Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C Categories of Environmental Regulatory Models
Appendix C Categories of Environmental Regulatory Models
Pages 249-268
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. The categories of models that are integral to environmental regulation include human activity models, natural systems models, emissions models, fate and transport models, exposure models, human health and environmental response models, economic impact models, and noneconomic impact models.
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Human food consumption is also used to estimate exposure to pollutants such as pesticides. Resource consumption in dollar terms may be used to assess economic impacts.
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Appendix C 251 mics of ecosystems that directly or indirectly give rise to fluxes of nutrients and other environmental emissions. Natural Systems Process and Emissions Models Additional Model Type Use Information Marine Plot-scale Simulates plot-level photosynthesis MBL 2005 Biological nutrient and nitrogen uptake by plants, Laboratory cycling of allocation of carbon and nitrogen to General carbon and foliage, stems, and fine roots, Ecosystem nitrogen respiration in these tissues, turnover Model of biomass through litter fall, and (MBL-GEM)
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Model Glover and used to evaluate mobile source Cumberworth control strategies, control strategies 2003 for state implementation plans, and for developing environmental impact statements, in addition to other research. FATE AND TRANSPORT MODELS Fate and transport models calculate the movement of pollutants in the environment.
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Appendix C 253 mathematical relationships among the components. Fate and transport model output has traditionally been deterministic, although recent focus on uncertainty and variability has led to some probabilistic models.
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254 Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making Subsurface Models Continued Additional Model Type Use Information and Method of dispersion, advection, Characteristics sorption, and biodegradation.
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Model has three components including, meteorological system, an emissions model for estimating anthropogenic and natural emissions, and a chemistry-transport modeling system. UAM 3-D Grid Model calculates concentrations of Systems inert and chemically reactive pollutants Applications and is used to evaluate air quality, International, Inc., particularly related to ambient ozone 1999 concentrations.
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. CALPUFF Non-steady-state air quality dispersion model that simulates long range transport of pollutants.
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HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT RESPONSE MODELS Human Health Effects Models Health effects models provide a statistical relationship between a dose of a chemical and an adverse human health effect. Health effects models are statistical methods, hence models in this category are almost exclusively empirical.
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response data Linear Cancer Statistical To estimate the risk posed by model analysis carcinogenic pollutants. method Ecological Effects Models Ecological effects models, like human health effects models, define relationships between a level of pollutant exposure and a particular ecological indicator.
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Nonroad Macro Multimarket model to analyze how producers EPA 2005d Diesel economic and consumers are expected to respond to Economic for impact compliance costs associated with the rule. (Continued)
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diesel Implementation Plans and regulatory emissions analyses. standards rule BenMAP Noneco- Model that estimates the health benefits EPA 2007i nomic and associated with air quality changes by economic estimating changes in incidences of a wide benefits range of health outcomes and then placing an from air economic value on these reduced incidences.
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EPA-452/R-04-011. Air Qual ity Modeling Group, Emissions, Monitoring & Analysis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC [online]
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EPA-452/R-05-006. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S.
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. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S.
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2007d. Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)
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Appendix C 265 ICF Consulting.
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2002. The analysis of travel and emission impacts of travel demand management strategies using activity-based models.
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Appendix C 267 Triangle Park [online]
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