Biosafety in the Laboratory Prudent Practices for Handling and Disposal of Infectious Materials (1989) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction, Overview, and Recommendations
1 Introduction, Overview, and Recommendations
Pages 1-7
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Furthermore, there is little or no risk to the community at large: disease outbreaks in the United States attributable to the escape of infectious agents, either from laboratories or from waste disposal sites, have been extremely rare. The general concepts set forth in this book apply to many Apes of laboratories: academic, industrial, and governmental research laboratories; hospital, phy sicians', veterinanans', and dentists' laboratories; teaching laboratories; blood banks; and analytical laboratories that handle potentially infectious materials (e.g., clinical, diagnostic, and food laboratories)
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A list of pertinent references is provided, and the reader is urged to consult them for a more complete treatment of the subject. In particular, laboratory workers who come into contact with human blood, body fluids, or tissue should pay special attention to the practices described in the proposed guidelines on "Protection of Laboratory Workers from Infectious Disease Transmitted by Blood and Tissues," published by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [901, and the Centers for Disease Control publication, "Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Workers" [341.
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As described here, an effective safety management program includes the following: clear goals, well-defined responsibilities, mandatory safety rules, written safety plans, safety committees, effective safety communications, emergency preparedness, and auditing of laboratory operations. Also, as discussed in this chapter, every instituiion or laboratory should have a biosafety manual that addresses the following topics: · policy and goals, · safety organization, · medical programs, · laboratory procedures for labeling and handling specimens, preventing aerosol and droplet generation, properly using needles, discarding materials, steam autoclaving and disinfecting, cleaning-up of spills, using and maintaining safety cabinets, controlling insects and other pests, and working with animals, · safety equipment, · waste disposal, and · emergencies.
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Immunization Employees handling clinical specimens or infectious agents should be immunized with the vaccines required for admission to elementary school, or have documented immunity. Personnel working with blood, serum, or other body fluids should be immunized against hepatitis B
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· Wash hands following all laboratory activities, following the removal of gloves, and immediately following contact with infectious materials (Figure 13~. · Decontaminate work surfaces before and after use, and immediateb after spills (Figure 1.4~.
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7. Safe Disposal of Infectious Laboratory Waste Just as with chemically hazardous waste, the generators of infectious laboratory waste have the re sponsibility to ensure that their waste is safely handled from "cradle to grave." Treatment and disposal of infectious waste by conventional methods such as solid waste incineration, sanitary landfills, and sewage treatment plants are adequate to protect He public's health.
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From page 7... ...
There should be a biosafety manual that sets forth the following: safety policy, goals, and organization; medical program; laboratory procedures; safety equipment; waste disposal methods; and emergency procedures. (See Chapters 4 and 5.)
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