Fusion of Security System Data to Improve Airport Security (2007) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
In Memoriam, Executive Summary
In Memoriam, Executive Summary
Pages 1-10
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John B Daly had a distinguished career serving our nation in a broad range of positions involving transportation security and technology.
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systems have been deployed in the 438 commercial airports that service the United States. The rapid and universal deployment of these systems has resulted in minimal coordination and interface compatibility among the different systems and system manufacturers.
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Airport security personnel currently gain situational awareness by manually combining outputs from these access-control systems. The current widespread existence of stand-alone inspection systems and the uncoordinated operation of inspection and access-control systems leave the nation's airports and transportation network more vulnerable to a variety of potentially significant attacks than they would be if these systems were integrated.
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The technical issues in data sharing are well understood and easily addressed in specific instances where data sharing is desired. Data integration expands on data sharing so that data from multiple sources are placed in a common data structure, which enables their management and processing.
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Most TSA data fusion efforts in current programs employ decision-data fusion. Recommendation 1: Before implementing a data fusion approach for a specific set of security systems, the TSA should perform a formal analysis to select the specific data fusion approach that would increase the detection rate, or that would raise throughput and/or reduce false alarms while maintaining the existing detection rate.
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A notable exception involves manufacturers of biometric-based access-control systems; these manufacturers have begun the systems engineering process of defining the necessary data standards for data integration. As noted earlier, data integration provides a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for data fusion, and the range of potential detection technologies must be considered when setting the standard data format.
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The kinematics component describes the motion of objects, such as people, within the airport and that of vehicles outside the airport; each object is described by a trajectory that includes state estimates for future locations. Facility data fusion requires kinematic descriptions of people, vehicles, and objects.
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In fact, many of the human tasks in security require vigilance that can actually be enhanced by the addition of a subsidiary task. Finding: Data fusion would enhance security system effectiveness if it were to combine inputs from security personnel with data from detection systems into a unified situational awareness system.
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