Biosafety in the Laboratory Prudent Practices for Handling and Disposal of Infectious Materials (1989) / Chapter Skim
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5 Safety Management
5 Safety Management
Pages 46-69
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From page 46... ...
A potentially effective safety program that is ignored by top management will fail because it will certainly be ignored by many others. Essential to an effective institutional safety program is a safety coordinator (or safety officers appropriately trained in relevant safety technology.
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From page 47... ...
To be effective, safety coordinators should work closely with administrators and investigators to develop and implement written policies and practices needed for safe laboratory work. Collectively, this group should routinely monitor current operations and practices, see that appropriate audits are maintained, and constantly seek ways to improve the safety program.
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From page 48... ...
Small laboratories with no formal safety organization should hold periodic safety reviews to discuss actual or potential hazards and how to deal with them, in order to maintain a safety awareness.
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From page 49... ...
Generally, biological safety cabinets in Biosafety Level 2 laboratories will not be on the emergency power system and thus cannot be used if there is a power failure. Circuits providing emergency power should be readily identifiable.
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From page 50... ...
g. Safety Equipment Biological safety cabinets, autoclaves, and other Biosafety equipment should be properly installed and checked to ensure correct operation.
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From page 51... ...
For example, when the dismantling of exhaust ducts from biological safety cabinets in Biosafety Level 3 laboratories is required, the workers should be informed of the potential risk and the ducts should be decontaminated before they are dismantled. If a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory is to be dismantled, or used for other purposes, it must be thoroughly disinfected to ensure that infectious agents from the previous activities no longer constitute a risk to the workers, before any remodeling is carried out.
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From page 52... ...
Further information on training materials and safety training courses may be obtained from the Division of Safety, National Institutes of Health; Office of Biosafety, Centers for Disease Control; the American Society for Microbiology; the American Biological Safety Association; and the Biohazards Section of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. Physicians' laboratories may contact their state health laboratories for further information.
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From page 53... ...
The laboratory biosafety manual should include the following subjects: · policy and goals; · safety organization; · medical program; · procedures for general laboratory operations, including: labeling and handling of speci
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From page 54... ...
Accreditation.) Smaller laboratories, such as physicians' office laboratories or laboratories that handle minimally biohazardous materials, may address biosafety as a portion of the general laboratory procedure manual.
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[62J. The program might also be involved in making recommendations to reduce exposure to biohazards (e.g., use of biological safety cabinets, use of personal protective devices, or changes in work practices)
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From page 56... ...
, and Appendix A Because of this occupational risk it is reasonable to conclude that, in addition to the need for engineering controls, biosafety equipment, appropriate work practices, and personal protective devices, laboratory workers should have unimpaired host defenses.
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From page 57... ...
Personnel who may require a more complete evaluation (e.g., physical examination and laboratory testing) include the following: 57 · individuals working with the more hazardous agents, particularly those requiring Biosafety Level 3 or 4 (see Appendix A and reference 134~; · individuals working with oncogenic and teratogenic microbial agents; · animal caretakers, maintenance personnel, custodial and housekeeping staffs, or others who work in areas where potential exposure to infectious materials is high; · personnel working in overcrowded areas or in areas where containment systems are deficient or lacking; and · individuals whose questionnaires show medical conditions that would increase their risk when handling certain agents.
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From page 58... ...
Biological monitoring provides evidence of infection with specif~c infectious agents, e.g., the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test for tuberculosis and serological tests for antibody to hepatitis B virus.
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From page 59... ...
For example, an ongoing surveillance program for all workers who may become exposed to rickettsiae in the laboratory, including maintenance and other support service personnel, could result in early treatment of the disease and amelioration of its severity (see Appendix C in reference 105~. Such a surveillance system should include the availability of an experienced medical officer, education of at-risk personnel about the potential hazards of the infectious agents and the advantages of early treatment, a reporting system for recording all recognized exposures and accidents, and the requirement for prompt reporting of all febrile illness.
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From page 60... ...
care personnel available irrespective of agents handled Eastern Equine Inactivated vaccine Personnel who work USAMRIID~ Encephalomyelitis directly and regularly (EKE) with EKE in the laboratory Hepatitis A Immune serum Animal care personnel Commercially globulin working directly with available (ISG [Human]
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From page 61... ...
Polio-susceptible Commercially and live attenuated personnel working with available (OPV) vaccines the virus or entering laboratories or animal rooms where the virus is In use Pox viruses Live (lyophilized)
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From page 62... ...
Tularemia Live attenuated Personnel working CDCC bacterial vaccine regularly with cultures (IND) 6 or infected animals, and personnel entering areas where the agent or infected animals are in use Typhoid Inactivated vaccine Personnel who have no Commercially demonstrated sensitivity available to Be vaccine and who work regularly win cultures Venezuelan Live attenuated Personnel working win USAMRIIDa Equine and (TCS3)
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From page 63... ...
The medical program director must be familiar with the nature of the employees' work and its potential hazards in order to design an effective medical program.
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From page 64... ...
Protective clothing and approved respiratory protection should be worn during the decontamination to prevent personal exposure to the infectious agents Cat were released. The biosafety officer should be consulted before cleanup is started, to ensure that proper techniques will be employed.
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From page 65... ...
Caution must be exercised in the choice of decontaminant, keeping in mind that fumes from flammable organic solvents, such as alcohol, can reach dangerous concentrations within a biological safety cabinet. The proper emergency response for an accidental spillage of biohazardous material in the laboratory, outside a biological safety cabinet, will depend upon the hazard of the material and the volume.
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From page 66... ...
Should a spill occur, it is important to remember that spills of radioactive material are handled in a way similar to spills of infectious agents, except that there is additional concern for the radiation hazard. Determination of the primary hazard is of the utmost importance.
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From page 67... ...
In addi tion they should be aware of the accreditation pro cesses and guidelines that may be available to assist the organization in complying with legal require- An academic biosafety training program is based meets. Numerous governmental agencies are in- on the size of the institution and the relative biohaz volved in the regulatory process, and the regulations arcs found there.
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From page 68... ...
are also applicable to teaching laboratories that work with biohazardous materials. A biosafety officer or a knowledgeable faculty member should review the procedures to be carried out as laboratory exercises and determine if the containment practices need to be improved to reduce the risk.
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From page 69... ...
In order to correct problems, investigations of accidents and "near misses" should be documented. It is important that accidents be investigated in a timely manner, and that accident reports be completed by the teaching assistant or laboratory supervisor and forwarded promptly to the appropriate individuals for investigation.
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