National Land Parcel Data A Vision for the Future (2007) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Background and Current Setting
2 Background and Current Setting
Pages 17-40
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From page 17... ...
It retained primary responsibility for managing these operations with local government, but recommended state coordinating bodies and some level of federal financial support. The report also recommended that the federal government develop standards for use across the country and support academic centers of excellence to study and improve "land information science." The recommendations from that report can be found in Appendix B
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From page 18... ...
It estimated that the cost of a matching federal program would be $90 million per year over a 20-year period for a total federal contribution of $1.8 billion. The NRC has produced a number of other reports that are relevant to the present study in that they continue to document the need for national land parcel data and the roles of various players in developing it.
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From page 19... ...
The 1990 version created the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) , to consist of representatives from the federal agencies that use geospatial data, and gave it the responsibility of coordinating federal geospatial data activities.
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From page 20... ...
This elevates its importance and, according to Circular A-16, mandates that the federal government • Coordinate and work in partnership with federal, state, tribal, and local government agencies, academia, and the private sector to efficiently and cost-effectively collect, integrate, maintain, disseminate, and preserve spatial data, building upon local data wherever possible (OMB, 2002, 8(a)
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From page 21... ...
A literal interpretation of the Federal Land Ownership Status responsibilities suggests that BLM is mandated to serve as the federal land parcel coordinator. In a similar manner, as the designated steward for the cadastral framework layer, BLM would also appear to be designated to perform the functions of a national land parcel coordinator.
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From page 22... ...
HUD has numerous grant programs (as described in Section 3.1) for housing development and compliance issues that relate to specific land parcels, their owners, and their value.
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From page 23... ...
The Fifty States Initiative focuses on developing strong state coordinating bodies to organize and communicate effectively with their state agencies and local government, thereby eliminating waste and improving efficiency. Coordinating state efforts with those of the federal government delivers similar value.
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From page 24... ...
Recent policy directives emphasize that the federal government is mandated to coordinate the development of important national geospatial data sets, including land parcel data. By including cadastral data as a framework layer of the NSDI the federal government has acknowledged the importance of parcel data.
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From page 25... ...
6 Conceptual Models for Parcel Data Another useful way to examine the changes in the way that parcel data have been created and managed over the past 27 years is to examine the conceptual models, or the "stack of layers," used to represent geographic information within a local government information system. Multipurpose Cadastre The 1983 NRC report envisioned the relationship between parcel data and other data themes as digital versions of a registered set of transparencies that were manually registered with a set of pins (Figure 2.4)
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From page 26... ...
The term multipurpose cadastre was eventually replaced by the concept of multipurpose LISs, for several reasons. One, the name was confusing to people; LIS is easier to understand, and the term multipurpose cadastre was used very little by Epstein and Brown (1989)
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From page 27... ...
BACKGRoUND AND CURRENt SEttING FIGURE 2.5 Vision of a multipurpose land information system that evolved throughout the late 1980s. SOURCE: Land Information and Computer Graphics Facility, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
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From page 28... ...
For example, DuPage County, Illinois, which was cited in the 1980 report, has entered 100 percent of all of its parcels using COGO procedures. An example of a current system that has adopted the parcel GIS data model is the National Integrated Land System.
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From page 29... ...
FIGURE 2.6 FGDC Cadastral Subcommittee -- data content standard entities.
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From page 30... ...
0 NAtIoNAL LAND PARCEL DAtA FIGURE 2.7 Modern version of a stacked diagram. SOURCE: Adapted from Arctur and Zeiler, 2004.
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From page 31... ...
. While this discussion has shown how GIS-based parcel data systems have evolved in the last 27 years, nationally integrated land parcel data are unlikely to need the level of complexity shown here in terms of GIS capabilities.
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From page 32... ...
However, even the most powerful access systems provide little benefit if they deliver data stored in inconsistent formats or data incompatible with the user's application. The implications of these web services for nationally integrated land parcel data are huge.
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From page 33... ...
NAVTEQ and Tele Atlas also provide detailed street centerline files that are an alternative representation of street segments available from the Bureau of the Census in its Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) data set.
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From page 34... ...
The need for accurate geocoding has become especially obvious because of the extremely high resolution imagery that is now available in many local government GIS operations and even commercial applications such as Google Earth. Figure 2.10G shows recent imagery that is available for the sample address in Richland County, South Carolina.
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From page 35... ...
data courtesy Census Bureau; (C) data courtesy of City of Columbia, SC, Census Bureau; (D)
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From page 36... ...
The need to improve the address locating system is well known and being addressed not only by the Bureau of the Census but also by the private sector. The importance of accurate address
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From page 37... ...
Organized and accessible land records will play an important role in what is becoming known as the global knowledge economy. The emergence of this knowledge economy has created a very competitive local government environment and is changing the way governments attract and retain businesses in their community.
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From page 38... ...
2.4 SUMMARY As the sections in this chapter have shown, since 1980 a great deal has occurred in terms of the guidance, geospatial data policy, and technological changes that have a direct influence on the development of national land parcel data. So the question remains, Why has the vision laid out in 1980 and the subsequent reports not been achieved?
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From page 39... ...
The next three chapters attempt to analyze this question in more detail, by assessing the current needs for and benefits of national land parcel data (Chapter 3) , the current status of land parcel data systems at all levels (Chapter 4)
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