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Pages 323-340

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From page 323...
... , 76, 85 Amygdala, importance in stress response, 51–53, 57–58, 60–61, 65, 98–100 Animal studies, 18–19, 58–59, 96–97 Anticipation of deployment to a war zone, a deployment–related stressor, 36 Antisocial personality disorder, 145, 161, 284, 289, 300, 306 Anxiety disorders, 2, 7, 12, 30, 35, 51, 53, 84, 86, 88–89, 91, 100, 144–157, 193, 253, 257, 308– 309, 319. See also Generalized anxiety disorder Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)
From page 324...
... , 61–62, 138, 188–189 Brain function, 60–61 and anxiety and fear, 61 and memory and cognition, 60–61 in stress response, 60–61 Brain-gut axis and IBS, 64–65, 204 in stress response, 64–66 Brain-imaging techniques, 60 Brain's role in stress response, 50–56, 60–61 allostatic load and overload, 54–56 gastrointestinal (GI) and brain-gut axis, 64–66 hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, 53–54 importance of the amygdala, 51–53 reticular activating system, 51 Brief Life Stress Questionnaire, 224 Brief Symptom Inventory, 151 British troops.
From page 325...
... See Chronic fatigue syndrome Chalder fatigue scale, 176 CHD. See Coronary heart disease Chemical stressors, deployment-related, 39 Child Behavior Checklist, 285, 293 Childhood Physical Punishment Scale, 293 Children, psychosocial effects of parents' deployment on, 285–286, 291–293 Children's Depression Inventory, 292 Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
From page 326...
... , 117, 224, 253, 305, 317 Expanded, 146, 224 Committee on Gulf War and Health: Physiologic, Psychologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress, approach to its charge, 2–3, 14–15 interpretation of its charge, 2, 13–14 Comorbidity, and PTSD, 78, 84–85 Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) , 23, 76, 142, 147 Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program (CCEP)
From page 327...
... See Chronic widespread pain Cytokines, 54, 62 D Da Costa syndrome, 183 Danish troops, 41, 167, 188, 198, 215, 232–233, 248–249, 318 Demographics of military populations, 12–13 Department of Defense (DoD) Mental Health Advisory Team, 241, 283 Solider and Marine Well-Being Survey, 34 Task Force on Domestic Violence, 287 Deployment-related stressors, 2, 5–6, 13, 31–47, 115 anticipation of deployment to a war zone, 36–37 conclusions, 43 environmental and chemical stressors, 39 impacts on families and children, 292–293
From page 328...
... , 7, 76–77, 81, 84–85, 142, 158, 256 diagnostic criteria for PTSD, 77 Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) , 142, 217, 242 Digestive system disorders, 204–213 primary studies, 205–206 PTSD and, 208–209 secondary studies, 207–208 DIS.
From page 329...
... See Generalized anxiety disorder Gastrointestinal (GI) effects, 204–213, 251 primary studies, 205–206 PTSD and, 208–209 secondary studies, 207–208 in stress response, 64–66 General symptoms and signs, 248–250, 259 PTSD and reporting of, 250–251 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
From page 330...
... See Sexual assault and harassment Hardiness, and PTSD, 89–90 Hawaiian Vietnam Veterans Project (HVVP) , 87 Health effects, 115–260 assessment of as an inclusion criterion, 23 cancer, 117–132 cardiovascular diseases, 183–196 chronic fatigue syndrome, 174–178 digestive system disorders, 204–213 endocrine diseases, 133–141 fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain, 222–228 gastrointestinal effects, 204–213 neurobehavioral and neurocognitive effects, 167–173 organization of chapter, 115–117 psychiatric disorders, 142–157 reproductive effects, 229–236 respiratory system diseases, 197–203 skin disorders, 214–221 sleep disturbances, 179–182 substance-use disorders, 158–166 suicide and accidental death, 237–247 symptom reporting, 248–260 Heart disease, 183–184, 186–187, 189, 192–194 primary studies, 186–187 secondary studies, 187 Heart rate, PTSD and, 63, 188–191 Hispanic veterans.
From page 331...
... See Irritable bowel syndrome ICD. See International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Immune responses, in stress response, 62–63 Inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists, 5, 9, 27, 320 Incarceration, 304–307 Inclusion criteria, 23 health-effect assessment, 23 in identifying and evaluating the literature, 23 methodologic rigor, 23 primary studies, 23 secondary studies, 23 Inflammatory responses, in stress response, 62–63 Insulin resistance, 62 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)
From page 332...
... , 7, 76, 84–86, 91–92, 96, 142–157, 189, 226, 243, 253, 309 Marine cohorts, 34, 79, 119, 253 Marital and family conflict, 283–298 deployment impacts on families and children, 291–293 intimate partner violence, 287–291 primary studies, 284–286 secondary studies, 286–287 MDD. See Major depressive disorder Memory, 53, 60–61, 167–169, 248–249 Mental Health Advisory Team (MHAT)
From page 333...
... , 134, 136, 148, 175, 179, 184–185, 198–200, 205, 209 Navy cohorts, 43, 91, 147, 179, 253 NCS. See National Comorbidity Survey Neurobehavioral and neurocognitive effects, 167–173 primary studies, 167–168 PTSD and, 168–170 secondary studies, 168 Neurobiology of PTSD, 94–100 fear conditioning, 97–98 HPA-axis alterations, 96–97 neuroimaging studies, 99–100 sleep disturbances, 98–99 startle reflex, 98 sympathetic nervous system alterations, 94–96 Neurocognition Deployment Health Study, 167 Neuroimaging studies, in the neurobiology of PTSD, 99–100 NHL.
From page 334...
... , 2–3, 5–8, 12, 15, 18, 23, 28, 31, 35, 43, 51, 59–60, 75– 113, 116, 118, 137–140, 142–152, 159, 162, 168–170, 176–183, 188–194, 205, 208–210, 249–250, 283–294, 299, 304–305, 308–309, 317–319 and cancer, 125–126, 132 and cardiovascular disease, 192–193 and cardiovascular reactivity, 190–191 and cardiovascular symptoms, 191–192 and chronic fatigue syndrome, 176–177 and chronic pain, 256–257 and comorbidity, 84–85 conclusions, 100 course of, 81–84 diagnosis and clinical features, 76–77 and digestive system disorders, 208–209 and disability, 85–86 and endocrine diseases, 137–139 and fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain, 226 and gastrointestinal effects, 208–209 and general symptom reporting, 250–251 and heart rate, 188–189 and hypertension, 189–190 and neurobehavioral and neurocognitive effects, 168–170 and neurobiology, 94–100 and prevalence, 78–81 and reproductive effects, 233 and respiratory system diseases, 200 risk and protective factors for, 86–94 and skin disorders, 216–218 and sleep disturbances, 180–182 and substance-use disorders, 162
From page 335...
... See also Posttraumatic stress disorder; Substance-use disorders primary studies, 142–147 secondary studies, 148–151 Psychiatric history, and PTSD, 89 Psychosocial effects, 8, 283–319 employment, 308–311 families and children, 291–293 homelessness, 299–303 incarceration, 304–307 intimate partner violence, 287–291 marital and family conflict, 283–298 PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder Pyridostigmine bromide (PB)
From page 336...
... See Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Seabee Health Study, 186 Seabees. See Naval Mobile Construction Battalions Self-reports, 4, 23, 28, 33, 41, 79, 116, 120, 122, 124–126, 133–138, 146–150, 167, 175–176, 183–187, 197–201, 205–207, 214–217, 222, 224–226, 229, 231–232, 242, 250–258, 288, 292, 305, 317–318 of sleep disturbance, 179–180 Sense of control, and PTSD, 89–90 Serotonin, 56–59, 94 Sex, and PTSD, 86–87 Sexual assault and harassment, military, 37–38 Sexual dysfunction, 232–233 Shell shock, 75 Skin cancer, 124–125, 131 Skin disorders, 214–221 primary studies, 214–215 PTSD and, 216–218 secondary studies, 215–216 Sleep disturbances, 98–99, 179–182 in the neurobiology of PTSD, 98–99 PTSD and, 180–182 self-reports of, 179–180 Social Isolation Index, 285 Social support, and PTSD, 91–92 Socioeconomic status, and PTSD, 91 Soft-tissue sarcoma, 118–119 Soldier and Marine Well-Being Survey, DoD, 34.
From page 337...
... , 23, 76, 80, 92, 142, 144, 146, 149–150, 181, 189, 191, 284–285, 291, 305 Substance-use disorders, 60, 84, 89, 149, 158–166. See also Alcohol abuse or dependence; Drug abuse or dependence; Psychiatric disorders primary studies, 158–160, 164–166 PTSD and, 162 secondary studies, 160–162 Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship, 4, 8, 27, 319 Sufficient evidence of an association, 4, 8, 27, 319 Suicide, 237–247 ideation, 148, 151 primary studies, 237–241 PTSD and, 242–243 secondary studies, 241–242 Summary of findings regarding the association between deployment to a war zone and specific health and psychosocial effects, 8–9, 319–320 inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists, 9, 320 limited but suggestive evidence of an association, 8, 319–320 limited/suggestive evidence of no association, 9, 320 schematic depiction of, 15 sufficient evidence of a causal relationship, 8, 319 sufficient evidence of an association, 8, 319 Sympathetic nervous system alterations, in the neurobiology of PTSD, 94–96
From page 338...
... See Vietnam Experience Study VET. See Vietnam-Era Twin Registry Veteran studies, limitations of, 5, 28, 317–318 Veterans Health Study, 137, 192, 217, 251 Veterans Programs Enhancement Act, 1, 12 Vietnam-Era Twin Registry (VET)
From page 339...
... , 168–169 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) , 168–169 Women, 13, 33, 38, 41–43, 137–140, 222, 248 cancer, 117, 120, 123 cardiovascular disease, 186 comorbidity and disability, 84–86 deployment-related stressors for, 41–43 employment, 308 fibromyalgia and chronic pain, PTSD and, 226, 256 gastrointestinal effects, PTSD and, 209 homelessness, 299, 301 marital and family conflict, 284–285, 287–288 prevalence of PTSD in, 78 psychiatric disorders, 144–146, 149 PTSD risk and protective factors, 86–87, 91 reproductive effects, 230–231 respiratory diseases, PTSD and, 200 substance abuse, 158–159, 161–162 suicide and accidental death, 139–140 symptom reporting, PTSD and, 250–251 in the Vietnam war, 80–82 World Health Organization, 78, 158 World Mental Health Survey, 78 World War I, 75, 183 World War II, 7, 13, 31, 33, 41, 75, 83–85, 90–91, 93–94, 137–138, 181, 189, 192, 208, 218– 219, 249–250 prevalence of PTSD in, 80–81 Y Yohimbine, 95


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