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Appendix B: Supplemental Information on Human Contributions and Responses
Pages 143-150

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From page 143... ... The boundaries of what is variously labeled "human dimensions," "human contributions and responses," and "decision support and related research on human contributions and responses" are not well defined in CCSP documents, and differences in agencies' interpretations of these terms substantially influenced their budget estimates. For the agency questionnaire, the CHDGC defined the field as covering human systems as driving forces for climate change, impacts of climate change on human systems, responses by human systems to climate change and its observed or anticipated impacts, and decision support frameworks to inform and facilitate appropriate responses. Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... Agencies generally agreed that their budget estimates for human dimensions work would increase substantially if they included funding for decision support under its broadest definition. Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... specifications for regional output and behavioral relationships into integrated economic and geophysical models of the economics of climate change, and to test the difference between PPP and market exchange rates specifications • Development of a spatially explicit emissions data set that would include developing countries Continued Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... Example programs: • An assessment of how technology alters pollution from mobile sources • A study of the impacts of climate change on surface water users of the Roaring Fork Watershed in Colorado • A study on the impact of climate change and variability on human health • A preliminary review of adaptation options for climate-sensitive ecosystems and resources • A project on decision support systems involving climate change and public health • The development and compilation of socioeconomic scenarios • Potential costs associated with climate impacts on publicly owned treatment works • Analyses of the effects of global change on human systems and human health and welfare • Development of integrated climate and land use change scenarios for the lower 48 states NASA $0d All programs appear to be focused on decision support Example programs (decision support) : • The NASA-CDC Health and Environment Linked for Information Exchange, Atlanta (HELIX-Atlanta) Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... The Sectoral Applications Research Program funds improved decision support for climate-related issues in key socioeconomic sectors. Example programs: • The Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy seeks to quantify actual and potential impacts of changes in the seasonality of weather and climate on Alaskan people and ecosystems • The California Applications Program studies the impacts of climate variability and change in California and the surrounding area, with an eye toward improving the climate information available to decision makers in key sectors such as water, human health, and wildfire • The Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments project investigates ways to present climate research that is relevant to water resource policy and to increase decision-makers' understanding of climate variability, forecast uncertainty, and risks associated with forecast failure • The Climate Impacts Group works to increase the resilience of the region to climate change through research and working with planners and policy makers to apply climate information to regional decision-making processes, particularly in the areas of water resources, aquatic ecosystems, forests, and coastal systems • The Climate Assessment for the Southwest project investigates climate variability in rural and urban areas, climate impacts on water resources, water policy, and wildland fire, and how to improve climate inputs for drought planning • The Pacific Islands RISA works in close collaboration with stakeholders in water and natural resources, agriculture, tourism, and public health to reduce vulnerability to climate-related events such as drought, floods, and tropical cyclones • The Southeast Climate Consortium is working to develop methods that can translate regional climate forecasts into local forecasts linked with crop and hydrology models in an attempt to reduce the vulnerability of agriculture, forestry, and water resources to climate variability Continued Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... 148 APPENDIX B TABLE B.1 Continued Annual Agency Budget Example Programs NOAA • The Western Water Assessment provides (continued) vulnerability assessments, climate forecasts, and paleoclimate studies to water resource managers to aid in addressing issues relating to climate change and variability • An analysis of how increased or improved use of climate information can lead to better, more cost-effective water resource management • An attempt to demonstrate that climate-based hydrologic forecasts will improve water resource management • Identification of the constraints and opportunities at institutional and community levels for improving surface water management by using seasonal climate forecasts • A multidisciplinary assessment of the hydrologic and agricultural vulnerabilities of the Missouri River Basin and their economic consequences • Integration of NOAA climate forecast information into short- and long-term water resource decisions • Assessment of the impacts of drought on the economies of Colorado, Nebraska, and New Mexico • Evaluation of mechanisms for incorporating climate information into humanitarian relief and reconstruction programs • Application of a suite of satellite observation and forecast products to develop and evaluate coral bleaching forecast tools • Identification of current and future thermal stress risks of coral reefs in Southeast Asia to help develop conservation programs • Development of tools that will allow managers to strengthen the resiliency of the coral reef system NSF $8 Me Research support is focused on different aspects of decision making under uncertainty associated with climate change, as well as basic science on how people interact with natural systems in general Example programs under Decision Making Under Uncertainty centers: • Decision Center for a Desert City: use of models of decision science, studies of the cognitive processes by which individuals and water managers make decisions, and development of decision support tools and models to improve water management decisions in central Arizona Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... climate science portfolio relates to the magnitude of various sources of global change Example basic research programs (individual investigators) : • Understanding linkages among human and biogeochemical processes in agricultural landscapes • Feedbacks between complex ecological and social models: urban landscape structure, nitrogen flux, vegetation management, and adoption of design scenarios • The dynamics of human-sea ice relationships: comparing changing environments in Alaska, Nunavut, and Greenland • Understanding and modeling the scope for adaptive management in agroecosystems in the Pampas: response to interannual and decadal climate variability and other risk factors • The role of experience in climate change detection, risk perception, and behavior • Doctoral dissertation research: multilevel modeling of household and accessibility-zone drivers of land change in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon • Disaster, resilience, and the built environment on the Gulf Coast • Improving citizen participation in deliberative decisions: understanding and evaluating different sources of knowledge • Collaborative research: globalization, deforestation, and the cattle sector of the Brazilian Amazon Continued Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... bFunding reported is limited to the Forest Service. EPA has funded additional Forest Service work on models to predict land use change and assess policy options for climate change; that work has been reported by the Forest Service land use subgroup. Read the entire page →

From page 143...

... The boundaries of what is variously labeled "human dimensions," "human contributions and responses," and "decision support and related research on human contributions and responses" are not well defined in CCSP documents, and differences in agencies' interpretations of these terms substantially influenced their budget estimates. For the agency questionnaire, the CHDGC defined the field as covering human systems as driving forces for climate change, impacts of climate change on human systems, responses by human systems to climate change and its observed or anticipated impacts, and decision support frameworks to inform and facilitate appropriate responses.

Read the entire page →

From page 144...

... Agencies generally agreed that their budget estimates for human dimensions work would increase substantially if they included funding for decision support under its broadest definition.

Read the entire page →

From page 145...

... specifications for regional output and behavioral relationships into integrated economic and geophysical models of the economics of climate change, and to test the difference between PPP and market exchange rates specifications • Development of a spatially explicit emissions data set that would include developing countries Continued

Read the entire page →

From page 146...

... Example programs: • An assessment of how technology alters pollution from mobile sources • A study of the impacts of climate change on surface water users of the Roaring Fork Watershed in Colorado • A study on the impact of climate change and variability on human health • A preliminary review of adaptation options for climate-sensitive ecosystems and resources • A project on decision support systems involving climate change and public health • The development and compilation of socioeconomic scenarios • Potential costs associated with climate impacts on publicly owned treatment works • Analyses of the effects of global change on human systems and human health and welfare • Development of integrated climate and land use change scenarios for the lower 48 states NASA $0d All programs appear to be focused on decision support Example programs (decision support) : • The NASA-CDC Health and Environment Linked for Information Exchange, Atlanta (HELIX-Atlanta)

Read the entire page →

From page 147...

... The Sectoral Applications Research Program funds improved decision support for climate-related issues in key socioeconomic sectors. Example programs: • The Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy seeks to quantify actual and potential impacts of changes in the seasonality of weather and climate on Alaskan people and ecosystems • The California Applications Program studies the impacts of climate variability and change in California and the surrounding area, with an eye toward improving the climate information available to decision makers in key sectors such as water, human health, and wildfire • The Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments project investigates ways to present climate research that is relevant to water resource policy and to increase decision-makers' understanding of climate variability, forecast uncertainty, and risks associated with forecast failure • The Climate Impacts Group works to increase the resilience of the region to climate change through research and working with planners and policy makers to apply climate information to regional decision-making processes, particularly in the areas of water resources, aquatic ecosystems, forests, and coastal systems • The Climate Assessment for the Southwest project investigates climate variability in rural and urban areas, climate impacts on water resources, water policy, and wildland fire, and how to improve climate inputs for drought planning • The Pacific Islands RISA works in close collaboration with stakeholders in water and natural resources, agriculture, tourism, and public health to reduce vulnerability to climate-related events such as drought, floods, and tropical cyclones • The Southeast Climate Consortium is working to develop methods that can translate regional climate forecasts into local forecasts linked with crop and hydrology models in an attempt to reduce the vulnerability of agriculture, forestry, and water resources to climate variability Continued

Read the entire page →

From page 148...

... 148 APPENDIX B TABLE B.1 Continued Annual Agency Budget Example Programs NOAA • The Western Water Assessment provides (continued) vulnerability assessments, climate forecasts, and paleoclimate studies to water resource managers to aid in addressing issues relating to climate change and variability • An analysis of how increased or improved use of climate information can lead to better, more cost-effective water resource management • An attempt to demonstrate that climate-based hydrologic forecasts will improve water resource management • Identification of the constraints and opportunities at institutional and community levels for improving surface water management by using seasonal climate forecasts • A multidisciplinary assessment of the hydrologic and agricultural vulnerabilities of the Missouri River Basin and their economic consequences • Integration of NOAA climate forecast information into short- and long-term water resource decisions • Assessment of the impacts of drought on the economies of Colorado, Nebraska, and New Mexico • Evaluation of mechanisms for incorporating climate information into humanitarian relief and reconstruction programs • Application of a suite of satellite observation and forecast products to develop and evaluate coral bleaching forecast tools • Identification of current and future thermal stress risks of coral reefs in Southeast Asia to help develop conservation programs • Development of tools that will allow managers to strengthen the resiliency of the coral reef system NSF $8 Me Research support is focused on different aspects of decision making under uncertainty associated with climate change, as well as basic science on how people interact with natural systems in general Example programs under Decision Making Under Uncertainty centers: • Decision Center for a Desert City: use of models of decision science, studies of the cognitive processes by which individuals and water managers make decisions, and development of decision support tools and models to improve water management decisions in central Arizona

Read the entire page →

From page 149...

... climate science portfolio relates to the magnitude of various sources of global change Example basic research programs (individual investigators) : • Understanding linkages among human and biogeochemical processes in agricultural landscapes • Feedbacks between complex ecological and social models: urban landscape structure, nitrogen flux, vegetation management, and adoption of design scenarios • The dynamics of human-sea ice relationships: comparing changing environments in Alaska, Nunavut, and Greenland • Understanding and modeling the scope for adaptive management in agroecosystems in the Pampas: response to interannual and decadal climate variability and other risk factors • The role of experience in climate change detection, risk perception, and behavior • Doctoral dissertation research: multilevel modeling of household and accessibility-zone drivers of land change in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon • Disaster, resilience, and the built environment on the Gulf Coast • Improving citizen participation in deliberative decisions: understanding and evaluating different sources of knowledge • Collaborative research: globalization, deforestation, and the cattle sector of the Brazilian Amazon Continued

Read the entire page →

From page 150...

... bFunding reported is limited to the Forest Service. EPA has funded additional Forest Service work on models to predict land use change and assess policy options for climate change; that work has been reported by the Forest Service land use subgroup.

Read the entire page →

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Appendix B: Supplemental Information on Human Contributions and Responses Pages 143-150

Appendix B: Supplemental Information on Human Contributions and Responses
Pages 143-150