; V: 5, 345–355; VI: 303–312; VI: 133 VII: 444–456 Norway, III: 10, 225, 442–443; IV: 197, 209, epidemiology, I: 526, 527; II: 231; III: 362; 404; VI: 125, 133; VII: 162, 171 IV: 355–356; VII: 142 Central Population Register, III: 225, 442 herbicide association in, I: 8–10, 548, 573– Medical Birth Registry, III: 225, 442 574; II: 5, 6, 20, 102, 108, 231–234, 247; Population Registry, III: 236 III: 6, 7, 20, 24, 362–371; IV: 6, 8, 17, See also Frierfjord, Norway 384, 422, 425; V: 14, 343–355; VI: 16 NTP. See National Toxicology Program herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: Null hypothesis, I: 225 540–541; II: 234; III: 365, 369; IV: 149, 357; V: 5, 347–348, 351–354, 430–431; VI: 13, 310–311; VII: 145–146, 148, O 449–451, 455–496 herbicide occupational exposure and, Occupational herbicide exposure, I: 5, 303; VI: II: 232–234; III: 363–365, 367–369; 9, 120–129, 169–177; VII: 151–168, IV: 142, 143–144, 146, 356; V: 344, 221–232, 717–752 345–347, 350–351; VI: 310; VII: 141, acute and subacute transient peripheral 144–145, 444–455 neuropathy and, II: 312; IV: 10 histopathology, I: 526 acute myelogenous leukemia, VII: 493 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected agricultural/forestry workers, II: 183–184, age groups, III: 362; IV: 355–356; V: 197–198, 232–234, 238–239, 241–243; 344; VI: 303 III: 178–195, 224–232, 284–285, 335, latency issues, III: 428–430 364–365, 379–380, 387–388; IV: 112– paper/pulp workers and, I: 540 113, 140–142; VI: 124–128, 174–175; production workers and, I: 9, 529–530, 548; VII: 159–162 II: 232; III: 363–364, 429 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, research recommendations, I: 19, 727 III: 321, 323; IV: 309; V: 296, 297, scientiﬁc literature update, II: 232–234; 298–299; VII: 367, 370 III: 363–366; IV: 356–358; V: 344, birth defects and, II: 286–287; III: 437; IV: 350–351; VI: 310–312 404; V: 394–395; VI: 362; VII: 536–537 Selected Cancers Study and, I: 234–235 bladder cancer and, III: 348, 350; IV: Vietnam veterans and, I: 9, 401, 526, 541– 341–342; V: 329, 330; VII: 408–413 548, 549; II: 231, 234; III: 363, 365, bone/joint cancer and, III: 303, 305; IV: 370–371; IV: 156–157, 357–358, 359; 288–289; V: 280; VII: 342–345 V: 348–350, 354, 355; VII: 451–453, brain tumors and, III: 357–358, 360; IV: 456 351; V: 340–341; VI: 301; VII: 425–431 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 51, breast cancer and, II: 214–216; III: 55–56; II: 24, 29, 30, 31 324–326, 328; IV: 317; V: 301, 302, 304 Vietnam veterans' risk, VI: 312 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218; V: 300–301 Read the entire page →
From page 839... ... INDEX 839 cancer mortality, I: 443–444; II: 133, 134, gastrointestinal tract tumors and, II: 136, 137 178–179; III: 268–271, 274–280; IV: cancer risk factor, I: 442; II: 133–135 251–254; V: 245; VI: 219 cancers of the digestive organs, VII: 285 hepatobiliary cancer and, II: 182–184, cancers of the eye and orbit, VII: 421-422 185, 186; III: 282–283, 284, 287; IV: cervical cancer and, III: 332; VII: 385 268–269; V: 261; VII: 311–317 childhood cancer, IV: 418–419, 427; VII: Hodgkin's disease and, II: 235–236; III: 547–548 372–373, 374–375; IV: 365–366; V: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, VII: 357–358; VI: 318; VII: 458 487–488 immune system disorders and, III: 489, 491; circulatory disorders and, III: 515–516; IV: VI: 445 506–507; V: 503; VI: 467–468; VII: infant death and, III: 456 645–666 infertility and, III: 450; IV: 406–407; VI: colon cancer and, V: 250–251; VII: 366; VII: 519–520, 522 300–302 kidney cancer, VII: 519–520, 522 colorectal cancer, VII: 299–309 laryngeal cancer and, III: 293–294; IV: diabetes mellitus and, III: 496; IV: 483– 277–278; V: 270; VI: 231–233; VII: 484; V: 487–491; VI: 450; VII: 623–625 326–328 endocrine cancers, VII: 435–436, 438 441 leukemia and, III: 386–388, 391–392; epidemiologic studies, I: 303–365; II: 3, 6– IV: 198, 379; V: 368, 369–370; VI: 7, 113–140; III: 170–196, 218, 219–232, 331–332; VII: 476–485 268–271, 274–280, 282–283, 284, 287, lip cancer, VII: 277–278 290, 291, 293–294, 296–297, 300–301, lipid abnormalities and, III: 520; IV: 303, 305, 308–309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 114–115, 117, 493; VI: 458–459; VII: 323, 324–326, 328, 332–333, 335–336, 634–635 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, low birthweight and, III: 459; IV: 414–416; 354, 357–358, 360, 363–365, 367–369, V: 423; VI: 380–381; VII: 532–533 372–373, 374–375, 378–380, 381–382, lung cancer and, III: 296–297, 300–301, 386–388, 391–392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 421, 422, 423, 424; IV: 282; V: 274– 456, 459, 467, 483–485, 489, 491, 496, 275; VI: 235–239; VII: 147, 331–339 510–512, 515–516, 520; IV: 134–147, melanoma and, III: 316, 317; IV: 302; V: 251–254, 257–258, 259–260, 262–263, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292; VI: 254–256; 265–266, 268–269, 276, 277–278, 280, VII: 356–362 285–286, 290, 292–293, 306, 307, 312, multiple myeloma and, II: 237–243; 318–319, 324, 325, 333–334, 338, III: 378–380, 381–382; IV: 372; V: 343–344, 348–349, 353–354, 359–361, 363–364; VI: 320; VII: 466–471 368–369, 374–375, 381–382, 404, 408, nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, II: 418–419, 427, 445, 446, 473–474, 188–189; III: 290, 291; IV: 274; V: 266; 483–484, 489–490, 500–501, 506–507; VI: 227; VII: 268–274 V: 104–115; VI: 120–124, 496–539 neonatal death and, III: 455 esophageal cancer, VII: 287–290 neural tube defects numbers, II: 297 exposure assessment strategies, I: 253–256, neurobehavioral disorders association 258–259, 262–267, 269–270; II: 5, 99– studies, II: 306; III: 467 101, 107–108; III: 144–145, 150–156 non-Hodgkin's disease and, II: 232–234; exposure indices development, II: 107–108; III: 363–365, 367–369, 429; IV: 356; V: III: 161–162 344, 345–347, 350–351; VI: 310; VII: female reproductive system cancers and, III: 444–455 332–333; IV: 321; V: 311, 312, 313 ovarian cancer and, III: 333; VII: 387 gastrointestinal/digestive disorders and, pancreatic cancer, VII: 318–323 III: 510–512; IV: 500–501; V: 245; VI: 465–466; VII: 642 Read the entire page →
From page 840... ... See Oral glucose tolerance test 335–336, 337, 338, 341, 426, 427; IV: Ohio, I: 336, 550 327–329; V: 319–320; VI: 280; VII: See also Hancock County, Ohio 390–392, 398–399 Olshan, Andrew, III: 25 pulp/paper workers, I: 37–38, 267, 341, Ontario, Canada, II: 199; V: 5, 305, 414, 435; 364, 443, 447, 454, 468, 516, 523, 540, VII: 161 561–562, 568; II: 126–127, 184, 200, Ontario Farm Family Health Study, V: 414, 435; 243; III: 196, 232; IV: 114, 134, 252, VII: 228–229 268; VII: 163–164 Operation Ranch Hand, I: 3, 4, 15, 16–17, rectal cancer, VII: 305–306 24, 74; II: 5, 14, 18, 23, 54, 251, 293; renal cancers and, III: 353, 354; IV: III: 6, 11, 12, 22, 23, 37, 50, 135, 136, 346–347 137, 138, 139; IV: 13, 18, 117–119, research recommendations, I: 15–16, 731 150–156, 160–161; V: 10, 18; VI: 4–6, respiratory cancers and, II: 190, 191–200; 17, 51, 120, 134–138, 182, 220, 233, IV: 282 240, 258–259, 291, 301–302, 311–312, respiratory disorders and, III: 483–485; IV: 318, 324, 332, 406, 450, 455, 480; VII: 473–474; VII: 605–614 173–181, 647–649, 763-767– sawmill workers, III: 10, 156, 227–228, application techniques, I: 25, 85–86, 87–88; 338, 439–440, 447–448, 449, 452, 453, IV: 120–122 457; IV: 114 Army Chemical Corps and, IV: 123–124 skin cancer and, III: 312; IV: 300, 301; VI: birth defects in offspring of, IV: 18, 254–256 403–404, 408, 430; V: 16 soft-tissue sarcomas, II: 206–207; III: categorization based on potential exposure, 308–309; IV: 292–293; V: 284–285; VI: V: 120 246 chloracne and, IV: 8, 464–466 spontaneous abortion, VII: 527 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, V: stillbirths and, III: 454 465–466 stomach cancer and, V: 247–248; VII: cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders, V: 291–298 449–451 testicular cancer and, III: 344, 345; IV: 336; continuation of, IV: 21, 160–161 V: 326; VII: 403–406 diabetes mellitus, V: 491–492 thyroid homeostasis and, VI: 479–480 epidemiological studies, II: 31, 32, tongue cancer, VII: 280 150–152, 154–156; III: 28–29, 237, uterine cancer and, III: 333; VII: 387 438–439, 498; IV: 9, 10, 150–156, Vietnam veteran exposure vs., I: 4, 285, 290 255, 262, 269, 272, 275–276, 278, 280, See also Herbicide exposure assessment; 283–284, 287, 291, 295, 298–299, 301, Herbicides 303–305, 308–310, 313, 327, 329, 331– 332, 334–336, 339, 342–343, 345, 347, Read the entire page →
From page 841... ... tract cancers herbicide formulations, I: 88–91; V: 230 Paper/pulp industry workers, VI: 119–120, 177; herbicide surplus disposal, I: 93–94 VII: 163–164, 231–232, 654, 740–741 herbicide volume used, data by type, III: cancers in, I: 443, 454, 468, 516, 523, 540, 136 568; II: 200; IV: 114, 134, 252, 268 neurological disorders in, IV: 442, 454–455, chemical exposures in, I: 37–38, 267; III: 459 155–156; IV: 134, 252 number of military personnel in, I: 94, 273 epidemiologic studies, I: 38, 341, 364; objectives, I: 85 II: 126–127, 184, 200, 243; III: 196, operations data, I: 86, 87, 92, 106–107 232; IV: 134, 221–223, 252, 268; V: porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) , IV: 114–115, 166–167, 225; VI: 128–129 466–467; V: 480 hepatobiliary cancer, II: 184 questionnaires, self-administered, II: 109, multiple myeloma and, II: 243 151; IV: 124 Parkinsonism, I: 661; II: 140, 149, 309–310; research recommendations, V: 524 III: 469–470, 475; IV: 144, 443–445, spontaneous abortion, V: 418 448, 458; V: 6, 453–461, 524; V: start of, I: 84, 85 453–461; VI: 6; VII: 570–580 suspension of, I: 27, 31, 32, 92–93; II: 109 biologic plausibility, VI: 419–420; VII: 579 targeting procedures, I: 86 epidemiologic studies, V: 454–459; VI: TCDD half-life in, IV: 24, 28, 43; VI: 90 410–420; VII: 572–580 thyroid homeostasis and, V: 513 herbicide association in, V: 453–460, 464 See also Air Force Health Study (AFHS) Read the entire page →
From page 842... ... See Agricultural herbicides; 11, 20, 278, 285–286; III: 451–454, Desiccant herbicides; Fungicides; 455, 456; IV: 413; V: 421–422 Herbicides; Insecticides; Phenoxy herbicide environmental exposure and, III: herbicides; Selective herbicides 454, 455, 456 Pharmacokinetics herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 2,4-D, I: 175 454, 455, 456 2,4,5-T, I: 182 risk factors, I: 619–620; V: 422 cacodylic acid, I: 186–187 scientiﬁc literature update, II: 285; III: picloram, I: 190 452–453, 454, 456; V: 421–422; VI: 379 TCDD, I: 127–133, 260–261, 284; II: TCDD biologic plausibility in, I: 624; V: 53–54; III: 161; IV: 41, 42, 47 422 TCDD-induced wasting syndrome, I: Vietnam veterans and, II: 285; III: 454, 455, 162–166 456; IV: 413; V: 422; VI: 379 See also Toxicokinetics Peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders, I: Phenoxy herbicides, I: 8, 9, 10, 11, 27; III: 150, 55, 662–666; II: 304, 312; IV: 440; VI: 151, 154, 222, 223, 422, 423, 429; V: 3, 426–427; VII: 585–591 5; VII: 31, 659 acute and subacute transient peripheral action of, I: 27; IV: 16 neuropathy, II: 2, 6, 89, 311–314; III: 7, IARC registry and, IV: 137 8, 473; IV: 10, 18, 457–459; V: 14, 16, See also Herbicides 27 Phenoxyacetic acid, V: 415 biologic plausibility, V: 470–472; VI: 428; Phenoxyenolpyruvate carboxykinase, I: 172 VII: 589 Phenoxypropionic acids, I: 327 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: Philadelphia chromosome, V: 367 89, 310–311; III: 470–472; 454–456; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Read the entire page →
From page 843... ... See Age and aging; chemical properties/structure, I: 111, Deaths; Demographic data, Vietnam 114–115, 189; II: 38; III: 32 veterans; Gender; Perinatal death; chronic exposure, I: 191–192 Race/ethnicity developmental/reproductive toxicity, I: Porphyria, I: 153–154 192; II: 42; III: 460; IV: 416, 426, 431, Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) , VII: 602–603 434–435 biological plausibility, II: 323; III: 482; IV: domestic use, I: 189 468; V: 480; VI: 440; VII: 603 genotoxicity, I: 191 clinical features, I: 679; IV: 466–467; V: immunotoxicity, I: 122–123, 192; II: 41 479 liver toxicity, I: 125; II: 42; III: 524 epidemiologic studies, I: 680–682; II: 6, metabolism, I: 115, 116 129, 321–323; III: 481–482; IV: 194, neurologic effects, V: 40 467–468; V: 480; VI: 439–440; VII: 603 pharmacokinetics, I: 190; IV: 27–28 epidemiology, II: 321; III: 480–481; IV: 10, toxicity proﬁle update, II: 51; III: 50; IV: 466–467 22–24, 31, 33–34, 40–41; V: 40, 79; VI: herbicide association in, I: 10, 682; II: 5, 33–34, 90; VII: 61–62 6, 10, 20, 129, 321–323; III: 7, 8, 20, volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, 24, 481–482; IV: 17, 18, 135, 183, 467, data, III: 136; IV: 117 468; V: 14; VI: 13, 15 PKC. Read the entire page →
From page 844... ... , I: lipid abnormalities, I: 688–689; IV: 493 232–233; II: 161, 180, 185, 208, 225, multiple myeloma, I: 557–578; II: 237–238; 230, 234, 236, 242, 246; III: 417–418, III: 378–379; IV: 372 428; IV: 253, 369 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancers, I: 458, 459; Prostate cancer, VII: 388–402, 711 IV: 274 biologic plausibility, III: 343; IV: 332; VI: neurologic/neuropsychiatric disorders, I: 282–283; VII: 401 649, 650–651, 662–663 epidemiologic studies, I: 518–519; II: 6, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 529–530, 219–223; III: 335–342; IV: 202, 327– 548; II: 134, 135, 232; III: 363–364, 329, 330–331, 333–335; V: 319–323; 429; IV: 356 VI: 275–283; VII: 398–401 occupational studies, VII: 151–156 Read the entire page →
From page 845... ... See Quantitative structure-activity epidemiological studies, I: 649–657 relationship models herbicide association in, I: 14, 657; IV: 135, Quail Run mobile home park, I: 268, 369–370, 151 455, 665, 681, 687, 694; II: 144, 184; posttraumatic stress disorder, I: 397–398, III: 200–201, 234, 283; IV: 115, 148; V: 653–656, 658; IV: 440 116, 171–172; VII: 170, 756–757 PTD. See Preterm delivery Quantitative structure-activity relationship PTSD. Read the entire page →
From page 846... ... See Agent Orange Registry (AOR) ; gastrointestinal tract cancer incidence, data Dioxin Registry; European registry; by race and cancer type, III: 267; IV: National Vietnam Veterans Birth 250; VI: 204 Defects/Learning Disabilities Registry Hodgkin's disease incidence, data by race, and Data Base III: 372; IV: 365; V: 355; VI: 313 Regression analysis, II: 281 laryngeal cancer incidence, data by race, Relative risk, I: 224, 229, 230, 239, 258; II: 90, III: 292; IV: 273; VI: 231 178, 264, 265, 266, 271, 275, 297, 351, leukemia incidence, data by type and race, 356; III: 126–127, 412, 413, 414, 415, III: 384; IV: 378; VI: 326 418, 420, 422, 426–427, 428, 430–431; liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancer incidence, IV: 83, 105, 138, 142, 153, 254, 277, by race, III: 282; IV: 267, 502; VI: 222 278, 282, 284, 303, 310, 315, 321, 322, lung cancer incidence, data by race, III: 329, 331, 332, 366, 373, 379, 424, 447, 296; IV: 281; VI: 235 472, 500; VI: 3, 22 melanoma incidence, data by race, III: 313; Relevant literature, identifying, VI: 20–22 IV: 300; VI: 252 Renal cancer, VII: 711. Read the entire page →
From page 847... ... ; Low birthweight; publication bias, II: 95–96; III: 131; IV: Neural tube defects; Ovarian cancer; 108; V: 27–28 Perinatal death; Preterm delivery (PTD) ; Research needs Sex ratio; Sperm parameter disorders; age and aging, V: 10 Spontaneous abortion biomarkers, I: 17, 725; II: 25 Reproductive system cancers, women, I: 13, cost of, I: 727 14, 505–512, 577; II: 6; IV: 320–326; health outcome priorities, I: 19, 726–727 V: 309–316; VI: 79–81; VII: 107–110, herbicide exposure assessment, I: 4, 15, 16– 382–388 17, 287–290, 291, 721–722, 724–728 Read the entire page →
From page 848... ... , II: 73; III: 53, 73, 98 radon daughters and, latency, II: 268; III: Retinoic acid receptor b (RARb) Read the entire page →
From page 849... ... INDEX 849 Ribonucleic acid (RNA) , II: 55, 58, 59, 62, 74, peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 666; 75; III: 80, 82, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104 II: 314; IV: 459 Richter's syndrome, VI: 334 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 682–683; II: Risk assessment, Vietnam veterans, I: 5, 14–15, 323; IV: 468; V: 479 221, 225–226, 246, 247–248, 578; prostate cancer risk, II: 223; III: 343; IV: II: 14, 22–23, 91; III: 14–15, 22–23, 332; V: 324 127–128, 475–476, 525; IV: 388, 517; reproductive outcomes, I: 634; II: 300–301; VI: 9–10, 17; VII: 36 IV: 407, 431 amyloidosis, IV: 513; V: 507 respiratory cancer, I: 472; II: 190, 192–193; birth defects, I: 618; II: 298, 300–301; V: IV: 279, 284 405 respiratory disorders, I: 713–714; IV: 475; bone/joint cancer, I: 474–475; IV: 290; V: V: 483 282 skin cancer, I: 505; IV: 305–306, 311 breast cancer risk, II: 218; III: 329; IV: 318; soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 500; IV: 17, 296; V: V: 309 287 cancer, I: 440, 442–443, 578; II: 251, 276; spina biﬁda in offspring, II: 298, 301; IV: III: 397, 430–431 403 cancer in offspring, I: 630–631; IV: 426 spontaneous abortion, I: 605; IV: 411; V: chloracne, I: 678–679; II: 321; IV: 466; V: 417–418 479 TCDD concentrations with time after circulatory disorders, I: 708; IV: 510; V: exposure, II: 356–357 506 TCDD serum levels back-extrapolated to diabetes mellitus, I: 692; III: 503; IV: 489; measure dose, II: 357 V: 492 TCDD serum levels linear extrapolation, II: disease risk methodology, II: 349–357 356 female reproductive system cancers, I: 512; TCDD serum levels use to estimate disease III: 334; IV: 323; V: 316 risk, II: 350–357 fetal/infant death, I: 625; IV: 413 See also Relative risk gastrointestinal cancers, I: 452; IV: 356; VI: Risk assessment methodology, I: 5, 221, 246 221 EPA dioxin research, I: 59–60 genitourinary tract cancers, I: 522 predisposing factors, I: 731 hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 692; IV: 505 relative risk determination, I: 224, 229, 258; hepatobiliary cancers, I: 457; II: 187; IV: II: 351, 356; IV: 105; V: 22–23 270 standardized mortality ratio in, I: 229–230 Hodgkin's disease, I: 557; IV: 367; V: 361 strength of association in, I: 239 immune system disorders, I: 699; III: 491; terminology, I: 224 IV: 481; V: 485 Vietnam veterans' disease risk estimation, impossible to quantify, VI: 17 II: 349–357; IV: 17 leukemia, I: 571–572; IV: 381; V: 372 Vietnam veterans' TCDD concentrations linear extrapolation of exposure and risk, II: with time after exposure, II: 356–357 356 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels lipid abnormalities, I: 692; III: 507–508; IV: back-extrapolated to measure dose, II: 495 357 low birthweight outcomes, I: 628; IV: 417 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 662 linear extrapolation, II: 356 multiple myeloma, I: 563; IV: 374; V: 366 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels use nasal/nasopharyngeal, I: 460; IV: 275 to estimate disease risk, II: 350–357; IV: neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 658 182 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 549; IV: 359; RNA. Read the entire page →
From page 850... ... See HERBS tapes Scotland, V: 462 Seveso, Italy, III: 9; IV: 8–9, 147–148; VI: 7, Seasonal factors 51, 53–54, 120, 445–446; VII: 168–170, herbicide distribution and, I: 26, 87 232–233, 753–756 SEER. See Surveillance, Epidemiology, and accidental contamination in, I: 43; II: End Results program 140–141; III: 232–233; IV: 147 Selected Cancers Study birth defects, II: 287; III: 436 exposure assessment use, II: 101; III: 146, bladder cancer, I: 517; II: 226–227; III: 348, 231, 240 349; IV: 341 goals, I: 59, 387, 391; VI: 139 bone/joint cancer, III: 303; IV: 289 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 185; III: 283 brain tumors, I: 523; II: 230; III: 356, 358; Hodgkin's disease in, I: 554–556 IV: 351–352 liver cancer in, I: 455 breast cancer, II: 216; III: 324–326, 327; methodology, I: 57, 234–235, 243, 258, IV: 315 391–393, 440, 527 cancer incidence, II: 141, 148 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 459; II: 189 cancer mortality, I: 444; III: 422, 424 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 9, 541–543, child mortality study, II: 147 573; II: 231; IV: 17 childhood cancer, II: 299–300; IV: 425 soft-tissue sarcoma in, I: 493, 498 chloracne, I: 267, 676–677; IV: 464 Selective herbicides, I: 24, 88 circulatory disorders, I: 701–702; IV: See also Herbicides 507–509 Self-Report Symptom Inventory, I: 641 diabetes mellitus, III: 495; IV: 11, 484 Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs, II: 24, epidemiologic studies, I: 44–45, 63, 27–28; III: 23–24, 25 365–368; II: 113, 141–143, 148; III: Sensory dysfunction. Read the entire page →
From page 851... ... infertility, III: 449 Shanghai, China, II: 188 latency and cancer risk, II: 271, 272, 273, Silvex®, I: 309, 324; II: 128; III: 219; IV: 134; 274, 275; III: 13, 408, 414, 420, 422, V: 105; VII: 31 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 430 SIR. See Standardized incidence ratio leukemia, I: 13, 569–570, 571; II: 245–246; Skaraborg, Sweden, III: 234; IV: 149 III: 385, 386, 388–389, 390; IV: 379, Skin cancer, VII: 354–371, 711 425 animal studies, I: 141, 142–143; IV: 5, 24, lipid abnormalities, I: 689; III: 505 31, 40 liver cancer, I: 454–455 biologic plausibility for TCDD, I: 503; IV: liver disorders, I: 367; IV: 501–502 305, 311; VI: 260, 264–265; VII: 363 lung cancer, I: 469; II: 271; III: 296, clinical features, I: 501, 502 297–298, 299, 422, 424; IV: 282–283 epidemiologic studies, I: 502–503; II: mortality studies, I: 652; II: 141, 271, 209–211; III: 312–313; IV: 19, 149, 272–273, 275; III: 422, 424, 426, 427 154, 232, 302–305, 306–308, 312–313; multiple myeloma, I: 562; II: 243; III: 380; V: 5; VI: 251–265; VII: 356–363 IV: 372–373 epidemiology, I: 501–502; II: 209; III: 312, nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, II: 189; III: 313; IV: 299–300 290; IV: 275 herbicide association in, I: 12, 576; II: 7, neurological disorders, II: 141 11–12, 21, 209–211, 249–250; III: 8, neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 651–652 10, 21, 312; IV: 7, 11; V: 16–17, 21 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 540–541; II: herbicide environmental exposure studies, 234; III: 363, 365; IV: 357 VII: 358, 362 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 663–664; II: 10, 312–313 312; IV: 302; VII: 356–362 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 680–681 morbidity studies, V: 289; VI: 254, 263–264 prostate cancer, I: 11; II: 9, 221, 248, 274, mortality studies, VI: 253, 262 275; III: 336, 338, 426, 427; IV: 329 TCDD association with, I: 141, 142–143, renal cancer, II: 225; III: 352, 353; IV: 347 502–503; II: 209–211; III: 313–316, reproductive outcomes/toxicity, I: 598–599; 317, 319, 320, 322; IV: 19; V: 5 II: 72; III: 436, 449; IV: 400, 430–431; Vietnam veterans and, II: 209; III: 312; IV: VI: 6 303–304, 305, 309–311; VI: 256–259, respiratory cancer, II: 200–201, 269, 272; 261, 265; VII: 359–363 III: 422, 424; IV: 278, 279, 282–283, See also Basal/squamous cell skin cancer; 284 Melanomas Read the entire page →
From page 852... ... See US Special Forces 477–500; II: 132, 134–135, 205–208; Sperm parameter disorders III: 306–310, 311; IV: 149, 187, 216, altered sperm parameters, I: 631, 632, 292–295, 296–299; V: 5; VI: 245–251; 633–634; II: 7, 11, 20; III: 444–451; IV: VII: 347–353 200, 405–406, 433 epidemiology, I: 475; II: 205; III: 304, 306; See also Reproductive disorders IV: 116, 136–137, 140, 143–144, 149, Spina biﬁda, I: 609, 611, 612; II: 6, 295–296; 157; V: 282–287 VI: 15 herbicide association in, I: 8, 9–10, 500, Vietnam veterans offspring, II: 9–10, 296, 572–573; II: 5, 6, 20, 205–208, 247; III: 298, 309; III: 7, 8, 9–10, 21, 24–25, 6, 7, 20, 24, 306–310, 311; IV: 6, 8, 17; 437–438; IV: 7, 10, 18, 404–405 V: 14 See also Birth defects; Neural tube defects herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: Spontaneous abortion, I: 592; VII: 525–529 375, 383, 384; II: 207–208; III: 309; IV: agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 293–294; V: 285–286; VI: 13, 246–250; 336–337; IV: 197, 410–411 VII: 350–351, 353 Alsea, Oregon, case, I: 42–43, 372–373, herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: 598 308–309; IV: 292–293; V: 284–285; VI: biologic plausibility, V: 420; VI: 378; VII: 246; VII: 347–353 526 IARC registry and, IV: 137, 293 deﬁnition, I: 595–596; II: 282; IV: 409; V: incidence, data by race/gender, for selected 409 age groups, III: 306; IV: 292; VI: 245 epidemiologic data, quality of, I: 603–605 Midland, Michigan cohort, IV: 136 epidemiologic studies, II: 283; IV: 410–411; pesticide applicators and, I: 491 V: 420; VI: 372–378; VII: 526–529 Read the entire page →
From page 853... ... II: 205, 213; III: 229, 266, 313; IV: 215, cancer studies, II: 134, 136, 137, 178, 182, 249; VI: 202, 256, 259, 332, 384 183, 191, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 200, ICD-9 cancer codes, site groupings for, 201, 202, 204, 206, 269, 270, 271, III: 537–539; IV: 524–526; V: 243, 273, 274; III: 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 531–533; VI: 572–574; VII: 714–716 425, 426, 429; IV: 138, 142, 153; IV: Sweden, I: 8, 9, 13, 37, 322–323, 326–329, 251–253, 268, 292, 302, 327, 332, 341, 344, 350, 356, 375, 443, 444, 447, 346–347, 351–352, 365–366, 372, 379 467, 479, 480, 481, 482–486, 490, 510, role of, I: 229–230; V: 503 528–529, 530–533, 539, 548, 551–553, State governments, I: 60 561, 572–573; II: 138, 183–184, 185, Vietnam veterans epidemiologic studies by, 197, 198, 199, 209, 215, 231, 233, I: 399–405, 495–496; II: 153, 158–159, 235–236, 242–243; III: 226, 228–229, 161, 202, 292; III: 213–215, 243–244; 236, 271–272, 285, 297, 306, 308, 309, V: 126, 188–191; VI: 140–141 310, 314, 315, 317, 319, 325, 338, 340, See also speciﬁc states 349, 353, 358, 363, 372, 484, 515; IV: Statistical association, VI: 12, 22–23; VII: 201, 202, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 34–36 213, 214, 322, 328, 330, 367; V: 117, Read the entire page →
From page 854... ... , fetal/infant death and, I: 624; IV: 413 V: 449 gastrointestinal toxicity, I: 169–170, 451; Synchotron infrared spectromicroscopy, V: 59 III: 513–514 Systemic autoimmune disease, I: 697–699 genitourinary tract cancers and, I: 521–522 See also Autoimmune disease; Immune hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 457; IV: 270 system disorders Hodgkin's disease and, I: 557; IV: 8, 367 Systemic lupus erythematosus, I: 697 immune system disorders and, I: 122, See also Autoimmune disease; Immune 146–151, 699; III: 523–524; IV: 481; V: system disorders 484 lethality, IV: 76, 137 leukemia and, I: 571; IV: 380 T lipid abnormalities, III: 507; IV: 495 liver disease, III: 522–524; IV: 10, 505 2,4,5-T. See 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid motor/coordination dysfunction and, I: 661; T cell function, I: 147–148, 151; II: 3; IV: 62, II: 314 80 multiple myeloma and, I: 563; IV: 374 autoimmunity and, I: 697 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 460; immune modulation and, I: 694, 695 IV: 275 TCDD and, II: 68–70; IV: 61, 62, 78 neurological disorders and, I: 160–166; III: Vietnam veterans and, I: 698 474, 475; IV: 441–443, 445, 457–459 T-H Agricultural & Nutrition Company, I: 35 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 549; IV: Taiwan, III: 231, 470; VI: 291, 465; VII: 171 8, 116, 358 chloracne as a biomarker in, IV: 464 peripheral neuropathy and, II: 314; IV: Movement Disorders Clinic, National 457–459 Taiwan University Hospital, III: 231 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 682; II: 323; Tannery workers, I: 486, 514 IV: 468 Tasmania, I: 418, 603; II: 293; III: 244; IV: 246 reproductive disorders and, I: 123–124, TBG. Read the entire page →
From page 855... ... See Dioxin toxic equivalent 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) , factors III: 5, 19; IV: 16, 132; V: 1–4, 12, 329, Teratogenicity, I: 57, 62, 606–607 516–518; VI: 1, 3–5, 11–12, 21–22, 2,4-D, I: 180–181 118–119, 165, 201, 276, 436; VII: 31 2,4,5-T, I: 185, 373–374; II: 4 acute toxicity, II: 75–76 cacodylic acid, I: 189; V: 39 adipose tissue effects, VI: 67–68; VII: 89 picloram, I: 192 Ah receptor interaction, I: 3, 114, 118, 122, TCDD, I: 28, 30, 123, 159–160, 185, 368, 123, 133–138, 150, 151, 152, 159–160, 370, 372; III: 461; IV: 29, 53 439, 452–453, 457; II: 3–4, 51–53, viral potential, I: 607 54–56, 57–62, 176; III: 33, 34, 35, 53, See also Birth defects 54, 58–61, 62–69, 129; IV: 25, 26, 30, Testicular cancer, I: 405; VII: 402–407, 711 32, 47–53, 58, 60; V: 52–54; VII: 85–86 biologic plausibility, III: 347; IV: 337; V: animal studies, I: 111–114, 138–142, 477; 327; VI: 284; VII: 406 II: 3–4, 12, 51–77; III: 4–5, 33, 34–36, epidemiologic studies, I: 519; II: 153, 37, 40–43, 54–58, 62–63, 67–69, 227–228; III: 343–346; IV: 336–337, 74–105, 128, 129, 130, 394, 396, 338–339; V: 325–327; VI: 283–286; 460–461, 474, 475, 482, 501, 522–523; VII: 405–406 IV: 26, 53–57, 59, 270, 284, 305, 311, epidemiology, I: 515; II: 223–224; III: 343; 416, 426, 432–435, 458–459, 512; VI: IV: 335 29–30 herbicide association in, I: 13, 521; II: 7, anti-estrogenicity and, I: 512; II: 62; III: 11, 20, 227–228, 249–250; III: 7, 10, 67–69 343–347; IV: 7, 11; V: 324–328 apoptosis of, II: 3, 67; VII: 104 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: autoimmunity and, I: 697–699 344, 345; IV: 336; V: 327; VII: 404, 406 bioavailability, I: 128–129 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: biological consequences of activation, II: 344, 345; IV: 336; V: 326; VII: 403–406 57; III: 61–62 histopathology, I: 513 biomarkers, I: 4, 17, 259–262, 725; II: incidence, data by race, for selected age 101–104; III: 146–147 groups, III: 343; IV: 335; V: 324; VI: birth defects and, V: 439–441 283 bladder cancer association, II: 225–227; III: scientiﬁc literature update, II: 227–228; III: 347–348; IV: 341–342 344, 346; IV: 159, 336–337; V: 325; VI: body burdens, III: 107–108; IV: 478 284 body temperature regulation and, I: 169 studies summary, III: 343–344, 345–346; bone development effects, VI: 69–70; VII: IV: 336, 338–339 89–90 TCDD association with, V: 63; VI: 78–79; bone/joint cancer association, II: 204–205; VII: 106 III: 303; IV: 289 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 519, 522; II: 153, brain distribution, I: 160–161 223–224, 227, 228; IV: 338; V: 328; VI: brain tumors association, II: 229, 230; III: 284 357, 358; IV: 351; VII: 114–116 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 343–344, breast cancer association, II: 215–217; III: 345–346; IV: 157, 159, 336–337; V: 327, 329; IV: 316–317; V: 65–66, 306; 326–327; VII: 404–406 VII: 109–10 See also Genitourinary cancers carcinogenesis promoter capability, I: 116, Testimony, I: 739–756; II: 343–348; III: 142–143, 434, 439 533–536 Read the entire page →
From page 856... ... 856 INDEX carcinogenicity, I: 28–29, 116–118, environmental exposure assessment, 138–146, 439, 451; II: 3, 39–40, 65–68, I: 262–263, 267–270; II: 140–149, 175, 176; III: 265, 394, 396, 430–431; 179–180, 184, 186, 190, 193, 200–201, IV: 60–66, 270, 279; V: 61–63, 75–76; 221, 222, 234, 236, 243; III: 156–157, VI: 76–78; VII: 101–105 232–233, 234, 235–236, 297–298, cardiovascular toxicity, I: 171; II: 76; III: 303; IV: 114–116, 147–150, 254, 269, 74–75; V: 58, 70; VII: 91, 111–113 274–275, 278, 293, 296, 336, 347, 351, cell proliferation capability of, I: 145; II: 3, 357, 379; VI: 177–182, 186–191 67; IV: 60 environmental persistence, I: 288 cellular effects of, V: 4, 56–57 enzyme induction of, II: 3, 66–67 chemical properties, I: 28, 114, 127 estrogen-mediation of carcinogenesis, I: chemical signiﬁcant interactions, II: 64–65; 144–145 III: 69–71 excretion, I: 132–133 chemical structure, I: 125–126; II: 38 exposure assessment issues, II: 4–5, chloracne and, I: 4, 10, 28, 172–173, 262; 104–106; III: 140–142, 144, 157–158, II: 3, 5, 6, 317–321; III: 479–480; IV: 159–161; IV: 122–127, 132; VI: 4–5, 135, 464; V: 56 15, 167–169, 186–191 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy exposure sources, I: 127 association, V: 465–469 fatty acid biosynthesis and, I: 168–169 circulatory disorders and, I: 701–708; II: female reproductive system/breast cancers 336–337; III: 514, 515–516, 518; IV: and, I: 512; II: 211–213; III: 331, 332; 506–507; V: 503 IV: 315, 316, 322; V: 309 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, II: free radicals, II: 59; III: 64–65 308; V: 449–452 fetotoxicity, VII: 113–114, 117 concerns about, I: 1, 2, 23–24, 28–32, gastrointestinal toxicity, I: 169–170, 35–36; II: 2, 17, 18, 19, 26–27; III: 3–5, 447–452, 690–692; II: 177–181; III: 12, 13, 14 268–272, 511; IV: 251–254, 499–501; corticosteroids and, I: 168, 171–172 VII: 95–96 craniofacial development, VII: 116 gastrointestinal ulcers and, II: 334–335; III: cytochrome P4501A2 and, I: 130, 144–145, 510; V: 501; VI: 72 170, 709; IV: 274, 386 gene modulation, VI: 61–65; VII: 69–83 dermal toxicity, II: 76; III: 73–74; V: 56–57 genotoxicity, I: 118, 143–144; II: 3; V: developmental toxicity, I: 123–124, 149, 48–51; VII: 111–113 156–157, 159–160, 185; II: 3, 41–42, growth factor and, II: 59; VII: 104 71, 72–73; III: 92–105; V: 67–69, half-life, I: 129, 260–261; II: 104–105; III: 72–73; VI: 83–87; VII: 111–117 157–158; IV: 24, 27; V: 44–47; VI: 52; diabetes mellitus and, I: 683; II: 330–331; VII: 66–68 III: 494, 495, 500–501, 502; IV: 483, hepatic enzyme disorders and, I: 155–156, 489; V: 492 685–688, 691–692 dietary signiﬁcant interactions, II: 64 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 457; II: dioxin categorization, I: 23n, 125 181–187; III: 283–285; V: 263 disease outcomes, V: 69–76 hepatotoxicity, II: 3, 73–75; III: 76–79; V: DNA binding capability and transcription 58–60, 71; VII: 93–95 activation and, II: 56–57; III: 58–61 herbicide contaminant capacity, I: 2, 3, 27, dose-response relationships, I: 111–114, 91–92, 114, 126–127; II: 2, 3, 26; III: 1, 122, 128–129, 130, 137–138, 445, 673, 3, 5, 6, 140–142 696; II: 318 hexachlorophene manufacture and, I: 40; embryological effects, VII: 111 IV: 134–135, 138, 148 endocrine effects, III: 83–84; V: 66–67, H4IIE-luc cells and, III: 107 73–74; VI: 82–83; VII: 110 Hodgkin's lymphoma and, II: 5, 6, 235, endometriosis and, V: 508–509 236; III: 372–373; IV: 366 Read the entire page →
From page 857... ... INDEX 857 hypoglycemia and, I: 166–168 occupational exposure, I: 36–39, 262–267, immune modulation and, I: 694–696; II: 269–270, 303; II: 108–109, 113–140, 328–329; III: 488, 489, 490, 491; IV: 26 178–179, 190, 191–200, 219–220, 222, immunotoxicity, I: 119–122, 146–151, 338, 232–234, 237–238; III: 153, 154, 155, 477; II: 3, 40–41, 68–71; III: 85–92; IV: 219, 220, 221–222, 223, 224, 284–285, 478–480; V: 61, 74–75; VI: 73–76; VII: 293, 296–297, 303; IV: 111–114, 98–100 134–147, 187–190, 195–196, 251, 257, infertility association, II: 282 259–260, 262, 265, 268, 271, 277, 280, inﬂammatory responses and, I: 148; VII: 101 282, 284, 289, 290, 292, 306, 312, 318, interactions, signiﬁcant, III: 69–71 341, 343, 346, 348, 353, 359, 374; V: 6; intracellular communication of, II: 3, 67–68 VI: 169–177; VII: 221–232 latency issues, II: 13–14, 269, 270, 272; III: opioid antagonist capacity, I: 164 420, 421, 423, 424, 425, 426, 429, 431 oral administration, I: 128 lethality, III: 71–73; V: 69–70; VI: 67; VII: perinatal death association, II: 285–286 88–89 peripheral neuropathy and, II: 310–311, leukemia association, II: 246; III: 386–388, 314; III: 470–471; IV: 184 390; IV: 379, 426 pharmacokinetics, I: 127–133, 160, lipid abnormalities and, I: 688–690; II: 259–261, 284 333–334; III: 505, 506, 507 porphyria cutanea tarda and, II: 5, 6, liver toxicity, I: 115–116, 124, 138–139, 321–323; III: 481–482; IV: 466–468; V: 142, 143, 151–156, 165–166; II: 42, 59 331–333; III: 509; IV: 27, 268, 269, 499 postnatal steroidogenesis, VII: 113–114 lung cancer and, III: 297–298, 299, 421, potential health risk estimating, II: 63–65; 423; IV: 282–283; V: 277 III: 105–108 mammary gland effects, VI: 81; VII: production of, I: 28, 114 109–110 prostate cancer association, II: 220–223, mechanism of action, animal studies, II: 3, 273, 274, 275; III: 336–337, 425, 426; 54–65; III: 54–58, 62–63, 67–69; IV: IV: 327–328, 329–331; V: 63–64; VI: 28–30; V: 4 79; VII: 107 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 65–77; IV: protein kinases and, II: 60–62; III: 65–67 67–76, 426; V: 47–69; VII: 101–105 protein modulation, V: 48–51; VI: 61–65 metabolism, I: 115–116, 131–133, 155; VII: pulmonary toxicity, V: 58, 71; VII: 92–93 66–68 Qsar model approach, III: 106 mitogenic stimulation, VII: 104–105 Ranch Hand study, II: 109; III: 50, multiple myeloma association, II: 237–238, 146–147; IV: 18 243, 244; III: 378–380, 383; IV: relevance to human health, VI: 93–94 372–373 renal cancer association, II: 225; III: 353; myelogenous leukemia and, VI: 15–16 IV: 346–347 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 460; renal toxicity, II: 77; III: 75–76 IV: 274–275 reproductive toxicity, I: 123–124, 156–159, neurobehavioral effects, VII: 114–116 368, 371–372, 597, 599, 605; II: 3, neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 649–650, 41–42, 71–72; III: 92–105, 446, 449; 651–652, 656, 657–658; II: 308 IV: 398–438 passim; V: 64–65, 72–73; neurotoxicity, I: 160–166, 642; II: 3, 75; III: VI: 78–81; VII: 106–110 84–85, 469, 470–471; IV: 31; V: 71–72; respiratory cancers and, II: 13–14, 189–203, VI: 72–73; VII: 96–98 269, 270, 272; IV: 282–283; VI: 12 non-Ah-mediated toxicity, I: 138 respiratory disorders and, I: 170, 472, 709– non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 8, 9, 710, 712–714; III: 484; IV: 471–474 528–529, 574; II: 5, 6, 231–234; III: sensitivity interspecies and interindividual 364, 429; IV: 357 differences, II: 63–64; III: 108 Read the entire page →
From page 858... ... , V: 511 III: 4–5, 48; IV: 41–46; V: 41–42; VII: Times Beach, Missouri, I: 40–42, 268, 368– 63–64 370, 693–694; II: 113, 144, 184; III: toxicokinetics, human studies, V: 43–44; 200–201, 234, 283; IV: 115–116, 133, VII: 64–66 148; V: 116, 171–172, 227; VI: 120, uterine effects, VI: 80–81; VII: 108–109 132, 179; VII: 170, 234–235, 756–757 Vietnam amount used, I: 27, 106; II: 26; IV: Tissue distribution, TCDD, I: 129–131, 259 122 TNF. See Tumor necrosis factor Vietnam military exposure, I: 17, 26, Tobacco exposure and use, I: 11, 223, 442, 461, 149–161; II: 21, 22, 181, 185, 187, 190, 463; II: 190–191, 197; III: 299, 377; 201–202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 211, 212, V: 328 226, 276, 308; III: 146, 147, 237, 239, perinatal mortality and, I: 619–620 240, 430–431; IV: 150–160; V: 231–232 respiratory cancer and latency, II: 268; III: Vietnam veterans' compensation, II: 28–29; 418 III: 26–27 Tollerud, David, III: 25 Vietnamese civilians exposure, II: 108–109, Tongue cancer, VII: 279–281 148; III: 156–157; IV: 116–117, Tonsil cancer, VII: 281–283 148–149 Tooth development effects, VI: 68–69 wasting syndrome, I: 160–161, 162–166; II: Topography, I: 25 76–77; III: 80–83; IV: 25, 31, 57; V: 56; Tordon 75D®, V: 36 VI: 67; VII: 88–89 Tordon 101® See also Herbicides; Serum levels, TCDD; , IV: 117–118 TCDD biologic plausibility See also 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) Read the entire page →
From page 859... ... , I: 28; II: 319; III: health risk estimation, III: 105–108 152, 153, 219, 220, 223, 515; IV: 16, liver, VI: 70–72 134, 136, 138, 186, 251, 268, 292, 500; picloram proﬁle update, II: 51; III: 50; IV: V: 104 40–41; V: 79; VI: 43, 90 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) , pulmonary, VI: 70 II: 4, 18; III: 5, 19, 218, 219, 220, 223, TCDD proﬁle update, II: 51–77; III: 224, 226, 234; IV: 2, 22, 110, 251, 268, 50–108; IV: 41–81; V: 79–81; VI: 292, 474, 478, 479; V: 1, 3, 12; VI: 1, 3, 44–87, 90–93 11, 20, 118–119, 201, 276, 436; VII: 31 Toxicokinetics, III: 32–36; VI: 34–36 acute toxicity, I: 184 2,4-D, II: 46–47; III: 32–33, 43–44; IV: 24, Agent Orange and, I: 27; II: 26 33; VII: 49–50, 58, 62–66 animal studies, I: 181–185; II: 49–50; III: 2,4,5-T, II: 49; III: 47; IV: 24, 37 47–48, 396, 462; IV: 34, 426, 434–435, cacodylic acid, II: 50; III: 32–33, 48; IV: 458, 459, 512, 517 24, 38–39; VI: 41 birth defects and, II: 287; III: 462; IV: 404, deﬁnition, II: 35 405n; V: 394 literature update, II: 36; III: 36–37 calcium homeostasis and, II: 4 picloram, IV: 24 carcinogenicity, I: 37, 118, 119, 182–184; previous reports summary, II: 38–39 II: 40; III: 396; IV: 387 TCDD, II: 53–54; III: 33, 53, 161; IV: chemical properties, I: 114, 182; II: 38; III: 23–24, 27–28, 41–46, 85–86; VI: 44–55 32 Toxicology, VI: 4–7, 24–25, 33–117; VII: 5–6, chemical structure, I: 111, 114 47–138 chloracne and, I: 36; IV: 135, 500 2,4-D proﬁle update, II: 46–49; III: 43–47 chronic exposure, I: 184 2,4,5-T proﬁle update, II: 49–50; III: 47–48 circulatory disorders and, I: 700–701 cacodylic acid proﬁle update, II: 50–51; III: development of, I: 24, 26, 35, 181; III: 135, 48–50 136, 137, 138, 140 disease outcomes, II: 37, 48–49, 50–51, developmental toxicity, I: 185; II: 42, 65–77; III: 33–35, 38–43, 44–47, 48, 49–50; VII: 57–58 50, 71–105 disease outcomes, III: 48 earlier reports summary, II: 37–42; III: 36; domestic use, I: 181 VI: 34 environmental exposure events, I: 42–43 evaluation issues, III: 108–110 genotoxicity, I: 119, 184 Read the entire page →
From page 860... ... , herbicide exposure assessment, III: 151; IV: V: 39 139 TSH. See Thyroid-stimulating hormone Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, Tuberculosis, I: 711 IV: 445 See also Respiratory disorders See also Scotland; Yorkshire, England Tumor invasion, VII: 105 United Nations, I: 45 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Read the entire page →
From page 861... ... ; Vietnam casualties, I: 83 Operation Ranch Hand women veterans mortality studies, II: US Army, I: 81, 280, 281, 702; II: 140, 185; IV: 152–153 121–122, 126 US Special Forces, I: 286; II: 103–104; III: 138 Army Chemical Corps Vietnam Veterans USDA. See Department of Agriculture, US Health Study proposal, II: 24 USSR, I: 317; III: 224; VII: 156 Army I Corps, IV: 157 See also Russia Environmental Support Group (ESG) Read the entire page →
From page 862... ... 27–28; III: 25 Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Department of Veterans Affairs Task Force, Herbicides Used in Vietnam (VAO) , II: II: 4–26; III: 24–25 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 35, 45, 63, 65, 71, diabetes mellitus studies summary, II: 330; 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, III: 496–497; IV: 482, 487, 488, 490, 107, 112, 132, 176, 179, 180, 181, 187, 492; V: 486; VII: 623 190, 196, 207, 209, 210, 214, 218, 225, endocrine cancers, VII: 434 228, 232, 236, 237, 246, 247, 249, 250, endometriosis, VII: 676 266, 271, 278, 279, 286, 293, 296, 300, eye cancer, VII: 421 305, 312, 323, 328, 357; III: 1, 2, 3, 5, federal government response to concerns 12, 32, 43, 85, 124, 125, 126, 132, 150, over military use of herbicides in 157, 169, 220, 221, 223, 286, 303, 311, Vietnam, II: 27–32; III: 25–30 320, 359, 389, 390, 416, 434, 435, 519, female reproductive cancers studies 522; IV: 5, 156–159; V: 1–2, 12–14, summary, II: 211–212; III: 330–331, 16–18, 20–21, 104; VI: 2–3, 11, 20, 332, 333; IV: 321, 324–325; VII: 33–34, 119, 121–124, 126, 129, 133, 383–384 135; VII: 2, 48, 146–150 gastrointestinal tract tumors studies acute myelogenous leukemia, VII: 491–493 summary, II: 177–178; III: 268, background, II: 17–19; III: 17–23; IV: 15, 274–281; IV: 251, 256; V: 244–245 103–104, 110, 132, 137, 249, 268, 351 gastrointestinal ulcers studies summary, basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies II: 334; III: 510; IV: 500; V: 500; VII: summary, III: 317–318, 321, 323; 641–642 IV: 308, 312–313; V: 295–296; VII: health outcomes conclusions, II: 19–23; III: 366–369 19–20; IV: 11, 18–19, 20, 21, 384, 385, birth defects studies summary, III: 436–439; 414, 465, 467, 471, 513, 514; V: 6–9; IV: 400–401, 404, 435; V: 394; VII: VI: 13–18; VII: 19–20 535–536 hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, III: bladder cancer studies summary, II: 282–283, 287–288; IV: 268, 269; V: 225–226; III: 347–348, 350–351; IV: 259–260 340, 343–345; V: 329; VII: 408 herbicide environmental exposure studies, bone/joint cancer studies summary, II: 204; II: 142–143, 144, 145–146; III: III: 302, 305; IV: 288, 290–291; V: 279; 197–202, 203–205, 275, 277, 279, 281, VII: 392 283, 288, 291, 301, 316, 323, 328, 336, brain tumor studies summary, II: 229; III: 342, 345, 350–351, 354, 369, 382, 392, 356–357, 360, 361; IV: 351, 353–355; 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 479, 520; IV: V: 339; VII: 425 147–149, 261, 264, 266–267, 271–272, breast cancer studies summary, III: 276, 286, 291 324–326, 328; IV: 314–315, 319–320; V: 301; VII: 372–373 Read the entire page →
From page 863... ... INDEX 863 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies 114, 115–116, 117–118, 119–120, 121– summary, III: 290, 291; IV: 274; V: 265, 126; III: 170–174, 176–178, 180–182, 274; VII: 267–268 183–185, 188–196, 274–275, 276–277, neuroblastoma, V: 426 278–279, 280, 282–283, 286, 291, 294, next edition of, VI: 94 300–301, 305, 310, 312, 316, 317, 321, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, 323, 324–326, 328, 332, 333, 335–336, II: 231–232; III: 362–363, 367–369, 345, 350, 354, 360, 367–369, 374–376, 370–371; IV: 356, 360–363; V: 344; 381–382, 391–392, 454, 455, 456, VII: 444 459, 496, 520; IV: 137, 139, 140–142, parkinsonism, VII: 571–572 144–146, 257–261, 263, 265–266, 271, perinatal death studies summary, II: 285; 276, 280, 285, 290 III: 451, 454, 455, 456; IV: 412; VII: Hodgkin's disease studies summary, II: 235; 530 III: 372, 374–375, 376; IV: 365, 368; V: peripheral neuropathy studies summary, III: 356; VII: 458 470–471, 473; IV: 454; VII: 586–589 immune system disorders, studies summary, porphyria cutanea tarda studies summary, II: 327; III: 488–489; IV: 477; V: 484; II: 321–322; III: 481–482; IV: 467; V: VII: 618 479; VII: 603 impact of report, II: 24–26; III: 23–25 prostate cancer studies summary, III: infertility studies summary, II: 280; III: 335–336, 341, 342; IV: 327, 333–335; 445–446, 450; IV: 406, 409; VII: 518 V: 317–318; VII: 389–398 laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, renal cancer studies summary, II: 224; III: 294; IV: 277, 280; V: 268–269; VII: 326 352–353, 354, 355; IV: 346, 349–350; legislation on Agent Orange, II: 28–29; III: VII: 415 26–27 research recommendations, II: 23–24; III: leukemia studies summary, II: 245; III: 23; IV: 21 385–386, 391–392; IV: 378–379, 381, respiratory disorders studies summary, II: 383; V: 368; VII: 476 324–325; III: 483; IV: 471; V: 481; VII: lipid abnormalities studies summary, II: 605 333; III: 504, 520, 521; IV: 483; VII: sex ratios of offspring, IV: 429–430; V: 433 633 skin cancer studies summary, III: 312; IV: liver toxicity studies summary, II: 332; III: 299–314; VII: 355–356, 366–369 510; IV: 500; VII: 641–642 soft-tissue sarcomas studies summary, low birthweight studies summary, III: II: 205–206; III: 306–308; IV: 292, 456–457, 459; IV: 399, 400, 412; V: 297–299; V: 283; VII: 347 423; VII: 532 spontaneous abortion studies summary, II: lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 283; IV: 410; V: 410; VII: 525–526 300–301; IV: 281, 285–286; V: 273; summary of, II: 37–42 VII: 331 testicular cancer, VII: 402 melanoma studies summary, III: 313–314, toxicology, overview, III: 36; IV: 22, 38, 41; 316, 317; IV: 302, 306; V: 290; VII: V: 30–31; VI: 33 355–356 Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicides/Dioxin metabolic and digestive disorders, studies Exposure and Acute Myelogenous summary, II: 330, 332, 333, 334; IV: Leukemia in the Children of Vietnam 500; VII: 641–642 Veterans, V: 2, 13, 14, 16–17, 21; VI: 2, motor/coordination dysfunction studies 12, 16; VII: 19–20 summary, II: 309; III: 469–470; IV: Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicides/Dioxin 443–444 Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes, IV: multiple myeloma studies summary, III: 1, 10–11, 16, 104; V: 2, 12–13, 16, 377–378, 381–382; IV: 372, 375–376; 486–487; VI: 2, 12, 15, 135; VII: 19–20 V: 362; VII: 466 Read the entire page →
From page 864... ... 864 INDEX Veterans and Agent Orange: Length of gastrointestinal ulcers studies summary, III: Presumptive Period for Association 510; IV: 500; V: 500 Between Exposure and Respiratory health outcomes conclusions, III: 19–20; Cancer, VI: 12, 27, 135; VII: 19–20 VI: 13–18; VII: 19–20 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996, III: hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, III: 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 32, 37, 43, 44, 50, 85, 282–283, 287–288; IV: 267–272; V: 106, 109, 125, 126, 132, 150, 157, 159, 259–260 169, 220, 221, 222, 223, 266, 286, 295, herbicide environmental exposure studies, 298, 303, 309, 311, 319, 320, 339, 349, III: 197, 201, 203, 275, 277, 279, 283, 359, 389, 390, 416, 417–418, 424, 426, 288, 323, 328, 336, 342, 345, 354, 369, 428, 434, 435, 444, 458, 519, 522, 533; 375, 382, 392; IV: 147, 149 IV: 1; V: 2, 12–14, 16–18; VI: 2, 11, herbicide occupational exposure studies, 33–34, 121–129, 133, 135; VII: 2 III: 170, 172, 174, 175–176, 179, 183, background, III: 17–23; IV: 15–21, 110, 186–187, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282–283, 132, 137, 247, 251 286, 291, 294, 300, 305, 316, 317, 321, basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies 324–326, 328, 332, 333, 335–336, 345, summary, III: 317–318, 321, 323; IV: 350, 354, 360, 367, 374, 381, 391, 496; 308–314; V: 295–296 IV: 135–137, 140–142, 144 birth defects studies summary, III: 436–439; Hodgkin's disease studies summary, III: IV: 400–401, 435; V: 394 373, 374, 375, 376; IV: 364–371; V: 356 bladder cancer studies summary, III: impact of report, III: 23–25 347–348, 350; IV: 330–345; V: 329 infertility studies summary, III: 445–446; bone/joint cancer studies summary, III: 302, IV: 406–408 305; IV: 287–291; V: 279 laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, brain tumor studies summary, III: 356–357, 294; IV: 277–281; V: 268–269 360, 361; IV: 350–355; V: 339 legislation on Agent Orange, III: 26–27 breast cancer studies summary, III: leukemia studies summary, III: 385–386, 324–326, 327, 328; IV: 314–320; V: 301 391, 392; IV: 377–383; V: 368 childhood cancers, IV: 418 lipid abnormalities studies summary, III: chloracne studies summary, III: 479–480; 504; IV: 493 IV: 465; V: 478 liver disorders studies summary, III: 510; circulatory disorders studies summary, III: IV: 500 514; IV: 506; V: 503 low birthweight studies summary, III: cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders studies 456–457; IV: 412; V: 423 summary, III: 468–469; IV: 441–442; V: lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 298, 448–449 300; IV: 281–287; V: 273 congressional hearings on Agent Orange, melanoma studies summary, III: 313–314, III: 25 316, 317; IV: 302–308; V: 290 Department of Veterans Affairs Task Force, motor/coordination dysfunction studies III: 24–25 summary, III: 469–470; IV: 444 diabetes mellitus studies summary, III: 496; multiple myeloma studies summary, III: IV: 482–483, 490; V: 486 377–378, 381, 382; IV: 371–377; V: 362 federal government response to concerns nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies over military use of herbicides in summary, III: 290, 291; IV: 273–276; V: Vietnam, III: 25–30 265 female reproductive system cancers studies non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, summary, III: 330–331, 332, 333; IV: III: 362–363, 367, 369, 370; IV: 321–326; V: 310 355–364; V: 344 gastrointestinal tract tumors studies pancreatic cancer, IV: 264–267 summary, III: 268, 274–281; IV: perinatal death studies summary, III: 451; 257–264; V: 244–245 IV: 412 Read the entire page →
From page 865... ... INDEX 865 peripheral neuropathy studies summary, III: hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, IV: 470–471, 473; IV: 18 267–272; V: 259–260 porphyria cutanea tarda studies summary, Hodgkin's disease studies summary, IV: III: 481–482; IV: 467; V: 479 364–371; V: 356 prostate cancer studies summary, III: infertility studies summary, IV: 406–408 335–336, 341, 342; IV: 326–335; V: laryngeal cancer studies summary, IV: 317–318 277–281; V: 268–269 renal cancers studies summary, III: leukemia studies summary, IV: 377–383; V: 352–353, 354, 355; IV: 345–350 368 research recommendations, III: 23 low birthweight studies summary, IV: 412; respiratory disorders studies summary, III: V: 423 483; IV: 471–472; V: 481 lung cancer studies summary, IV: 281–287; sex ratios of offspring, IV: 429–430; V: 433 V: 273 skin cancer, IV: 299–301 melanoma studies summary, IV: 302–308; soft-tissue sarcoma studies summary, III: V: 290 306–308; IV: 291–299; V: 283 mortality in, IV: 254 testicular cancer studies summary, III: multiple myeloma studies summary, IV: 343–344, 345; IV: 335–339; V: 325 371–377; V: 362 toxicology, overview, III: 36; IV: 22; V: nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies 30–31; VI: 33 summary, IV: 273–276; V: 265 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1998, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, V: 2, 12–14, 16–18; VI: 2, 11, 33–34, IV: 355–364; V: 344 121–129, 133, 135; VII: 2 occupational exposure, IV: 135–137, Australian Veterans, IV: 159 139–142, 144 background of, IV: 1, 3, 8–10, 110, 132, Operation Ranch Hand, IV: 150, 152 247, 251, 399–400 pancreatic cancer, IV: 264–267 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies prostate cancer studies summary, IV: summary, IV: 308–314; V: 295–296 326–335; V: 317–318 birth defects studies summary, IV: 400–401, quantitative structure-activity relationship 435; V: 394 (QSAR) models, V: 27 bladder cancer studies summary, IV: renal cancers studies summary, IV: 345–350 330–345; V: 329 sex ratios of offspring, IV: 429–430; V: 433 bone/joint cancer studies summary, IV: skin cancer, IV: 299–301 287–291; V: 279 soft-tissue sarcoma studies summary, IV: brain tumor studies summary, IV: 350–355; 291–299; V: 283 V: 339 spontaneous abortion, IV: 408–412; V: 410 breast cancer studies summary, IV: testicular cancer studies summary, IV: 314–320; V: 301 335–339; V: 325 childhood cancers, IV: 418, 426 toxicology overview, IV: 22; V: 30–31; VI: cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders studies 33 summary, V: 448–449 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000, V: Department of Veterans Affairs and, IV: 2, 12–18, 21, 103; VI: 2, 11, 21, 33–34, 157–158 58, 121–126, 129; VII: 2 environmental exposure, IV: 148–149 amyloidoisis, VII: 473 epidemiology, IV: 257 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies female reproductive system cancers studies summary, IV: 308–314; V: 295–296 summary, IV: 321–326; V: 310 birth defects studies summary, V: 394 gastrointestinal tract tumors studies bladder cancer studies summary, V: 329 summary, IV: 257–264; V: 244–245 bone/joint cancer studies summary, V: 279 health outcomes conclusions; VI: 13–18; brain tumor studies summary, V: 339 VII: 19–20 Read the entire page →
From page 866... ... See Public Law 104-262 lung cancer studies summary, V: 273 Veterans' Health Programs Extension and mechanisms of toxic action, V: 33–34 Improvement Act of 1979, III: 240 melanoma studies summary, V: 290 Veterans' service organizations, VI: 20 mitochondrial function, V: 33–34 Vibrotactile abnormalities, V: 466, 468 multiple myeloma studies summary, V: 362 Vietnam, III: 533; VI: 134, 181–182; VII: nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies 170–171, 172–186 summary, V: 265 herbicide latency issues, methodology, II: neuroblastoma, V: 426 13; III: 12–14 neurotoxicity, V: 35 herbicide targeting in, I: 99–106; IV: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, 116–117 V: 344 herbicide use in, concerns about, I: 29–32, parkinsonism, V: 453, 460 45; II: 1, 2, 4, 11, 17, 18, 26; III: 1, 2, 5, prostate cancer studies summary, IV: 12, 13, 17, 18, 25; V: 3, 30–31, 229–232 326–335; V: 317–318 research in, I: 30–31 reproductive toxicity, V: 35–36 troop movements in, I: 52–53, 96, 287 respiratory disorders studies summary, V: US casualties in, I: 82–83 481 US involvement, I: 75–76, 84 sex ratios of offspring, V: 433 US military herbicide use in, I: 1, 3, 24, soft-tissue sarcoma studies summary, V: 283 27, 84–85, 89–93, 94–96, 98–107, 286; testicular cancer studies summary, V: 325 II: 17, 18, 26, 27–32; III: 135–142; V: thyroid hormones, V: 34 116–117; VI: 120 toxicology overview, V: 30–31 See also Ca Mau peninsula; Con Thieu Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2002, VI: province, Vietnam; Hanoi, Vietnam; Ho 2, 5–7, 11, 33–37, 43, 51, 55, 58–60, Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Khe Sanh 66–73, 83–84, 88–92, 118, 121–126, Thonh Son Lam area; Mekong Delta; 129–130, 135; VII: 2, 580–581 Rung Sat Special Zone; Vietnamese health outcomes conclusions, VI: 11–18; Vietnam Experience Study (VES) , III: 26, 240, VII: 19–20, 487, 580–581 512; VI: 139, 186; VII: 651 toxicology overviews, VI: 33, 37 birth defects in offspring, II: 288, 289, 290; III: 436, 438, 439, 445 Read the entire page →
From page 867... ... INDEX 867 cancer mortality in, I: 444–445 autoimmune disease in, I: 698, 699 childhood cancer in, I: 629; II: 300 basal/squamous cell skin cancer in, III: 323; chloracne in, I: 677 IV: 309–310; V: 298, 300; VI: 265; VII: circulatory disorders in, I: 702 369–370 exposure assessment use, II: 101; III: 146 birth defects in children of, I: 609–615, hepatobiliary cancers, II: 185; III: 283 618; II: 288–296, 298, 300; III: 435, Hodgkin's disease in, I: 556 436, 437–438; IV: 7, 402; V: 402–403; immune system disorders in, I: 696 VI: 365; VII: 539–541, 543 infertility in, II: 280 bladder cancer in, I: 517; II: 223–224; III: liver cancer in, I: 455 349, 351; IV: 7, 342; V: 332, 333; VI: low birthweight outcomes in, I: 626 292; VII: 411–413 lung cancer in, I: 469 bone/joint cancer in, I: 473, 474–475; II: methodology, I: 57–58, 281, 284, 389–391 204; III: 303, 305; IV: 7, 289; V: 281; multiple myeloma, II: 244 VI: 245; VII: 344–345 neonatal death in, I: 622 brain tumors in, I: 522, 523, 525; III: neurologic/neuropsychiatric outcomes in, I: 358–359, 361; IV: 7, 352; V: 342, 343; 656 VI: 302; VII: 429–432 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 542–543 breast cancer in, II: 213, 217, 218; III: 326, origins, I: 50 328, 329; IV: 7, 316; V: 304, 309; VI: reproductive outcomes in, I: 601, 609, 270; VII: 376–377, 379 610–611, 626, 632 cancer expected incidence, I: 439–440, respiratory cancer in, II: 201 442, 446, 452, 461, 501, 505, 513, 522, respiratory disorders in, I: 710–711 526, 564; II: 176–177; III: 266–267, spina biﬁda in offspring, II: 9; IV: 8 430–431; IV: 249–250 Vietnam herbicides used by military, II: 26–27; cancer in children of, I: 629, 630–631; II: VI: 182–186 299; IV: 7, 420–422; V: 430–431; VII: Vietnam Veteran Agent Orange Health Study, 550–552 I: 741 cancer mortality, I: 444–445 Vietnam veterans, I: 1; II: 2; V: 20–21; VI: 2, 5, cancer studies, I: 391–393, 401, 402–403, 10, 491–493; VII: 148–149, 763–777 405, 436–438; II: 176–177; III: acute and subacute transient peripheral 266–267, 430–431; VII: 149 neuropathy, II: 313; III: 473; IV: 6, 459 cancers of the digestive organs, VII: 286 acute myelogenous leukemia, VII: 493–494 cancers of the eye and orbit, VII: 422–423 advocacy groups, I: 60–61 cardiovascular ﬁndings, VII: 148 Air Force research activities, II: 31–32; chloracne in, I: 677–679; II: 317, 318, 321; III: 28–29; IV: 13, 42–43, 150–156, III: 479–480; IV: 6, 135, 485; V: 479; 160–161 VI: 438 altered sperm parameters in, I: 632, 634; chronic lymphocytic leukemia, VII: 489 III: 445, 446, 450; IV: 7 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy in, amyloidosis, IV: 7; V: 507; VI: 473 II: 311; IV: 7, 456 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, VI: 422 circulatory disorders in, I: 702–705; II: 336; Australian, I: 61, 91, 406, 418, 444, 470, III: 516–518; IV: 7, 508–509; VI: 471; 496–497, 546, 614–615, 633, 702, VII: 646–654, 666–669 710; II: 113, 149, 160, 202, 293; III: class action suit, I: 34–35 9, 216–217, 218, 237, 244–245, 273, cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders in, II: 285–286, 290, 294, 295, 298, 299, 303, 318; III: 469; IV: 7, 443; V: 449–451 310, 311, 314, 315, 327, 329, 339, 340, colon cancer in, V: 252; VII: 303–304 343, 346, 349, 353, 355, 359, 365, 380, colorectal cancer, VII: 309 389, 413, 424, 425, 469, 486, 489, 500, compensation for, I: 34–35, 47, 50–51, 506, 512–513, 517; IV: 9, 10, 159–160, 55–56; II: 28–29, 30–31; III: 26–27, 28 322–333, 402, 421–422; VI: 141; VII: congressional responses to concerns of, I: 775–777 46–52; II: 27–29; III: 25–28 Read the entire page →
From page 868... ... 868 INDEX deﬁning, I: 78 255, 269, 275, 278, 283, 294–295, demographics, I: 79, 80–84 303–304, 309–310, 316, 322–323, 329, developmental toxicity, II: 72 336–337, 342, 347, 357–358, 366–367, diabetes mellitus in, I: 684, 685, 698; II: 373, 380, 402, 411, 420–422, 474, 330; III: 495, 497, 498, 500, 502; IV: 485–487, 494, 502–504, 508–509; V: 6, 485–487; V: 489–490, 491; VI: 177–193; VI: 132–133, 551–568; VII: 450–455; VII: 148–149, 626–630 240–247 disabilities discharges, I: 32 esophageal cancer, VII: 290 disease increased risk for, I: 14–15, 221, exposure assessment, I: 234–235; VI: 225–226, 247–248, 578; II: 14, 22–23, 17–18, 186–191 88, 89, 91, 218, 223, 251, 276, 298, federal government activities/research on 300–301, 314, 321, 323; III: 14–15, military use of herbicides, II: 27–32; III: 22–23, 124, 127–128, 329, 334, 343, 25–30 397, 430–431, 444, 462, 475–476, 491, female reproductive system cancers in, I: 503, 507–508, 525; IV: 12, 256, 270, 505, 511–512, 577; II: 211, 212; III: 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305–306, 311, 333; IV: 7, 322–323; V: 311, 312, 313, 318, 323–324, 332, 338, 343, 348, 353, 314–315; VI: 275 359, 367, 374, 381, 403, 407, 411–412, gastrointestinal disorders in, I: 691, 692; III: 413, 417, 426, 466, 468, 475, 489, 495, 512–513; IV: 502–504; V: 502; VI: 466 505, 510, 513; V: 246, 264, 268, 272, gastrointestinal tract cancers in, I: 446; II: 278, 282, 287, 295, 300, 309, 316, 324, 177, 180–181; IV: 7, 255; V: 245–246; 328, 333, 338, 343, 355, 361, 366, 372, VI: 220 376, 405, 409, 420–421, 422, 425, 432, genitourinary tract cancers in, I: 513, 518, 441, 472, 479, 480, 483, 485, 492, 498, 522; II: 223–224; III: 272–273, 275, 502, 506, 510, 518–519; VI: 221, 226, 277–278, 279, 281; IV: 7, 342 230, 234, 241, 245, 251, 261, 265, 270, health care of, II: 28, 29; III: 26, 27 275, 283, 284, 292, 296, 302, 312, 319, health concerns of, I: 1, 32–34, 46–47; II: 325, 333, 337, 341, 365, 372, 378, 379, 17–24, 26–27; III: 17–30 383, 398, 410, 420, 422, 429, 430–431, hepatic enzyme disorders in, I: 687 438, 440, 443, 448, 456, 463, 466, 471, hepatobiliary cancers in, I: 455, 457; II: 473, 478, 481 181, 185, 187; III: 283, 285–286, distribution by branch of service, I: 81 288; IV: 7, 269; V: 264; VI: 226; VII: endocrine cancers, VII: 437, 441–442 316–317 endometriosis in, VI: 478 herbicide exposure assessment issues, II: Environmental Protection Agency research 4–5, 14, 17–24, 26–27; III: 2, 5–6, 142, activities, II: 32; III: 29–30 143, 146–150; IV: 122–127; V: 28 epidemiologic studies, I: 50, 57–59, 62–63, herbicide exposure assessment strategies 384–418; II: 3, 6–7, 28, 113, 149–161; for, I: 270–284; II: 99–109; III: 144–145 III: 26, 206–217, 236–245, 272–273, Hodgkin's disease in, I: 526, 554–556, 557; 275, 277–278, 279, 281, 283, 285–286, II: 235, 236; III: 372, 373, 376; IV: 6, 288, 290, 291, 294–295, 298, 301, 303, 366–367; V: 359–360, 361; VI: 319; 305, 309–310, 312, 316, 317, 323, 326, VII: 462–465 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, immune modulation in, I: 695–696, 699; 343–344, 345–346, 349, 351, 353, 355, III: 489, 491 358–359, 361, 363, 365, 370–371, 372, immune system disorders, VI: 448; VII: 619 373, 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, individual exposures, VI: 18 435, 436, 437–438, 445, 446, 450, 454, infertility, I: 632, 633, 634; II: 280; III: 445, 455, 456, 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 446, 450; IV: 7; VI: 372; VII: 521, 523 473, 479, 480, 481, 482, 485–486, 489, International Agency for Research on 491, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505–506, Cancer research activities, III: 30 512–513, 516–518, 521; IV: 150–160, kidney cancer in, VI: 286; VII: 418–420 Read the entire page →
From page 869... ... legislation concerning herbicide exposure ovarian cancer, VII: 388 and health of, II: 28–29; III: 26–27 pancreatic cancer in, V: 258–259; VII: leukemia in, I: 13, 564, 570, 571–572; II: 321–324 245, 246; III: 385, 386, 389, 392; IV: 7, parkinsonism in, II: 309–310; VI: 420 380; V: 371; VI: 333, 337; VII: 482–484 perinatal deaths in offspring, II: 285; III: lip cancer, VII: 278 454, 455, 456; IV: 7; VI: 379 lipid abnormalities in, I: 689, 692; II: 333; peripheral nervous system disorders in, I: III: 505–506, 521; IV: 7, 494; VI: 463; 665, 666; II: 311, 313; III: 473, 475; IV: VII: 148, 635–637 6, 7, 456; VI: 429 liver toxicity in, II: 332; III: 512–513; IV: porphyria cutanea tarda in, I: 681, 682–683; 502–504; VII: 643 II: 321–322, 323; III: 481, 482; IV: 6, 8; low birthweight outcomes for, I: 626, 628; V: 480; VI: 440 III: 457, 459; IV: 7; V: 423–424, 425; prostate cancer in, I: 513, 518, 519, 522; VI: 383; VII: 534 II: 9, 217–218, 221, 223; III: 336, 338, lung cancer in, III: 298, 301; IV: 6, 283; V: 339, 340, 342; IV: 6, 8, 10, 329; V: 278; VI: 240; VII: 336–340 321, 322; VI: 281, 283; VII: 143, 148, melanoma in, III: 316, 317; IV: 303–304; V: 393–395, 399–401 288, 289, 292, 293–294; VI: 256–259; records-based exposure assessment, I: VII: 359–363 271–280; IV: 121–126 military experiences, I: 75, 82, 272, 286, records identiﬁcation, II: 24–25 399 rectal cancer in, V: 256; VII: 307–308 mortality, VII: 149 renal cancers in, III: 352, 353, 355; IV: 7, motor/coordination dysfunction in, I: 347; VI: 296 659–660, 662; II: 309, 310; III: 469, reproductive outcomes, I: 405–406, 418, 470; IV: 7, 448 601–603, 609–615, 618, 620–622, 625; multiple myeloma in, I: 526, 562, 563; II: II: 71, 278, 300–301; III: 435, 436, 244; III: 380, 382; IV: 6, 10, 373; V: 437–438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 455, 456, 365; VI: 325; VII: 469–472 457, 459; IV: 7, 402; VI: 398 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer in, I: 459, 460; research recommendations, II: 23–25; III: II: 189; III: 290, 291; IV: 7, 275; V: 23; V: 523–525 268; VI: 229–230; VII: 272–275 respiratory cancers in, I: 469–470, 472; II: National Personnel Records Center listing, 190, 201–202, 203; IV: 6, 283 I: 17 respiratory disorders in, I: 710–712, neural tube defects in offspring, numbers, 713–714; III: 485–486; IV: 7, 474; V: II: 297; IV: 7, 18, 404–405; V: 16 483; VI: 443; VII: 610–615 neurobehavioral disorders in, II: 305, 308, risk assessment for, I: 14–15, 221, 225–226, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314; III: 467, 468; 247–248, 578; II: 14, 22–23, 89, 91, IV: 457–459; V: 472; VI: 410 251, 276, 298, 300–301, 314, 321, neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 653–656, 323, 349–357; III: 14–15, 22–23, 124, 658; II: 308; III: 469; IV: 443; VI: 127–128, 430–431; IV: 20, 105–108; V: 430–431 7, 9–10, 23; VI: 9–10, 221 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 526, serum testing, I: 20–21 541–548, 549; II: 234; III: 363, 365, skin cancer in, I: 501, 505; II: 209; III: 370–371; IV: 6, 357–358; V: 348–350, 312; IV: 7, 301; VI: 256–259, 265; VII: 354, 355; VI: 312; VII: 451–453, 456 359–363 number of, I: 3, 4, 74, 75–80 Read the entire page →
From page 870... ... , I: Vietnam Veterans of America, I: 60 641; V: 450–451 Vietnamese Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) , V: 450–451 birth defects and herbicide exposure, II: West Germany, II: 328–329; III: 223, 337, 379, 287–288; V: 394, 400 387, 483, 506, 511, 515 cancer in, II: 148; III: 283 West Virginia, I: 60, 404, 470, 496, 546, 621, epidemiologic studies, I: 599–601; II: 113, 662–663, 686, 689, 700; II: 202; III: 144–145, 148, 184, 287–288; III: 202, 243; IV: 364, 371; VII: 184 234, 283; V: 172–173 See also Nitro, West Virginia Western Europe, II: 268; III: 510 Read the entire page →
From page 871... ... See Breast cancer; Cervical cancers; World Health Organization (WHO) , II: 282; III: Demographic data, Vietnam veterans; 30, 454, 492; IV: 413, 415; V: 372, 422; Gender; Ovarian cancer; Reproductive VI: 37, 334, 379 disorders; Reproductive system cancers, TEF factors, V: 26–27 women; Uterine cancer World War II, I: 25, 32, 82; II: 150, 268; III: Women veterans, I: 79; II: 30 237, 420; VI: 135 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218; III: WRAT. Read the entire page →

From page 778...

... , and also serves as a member of EPA's Human Studies Review Board. He had previously served on the committees for Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2002 and Update 2004.

APPENDIX D Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update) and Staff Biographies Pages 778-872

APPENDIX D Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update) and Staff Biographies
Pages 778-872