Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Glossary
Pages 226-238
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The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 listed 189 of these air toxics as HAPs because of their potential to be carcinogens, respiratory toxicants, neurotoxicants, or cause other harmful effects. They are differentiated from criteria air pollutants under the air quality management system laid out by the Clean Air Act.
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Glossary 227 Ambient Air – The air outside of structures. Often used interchangeably with "outdoor air." Analytical Models – Models that can be solved mathematically in closed form.
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– Federal legislation administered by EPA that serves as the primary means of regulating ambient air quality in the United States. The original Clean Air Act in the United States was passed in 1963, but most of the national air pollution control program is based on the 1970 version of the law.
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Glossary 229 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model – An air quality model designed to simulate and model a wide range of physical and chemical processes relating to air quality at particular scales in the lower atmosphere over a regional and subregional scale.
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230 Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making Criteria Air Pollutants – An air pollutant for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been set. There are six common air pollutants (carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide)
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Some models are independent of a specific regulation, such as water quality or air quality models that are used in an array of application settings. Other models are created to provide a regulation-specific set of analyses completed during the development and assessment of specific regulatory proposals.
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Exceedance – An air pollution event in which the ambient concentration of a pollutant exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Expert Elicitation – A process for obtaining expert beliefs about subjective quantities and probabilities.
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Glossary 233 Genomics – The study of genes and their function. Greenhouse Gas – Atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor that slow the passage of re-radiated heat through the earth's atmosphere.
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National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) – Standards set by EPA for the maximum levels of criteria air pollutants that can exist in the outdoor air without adverse effects on human health or the public welfare.
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– An analysis document produced by EPA for each major rulemaking listing the expected impacts of the rule, including environmental impacts, health impacts, cost–benefit analyses, economic impacts, and small business impacts. Reliability – The confidence that (potential)
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– The integration of information on hazard, dose-response, and exposure to provide an estimate of the likelihood that any of the identified adverse effects will occur in exposed people. Risk Management (in the context of human health)
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It requires tests of chemicals that may harm human health or the environment, reviews of new chemical substances, limits on the availability of some existing chemicals, and import certification standards to ensure that imported chemicals comply with domestic rules.
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238 Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making Toxicogenomics – The study of how genomes respond to environmental stressors or toxicants. Combines genomewide mRNA expression profiling with protein expression patterns using bioinformatics to understand the role of gene-environment interactions in disease and dysfunction.
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